Lionfish: owukira okongola ku Caribbean ndi East Coast

Ndi Laura Sesana

Nkhaniyi poyamba inkawonekera CDN

Calvert Marine Museum ku Solomons, Maryland iphunzitsa anthu opita kumalo osungiramo zinthu zakale za Lionfish yoopsa yomwe imawopseza madzi a Caribbean ndi matanthwe. Lionfish ndi yokongola komanso yodabwitsa, koma monga zamoyo zowononga zomwe sizichokera ku Atlantic, kufalikira kwawo mofulumira kungayambitse mavuto aakulu a zachilengedwe ndi zachuma. Ndi nsonga zazitali zazitali komanso zowoneka bwino, Lionfish ndi yamitundu yowala komanso ili ndi mafani owonetsa minyewa yomwe imapangitsa kuti lionfish izindikirike mosavuta. Mamembala amtundu wa Pterois, asayansi apeza mitundu 10 yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lionfish.

Imapezeka ku South Pacific ndi Indian Oceans Lionfish imakula pakati pa mainchesi awiri mpaka 15 m'litali. Ndizinyama zolusa za nsomba zazing'ono, shrimp, nkhanu ndi zamoyo zina zazing'ono zam'madzi, zomwe zimakhala m'madzi pafupi ndi matanthwe a coral, makoma a miyala ndi nyanja. Lionfish imakhala ndi moyo pakati pa zaka zisanu ndi 15 ndipo imatha kuberekana mwezi uliwonse ikatha chaka choyamba. Ngakhale mbola ya lionfish ikhoza kukhala yowawa kwambiri, kupangitsa kupuma movutikira, nseru ndi kusanza, siipha anthu kawirikawiri. Zawo utsi imakhala ndi mapuloteni osakaniza, poizoni wa neuromuscular ndi acetylcholine, neurotransmitter.

Osakhala m’nyanja ya Atlantic, mitundu iwiri ya nsomba za m’nyanja— red lionfish ndi lionfish wamba —yafalikira ku Caribbean ndi m’mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Kum’maŵa kwa United States mpaka kufika pamlingo wakuti tsopano akuonedwa kuti ndi mitundu yowononga. Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti lionfish poyamba inalowa m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Florida m'ma 1980. Mphepo yamkuntho Andrew, mu 1992, inawononga nyanja yamadzi ku Biscayne Bay, ndikutulutsa nsomba zisanu ndi imodzi m'madzi. Lionfish yapezeka kumpoto kwa North Carolina komanso kumwera kwa Venezuela, ndipo mitundu yawo ikuwoneka ikukulirakulira. Zikuoneka kuti kusintha kwa nyengo kungathandizenso.

Lionfish ili ndi zilombo zochepa zodziwika bwino, chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zakhala vuto lalikulu m'madera ena a East Coast ndi Caribbean. Calvert Marine Museums akuyembekeza kuphunzitsa alendo za nyama zolusa zomwe zimawopseza nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'madzi athu ofunda, komanso momwe madzi otenthawa akuthandizire Lionfish kuti iziyenda bwino.

"Tikuwunikanso mauthenga athu kuti aphatikize zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, zomwe zikuwopseza tsogolo lazachilengedwe padziko lapansi," akufotokoza David Moyer, Curator of Estuarine Biology. Museum ya Calvert Marine ku Solomons, MD.

“Lionfish ikulowa ku Western Atlantic Ocean. M'nyengo yachilimwe, amapita kumpoto mpaka ku New York, mwachiwonekere amadutsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Maryland. Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo kumabweretsa kutentha kwa madzi a m'nyanja m'dera lathu, ndipo pamene kukwera kwa nyanja kukupitirirabe kulowa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Maryland, kuthekera kwa lionfish kukhazikika kosatha m'madzi athu kumawonjezeka, "analemba Moyer mu imelo yaposachedwa.

Chiwerengero cha nsomba za mikango m’madera amenewa chikuchuluka mofulumira. The National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) ikuti m’madzi ena kachulukidwe ka nsomba za m’nyanja zaposa mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo zakutchire. M’malo ambiri otentha muli nsomba zokwana 1,000 pa ekala imodzi.

Ofufuza sakudziwa momwe kuchuluka kwa nsomba za lionfish kungakhudzire kuchuluka kwa nsomba zamtunduwu komanso usodzi wamalonda. Komabe, amadziŵa kuti zamoyo zachilendo zingawononge kwambiri zachilengedwe za m’dzikolo ndi usodzi wa m’deralo. Amadziwikanso kuti lionfish imadya snapper ndi grouper, mitundu iwiri yofunika kwambiri pamalonda.

Malinga ndi National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), lionfish ikhoza kuwononga kwambiri midzi ya m'matanthwe mwa kusokoneza kusamalidwa bwino kwa zachilengedwe zina. Monga zilombo zolusa kwambiri, lionfish imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zimadya ndikupikisana ndi zilombo zomwe zimadya m'matanthwe, kenako ndikutenga udindo wawo.

Akatswiri ofufuza akuti kubwereketsa nsomba za m’madzi m’madera ena kumachepetsa ndi 80 peresenti ya mitundu ya nsomba za m’matanthwe a m’mphepete mwa nyanja, malinga ndi kunena kwa US Federal Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force (ANS).

M'madera omwe kuchuluka kwa nsomba za mikango kukuchulukirachulukira, njira zingapo zowongolera zakhazikitsidwa kuyambira kulimbikitsa kudyedwa kwawo (lionfish ndi yabwino kudya ngati yakonzedwa bwino) mpaka kuthandizira mipikisano ya usodzi ndi kulola osambira kupha lionfish m'malo am'madzi. Anthu osambira m’madzi ndi asodzi akulimbikitsidwa kuti azipereka lipoti za kuona nsomba za mikango, ndipo osambira akulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa nsombazo ngati n’kotheka.

Komabe, sizokayikitsa kuti lionfish idzatheratu kudera lomwe adakhazikitsa anthu, malinga ndi NOAA, chifukwa njira zowongolera zitha kukhala zokwera mtengo kwambiri kapena zovuta. NOAA imalosera kuti ziwerengero za lionfish ku Atlantic zitha kuchuluka.

Ochita kafukufuku amalimbikitsa kuti azitsatira kuchuluka kwa nsomba za lionfish, kuchita kafukufuku wambiri, kuphunzitsa anthu, komanso kupanga malamulo okhudza kumasula zamoyo za m’nyanja zomwe si za m’nyanja monga njira zochepetsera kufalikira kwa nsomba za m’nyanja zikuluzikulu ndi zamoyo zina zolusa.

Ofufuza angapo ndi mabungwe amatsindika za maphunziro. David Moyer anati: “Mavuto amakono a zamoyo zamoyo pafupifupi nthaŵi zonse amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochita za anthu. “Ngakhale kuti Munthu wathandiza kale kwambiri kugaŵiranso zamoyo zamitundumitundu padziko lonse lapansi, kuwononga zachilengedwe sikunathe ndipo pali kuthekera kwakuti zamoyo zambiri zowononga zamoyo zibwere tsiku lililonse.”

Poyesa kuphunzitsa anthu kudera la DC, komanso chifukwa cha zopereka zowolowa manja ku dipatimenti ya Estuarine Biology, Museum ya Calvert Marine Solomons, MD adzakhala ndi nyanja ya lionfish mu gawo lawo la Eco-Invaders pambuyo pa kukonzanso kwa Estuarium.

"Kuphatikizanso zambiri zazomwe zawononga zachilengedwe komanso zamtsogolo m'dera lathu zidzaphunzitsa alendo athu momwe zamoyo zowononga zimayambira ndikufalikira," adatero Moyer mu imelo yokhudzana ndi kukonzanso komwe kukubwera chiwonetsero cha Eco-Invaders. "Pokhala ndi izi, anthu ambiri adziwa momwe zochita zawo ndi zosankha zawo zingakhudzire chilengedwe chawo. Kufalitsa uthengawu kungathandize kuchepetsa mawu oyambitsira osafunika m’tsogolo.”

Laura Sesana ndi wolemba komanso DC, MD loya. Tsatirani iye pa Facebook, Twitter @lasesana, ndi Google+.