Kuyang'ana Pazatsatanetsatane

Kuwala Kokongola kwa Okutobala
Gawo 4: Kuyang'ana Pacific Yaikulu, Kuyang'ana Zambiri

ndi Mark J. Spalding

Kuchokera ku Block Island, ndinalowera chakumadzulo kudutsa dzikolo kupita ku Monterey, California, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko kupita ku Asilomar Conference Grounds. Asilomar ali ndi malo osangalatsa okhala ndi malingaliro abwino a Pacific ndi maulendo ataliatali oti akhale nawo m'milunda yotetezedwa. Dzina lakuti "Asilomar" limatanthauza mawu achi Spanish asilo al mar, kutanthauza chitetezo m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo nyumbazo zidapangidwa ndikumangidwa ndi katswiri wazomangamanga Julia Morgan m'ma 1920 ngati malo a YWCA. Inakhala gawo la park system ku State of California mu 1956.

Ndinali kumeneko monga mkulu wa bungwe la Middlebury Institute for International Studies, Center for the Blue Economy, lomwe linali ku Monterey. Tinasonkhanitsidwa kaamba ka “The Oceans in National Income Accounts: Searching Consensus on Definitions and Standards,” msonkhano umene unaphatikizapo oimira 30 ochokera m’mayiko 10, * kukambirana za kuyeza chuma cha m’nyanja, ndi chuma (chatsopano) cha buluu (chosatha) mawu ofunikira kwambiri: magawo owerengera ndalama adziko lonse pantchito zachuma. Chofunikira ndichakuti tilibe tanthauzo lofanana pazachuma chanyanja. Kotero, ife tinali pamenepo kuti tikambirane ndi kugwirizanitsa North America Industry Classification System (NAICS code), pamodzi ndi machitidwe ogwirizana nawo ochokera ku mayiko ena ndi zigawo kuti akhazikitse dongosolo lomwe chuma chonse cha m'nyanja, ndi zochitika zachuma za m'nyanja zingathe kutsatiridwa.

Cholinga chathu poyang'ana maakaunti adziko ndikuyesa chuma chathu cham'nyanja ndi gawo laling'ono la buluu ndikutha kuwonetsa zambiri zachuma chimenecho. Deta yotereyi idzatilola kuyang'anira kusintha kwa nthawi ndi kukhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko zomwe ndizofunikira pa ntchito zapanyanja ndi zam'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti zithandize anthu ndi kukhazikika. Tikufunika zidziwitso zoyambira pazachuma chathu chapanyanja padziko lonse lapansi kuti tiyeze momwe chilengedwe chimagwirira ntchito komanso kugulitsa kwazinthu ndi ntchito, komanso momwe chilichonse chimasinthira pakapita nthawi. Tikakhala ndi izi, ndiye kuti tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kulimbikitsa atsogoleri a boma kuti achitepo kanthu. Tiyenera kupatsa opanga mfundo umboni wothandiza komanso dongosolo, ndipo maakaunti adziko lathu ali kale magwero odalirika a chidziwitso. Tikudziwa kuti pali zinthu zambiri zosaoneka zokhudzana ndi momwe anthu amayamikirira nyanja, kotero sitingathe kuyeza chilichonse. Koma tiyenera kuyeza momwe tingathere ndi kusiyanitsa pakati pa zomwe ziri zokhazikika ndi zosakhazikika (pambuyo pogwirizana pa zomwe mawuwo amatanthauza kwenikweni) chifukwa, monga Peter Drucker akunenera "zomwe mumayezera ndi zomwe mumayang'anira."

Dongosolo loyambirira la SIC linakhazikitsidwa ndi United States chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1930. Mwachidule, zizindikiro zamagulu amakampani ndizowonetsera manambala anayi amakampani akuluakulu ndi mafakitale. Ma code amaperekedwa kutengera zomwe wamba amagawana muzogulitsa, ntchito, kupanga ndi njira yobweretsera bizinesi. Zizindikirozi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu okulirapo pang'onopang'ono: gulu lamakampani, magulu akulu, ndi magawo. Chifukwa chake makampani aliwonse kuyambira pausodzi kupita ku migodi mpaka ku malo ogulitsira ali ndi magawo, kapena mndandanda wa ma code, omwe amawalola kuti agawidwe molingana ndi zochitika zazikulu komanso zazing'ono. Monga gawo la zokambirana zomwe zidatsogolera ku North America Free Trade Agreement kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, United States, Canada, ndi Mexico adagwirizana kuti akhazikitse m'malo mwa dongosolo la SIC lotchedwa North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) lomwe limafotokoza zambiri. ikusintha SIC ndi mafakitale ambiri atsopano.

Tidafunsa lililonse la mayiko 10 * kuti ndi mafakitale ati omwe adaphatikiza mu "zachuma zam'nyanja" muakaunti yamayiko awo (monga ntchito yayikulu); ndi momwe tingafotokozere kukhazikika kwa nyanja kuti tithe kuyeza kagawo kakang'ono (kapena gawo laling'ono) la chuma cha m'nyanja chomwe chinali chabwino kuti nyanjayi itchulidwe kuti chuma cha buluu. Nanga n’cifukwa ciani zili zofunika? Ngati wina akuyesera kuwerengera momwe ntchito yamakampani iliri yofunika kwambiri, kapena chinthu china chake, akufuna kudziwa kuti ndi ma code ati amakampani omwe angagwirizane nawo kuti awonetse bwino kukula kapena kukula kwamakampaniwo. Ndipamene tingayambe kugawa mtengo kwa zinthu zosaoneka monga thanzi labwino, mofanana ndi momwe mitengo kapena zinthu zina zimagwirira ntchito m'mafakitale enaake monga mapepala, matabwa kapena nyumba.

Kufotokozera za chuma cha m'nyanja sikophweka, ndipo kufotokozera chuma cha buluu chokhala ndi nyanja ndi chovuta. Titha kuchita chinyengo ndi kunena kuti magawo onse muakaunti ya dziko lathu amadalira nyanja mwanjira ina. Ndipotu, takhala tikumva (zikomo kwa Dr. Sylvia Earle) kuti pafupifupi njira zonse zodzilamulira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dziko lapansi likhalepo ndi moyo zimakhudza nyanja m'njira inayake. Chifukwa chake, titha kusamutsa mtolo wa umboni ndi kutsutsa ena kuti ayeze nkhani zochepa zomwe sizidalira panyanja mosiyana ndi zathu. Koma, sitingasinthe malamulo amasewera mwanjira imeneyi.

Chifukwa chake, uthenga wabwino, poyambira, ndikuti mayiko khumi onse ali ndi zofanana zambiri pazomwe amalemba ngati chuma chawo chanyanja. Kuphatikiza apo, onse akuwoneka kuti atha kuvomerezana mosavuta pazigawo zina zamakampani owonjezera omwe ali gawo lazachuma zam'nyanja zomwe si onse omwe amakhala nazo (ndipo si onse omwe amalemba). Pali, komabe, magawo ena amakampani omwe ali ozungulira, osalunjika kapena "pang'ono" pazachuma zam'nyanja (munjira yamtundu uliwonse) [chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa data, chidwi ndi zina.]. Palinso magawo ena omwe akubwera (monga migodi ya pansi pa nyanja) omwe sanawonekeretu pazenera la radar.

Nkhani ndiyakuti kuyeza chuma cha m'nyanja kumagwirizana bwanji ndi kukhazikika? Tikudziwa kuti nkhani zaumoyo m'nyanja ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuthandizira moyo wathu. Popanda nyanja yathanzi palibe thanzi la munthu. Zokambiranazi zilinso zoona; ngati tipanga ndalama m'mafakitale okhazikika a m'nyanja (chuma cha buluu) tiwona phindu limodzi paumoyo wa anthu ndi moyo. Kodi tikuchita bwanji izi? Tikuyembekeza tanthauzo la chuma cha m'nyanja ndi chuma cha buluu, ndi/kapena mgwirizano wamakampani omwe timaphatikizapo, kuti tikwaniritse zomwe timayesa.

M'nkhani yake, Maria Corazon Ebarvia (woyang'anira polojekiti ya Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia), adapereka tanthauzo lodabwitsa la chuma cha buluu, chomwe chili chabwino monga momwe tawonera: tikufunafuna njira yokhazikika yochokera kunyanja. chitsanzo chazachuma chokhala ndi zomangamanga zabwino zachilengedwe, matekinoloje ndi machitidwe. Imodzi yomwe imazindikira kuti nyanja imapanga zinthu zachuma zomwe sizimawerengedwera nthawi zambiri (monga chitetezo cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kuchotsedwa kwa carbon); ndi, amayesa zotayika kuchokera ku chitukuko chosakhazikika, komanso kuyeza zochitika zakunja (mkuntho). Zonse kuti tithe kudziwa ngati chuma chathu chachilengedwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito mokhazikika pamene tikutsata kukula kwachuma.

Tanthauzo la ntchito lomwe tidabwera nalo linali motere:
Economy ya buluu, imatanthawuza njira yokhazikika yazachuma yochokera kunyanja yam'madzi ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga, matekinoloje ndi machitidwe abwino. thandizo limenelo chitukuko chokhazikika.

Sitikhala ndi chidwi ndi zakale ndi zatsopano, tili ndi chidwi chokhazikika ndi chosakhazikika. Pali olowa kumene muzachuma zam'nyanja zomwe ndi zabuluu / zokhazikika, ndipo pali mafakitale azikhalidwe akale omwe akusintha / kusintha. Momwemonso pali olowa kumene, monga migodi ya m'nyanja, yomwe ingakhale yosakhazikika.

Vuto lathu likadali loti kukhazikika sikumagwirizana mosavuta ndi ma code a magawo a mafakitale. Mwachitsanzo kusodza ndi kukonza nsomba kungaphatikizepo anthu ang'onoang'ono, okhazikika komanso ochita malonda akuluakulu omwe zida zawo ndi zowononga, zowononga, komanso zosakhazikika. Kuchokera ku kawonedwe kachitetezo, timadziwa zambiri za ochita zisudzo osiyanasiyana, zida ndi zina zambiri.

Tikufuna kusiya kunyalanyaza zachilengedwe za m'nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zimatipatsa mwayi wopeza chuma ndi malonda omwe amapindula kwambiri ndi moyo wa anthu, chitetezo cha chakudya ndi zina. Pambuyo pake, nyanja imatipatsa mpweya umene timapuma. Zimatipatsanso nsanja yoyendera, chakudya, mankhwala, ndi ntchito zina zambirimbiri zomwe sizingatchulidwe nthawi zonse ndi manambala anayi. Koma zizindikirozo ndi zina zoyesayesa kuzindikira chuma cha buluu wathanzi ndi kudalira kwathu pa izo zimapanga malo amodzi omwe tingawerengere zochitika za anthu ndi ubale wake ndi nyanja. Ndipo ngakhale tidakhala nthawi yambiri tili limodzi m'nyumba, kuyesetsa kumvetsetsa machitidwe osiyanasiyana m'zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana, Pacific inali pomwepo kutikumbutsa za kulumikizana kwathu, komanso udindo wathu wamba.

Kumapeto kwa sabata, tinagwirizana kuti tifunika kuyesetsa kwa nthawi yaitali 1) kumanga gulu lofanana lamagulu, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwika bwino komanso malo odziwika bwino kuti athe kuyeza chuma cha msika wam'nyanja; ndi 2) kufunafuna njira zoyezera ndalama zachirengedwe kuti zisonyeze ngati kukula kwachuma ndi kokhazikika kwa nthawi yaitali (ndi kuyamikira katundu ndi ntchito za chilengedwe), motero kuvomereza njira zoyenera pazochitika zilizonse. Ndipo, tiyenera kuyamba tsopano pa balance sheet kwa zinthu za m'nyanja. 

Gululi lidzafunsidwa mu kafukufuku yemwe posachedwa adzagawidwe, kuti asonyeze magulu ogwira ntchito omwe angalole kutenga nawo gawo chaka chamawa, monga kalambulabwalo wa kupanga ndondomeko ya msonkhano wa 2nd Annual Oceans in National Accounts ku China mu 2016 .

Ndipo, tinavomera kuyesa kuyesa izi pogwirizana polemba lipoti lodziwika bwino la mayiko onse. Ocean Foundation imanyadira kukhala gawo la zoyesayesa zamayiko osiyanasiyana kuthana ndi mdierekezi mwatsatanetsatane.

* Australia, Canada, China, France, Indonesia, Ireland, Korea, Philippines, Spain ndi USA