Deep Sea Mining - The Pacific Experiment

Kampani yamigodi yaku Canada ya Nautilus Minerals Inc. yadziŵika mbiri yake poyambitsa ntchito yoyamba padziko lonse ya migodi ya m'nyanja yakuya (DSM). Nyanja ya Bismarck ku Papua New Guinea yadziwika ngati malo oyesera teknoloji yomwe sinayambe yachitikapo. Makampani ena ambiri - ochokera ku Japan, China, Korea, UK, Canada, USA, Germany ndi Russian Federation - akudikirira kuti aone ngati Nautilus ingabweretse bwino zitsulo kuchokera pansi panyanja kuti zisungunuke asanagwetse okha. Apereka kale ziphaso zowunikira zomwe zimadutsa ma kilomita 1.5 miliyoni pamtunda wa nyanja ya Pacific. Kuphatikiza apo, zilolezo zowunikira tsopano zikuphatikizanso madera akulu a pansi pa nyanja ya Atlantic ndi Indian Ocean.

Kusokonezeka kumeneku kwa kufufuza kwa DSM kukuchitika ngati palibe maulamuliro olamulira kapena madera otetezera kuti ateteze zachilengedwe zapadera komanso zochepa zomwe sizidziwika bwino za m'nyanja yakuya komanso popanda kukambirana koyenera ndi anthu omwe adzakhudzidwa ndi DSM. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wasayansi wokhudza kukhudzidwa akadali ochepa kwambiri ndipo sapereka chitsimikizo chakuti thanzi la anthu am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi usodzi womwe amadalira adzakhala wotsimikizika.

Deep Sea Mining Campaign ndi bungwe la mabungwe ndi nzika zochokera ku Papua New Guinea, Australia ndi Canada zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zomwe DSM ingachitike pazachilengedwe zam'madzi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi madera. Zolinga za kampeniyi ndikupeza Chivomerezo Chaulere, Choyambirira komanso Chodziwitsidwa kuchokera kumadera omwe akhudzidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zodzitetezera.

Mwachidule timakhulupirira kuti:

▪ Madera omwe akhudzidwa akuyenera kutenga nawo mbali posankha ngati migodi ya m'nyanja yakuya ipitirire patsogolo ufulu wotsutsa migodi yomwe ikufunsidwa, Ndipo
▪ Kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti ziwonetsere kuti palibe madera kapena zachilengedwe zomwe zidzavutike kwakanthawi - asanalole kuti migodi iyambe.

Makampani awonetsa chidwi mu mitundu itatu ya DSM - migodi ya cobalt custs, ma polymetallic nodule, ndi ma depositi a seafloor massive sulphides. Ndilo lomaliza lomwe mosakayikira ndilokongola kwambiri kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ku migodi (okhala ndi zinki, mkuwa, siliva, golidi, lead ndi nthaka yosowa) - komanso amakangana kwambiri. Kukumba migodi ya sulfide yaikulu pansi pa nyanja ndiyomwe ingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe komanso chiwopsezo chachikulu cha thanzi kwa anthu am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zachilengedwe.

Ma sulphides akuluakulu a pansi pa nyanja amapangidwa mozungulira polowera mpweya wa hydrothermal - akasupe otentha omwe amapezeka m'mphepete mwa mapiri a pansi pa madzi. Kwa zaka zikwi zambiri mitambo yakuda ya zitsulo za sulfide yakhala ikutuluka m’mabowo, n’kukhazikika m’mitunda ikuluikulu yofikira matani mamiliyoni ambiri muunyinji wake.

zotsatira
Nautilus Minerals yapatsidwa chilolezo choyamba padziko lonse lapansi kuyendetsa mgodi wakuya wakuya. Ikukonzekera kuchotsa golide ndi mkuwa kuchokera pansi pa nyanja ya sulfides yaikulu mu Nyanja ya Bismarck ku PNG. Malo a mgodi wa Solwara 1 ali pamtunda wa makilomita 50 kuchokera ku tawuni ya Rabaul ku East New Britain ndi makilomita 30 kuchokera ku gombe la New Ireland Province. The DSM kampeni anatulutsa mwatsatanetsatane oceanographic kuwunika mu November 2012 zimene zikusonyeza kuti madera m'mphepete mwa nyanja akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo cha heavy metal poizoni chifukwa cha mmwamba-wellings ndi mafunde pa Solwara 1 malo.[1]

Zochepa kwambiri zimamvetsetseka pazovuta zomwe mgodi uliwonse wakuya wakuya wamunthu aliyense sangatchule kuchuluka kwa migodi yomwe ingapangidwe. Mikhalidwe yozungulira mpweya wa hydrothermal ndi wosiyana ndi kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi ndipo izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale zachilengedwe zapadera. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti mpweya wotuluka m’madzi ndi kumene zamoyo zinayambira padziko lapansi. Ngati ndi choncho, malowa ndi zachilengedwe izi zitha kupereka chidziwitso cha kusinthika kwa moyo. Sitikuyamba kumvetsetsa zamoyo zakuzama za m'nyanja zomwe zimakhala ndi malo opitilira 90% a mlengalenga. [2]

Ntchito iliyonse yamigodi ingawononge mwachindunji zikwizikwi za mpweya wotenthetsera mpweya ndi chilengedwe chake chapadera - ndi kuthekera kwenikweni kwakuti zamoyo zitha kutha zisanadziwike n'komwe. Ambiri amatsutsa kuti kuwonongedwa kwa ma vents okha kungapereke chifukwa chokwanira kuti asavomereze ntchito za DSM. Koma pali ziwopsezo zina zazikulu monga kuwopsa kwazitsulo zomwe zitha kulowa m'maketani a zakudya zam'madzi.

Maphunziro ndi mafanizidwe amafunikira kuti adziwe kuti ndi zitsulo ziti zomwe zidzatulutsidwe, mitundu yamankhwala yomwe idzakhalepo, momwe angapezere njira yolowera muzakudya, momwe zakudya zam'madzi zomwe zimadyedwa ndi anthu am'deralo zidzaipitsidwa, ndi zotsatirapo zotani izi. zitsulo zidzakhala ndi nsomba zofunikira m'deralo, dziko lonse ndi zigawo.

Mpaka nthawiyo njira yodzitetezera iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuletsa kuyika pa kufufuza ndi migodi ya mchere wa m'nyanja yakuya.

Mawu a anthu akutsutsa migodi ya m'nyanja yakuya
Kuyitana koyimitsa kuyesa migodi yam'madzi ku Pacific kukukulirakulira. Anthu a m’madera a ku Papua New Guinea ndi ku Pacific akutsutsana ndi malonda amene ali m’malire a dziko limeneli.[3] Izi zikuphatikiza kufotokoza kwa pempho loposa 24,000 siginecha ku boma la PNG kuyitanitsa maboma a Pacific kuti asiye migodi yoyeserera panyanja. [4]
M'mbiri ya PNG sikunakhalepo ndi lingaliro lachitukuko lomwe lidalimbikitsa kutsutsa kwakukulu kotere - kuchokera kwa oimira madera, ophunzira, atsogoleri a mipingo, mabungwe omwe si a boma, ophunzira, ogwira ntchito m'madipatimenti aboma ndi aphungu adziko ndi azigawo.

Azimayi aku Pacific adalimbikitsa uthenga wa 'stop experimental experimental seabed mining' pa msonkhano wapadziko lonse wa Rio+20 ku Brazil.[5] Tili ku New Zealand anthu asonkhana pamodzi kuti achite kampeni yolimbana ndi migodi ya mchenga wakuda ndi nyanja zawo zakuya. [6]
Mu March 2013, Pacific Conference of Churches 10th General Assembly inapereka chigamulo choletsa mitundu yonse ya kuyesa migodi ya nyanja ya Pacific.[7]

Komabe, zilolezo zofufuzira zikuperekedwa pamlingo wowopsa. Mawu ochulukirapo ayenera kumveka kuti aletse chidwi cha DSM kuti chisachitike.

Lumikizanani nafe:
Lowani nawo mndandanda wa e-Deep Sea Mining potumiza imelo ku: [imelo ndiotetezedwa]. Chonde tidziwitseni ngati inu kapena bungwe lanu lingafune kuti tigwirizane nafe.

Zambiri:
Tsamba lathu: www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org
Malipoti a Kampeni: http://www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/report
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/deepseaminingpacific
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NoDeepSeaMining
Youtube: http://youtube.com/StopDeepSeaMining

Zothandizira:
[1] Dr. John Luick, 'Physical Oceanographic Assessment of the Nautilus Environmental Impact Statement for the Solwara 1 Project - An Independent Review', Deep Sea Mining Campaign http://www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/report
[2] www.savethesea.org/STS%20ocean_facts.htm
[3] www.deepseaminingourofourdepth.org/community-testimonies
[4] www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/tag/petition/
[5] Ma NGOs aku Pacific akweza Campaign ya Oceans ku Rio+20, Island Business, June 15 2012,
www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/pacific-ngos-step-up-oceans-campaign-at-rio20
[6] kasm.org; deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/tag/new-zealand
[7] 'Kuyitanitsa kafukufuku wokhudza zotsatira', Dawn Gibson, 11 Marichi 2013, Fiji Times Online, www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=227482

Deep Sea Mining Campaign ndi ntchito ya The Ocean Foundation