MMPA ndi Dire Harm

Kwazaka makumi awiri ndi theka zapitazi, ndapereka mphamvu zanga kunyanja, ku moyo wamkati, komanso kwa anthu ambiri omwe amadzipatuliranso kuti apititse patsogolo cholowa chathu chanyanja. Zambiri mwa ntchito zomwe ndachita zikukhudza Marine Mammal Protection Act zomwe ndidachita Ndalemba kale.

Zaka makumi anayi ndi zisanu zapitazo, Purezidenti Nixon adasaina lamulo la Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) kuti likhale lamulo ndipo anayamba nkhani yatsopano ya ubale wa America ndi anamgumi, ma dolphin, dugongs, manatees, polar bears, otters, walrus, mikango yam'nyanja, ndi zisindikizo. zamitundu yonse. Si nkhani yangwiro. Si mitundu yonse yomwe ilipo m'madzi aku America ikuchira. Koma ambiri ali m’mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri kuposa mmene analili mu 1972, ndipo koposa zonse, m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazi taphunzira zambiri ponena za anansi athu a m’nyanja—mphamvu ya kugwirizana kwa mabanja awo, njira zawo zakusamuka, malo awo oberekerako ng’ombe, ndi ntchito yawo m’moyo. ukonde wa moyo, ndi kuthandizira kwawo pakuchotsa kaboni m'nyanja.

Galu wa Sea Lion ku Big Sur, California. Ngongole: Kace Rodriguez @ Unsplash

Taphunziranso za mphamvu yakuchira komanso kuwonjezeka kwachiwopsezo kosayembekezereka. Cholinga cha MMPA chinali kulola oyang'anira nyama zakuthengo kuganizira za chilengedwe chonse - mitundu yonse ya malo omwe nyama zam'madzi zimafunikira panthawi ya moyo wawo - malo odyetserako, malo opumira, malo olerera ana awo. Zikuoneka zosavuta, koma si. Nthawi zonse pali mafunso oti ayankhidwe.

Zambiri mwa zamoyozi zimasamuka pakapita nyengo - anamgumi omwe amaimba ku Hawaii m'nyengo yozizira amachititsa chidwi alendo okaona malo omwe amadyerako chilimwe ku Alaska. Kodi ali otetezeka bwanji m'njira yawo? Zamoyo zina zimafuna malo ponse paŵiri pamtunda ndi panyanja kaamba ka kusamuka kwawo ndi zosoŵa zawo—zimbalangondo za ku polar, walrus, ndi zina. Kodi chitukuko kapena zochitika zina zalepheretsa mwayi wawo?

Ndakhala ndikuganiza zambiri za MMPA chifukwa imayimira malingaliro athu apamwamba kwambiri okhudzana ndi ubale wamunthu ndi nyanja. Imalemekeza zolengedwa zomwe zimadalira madzi aukhondo a m'nyanja athanzi, magombe, ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pomwe imalola kuti zochita za anthu zipitirire, monga ngati kupita pang'onopang'ono kusukulu. Imayamikira zinthu zachilengedwe za ku America ndipo imayesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti cholowa chathu chofanana, katundu wathu wamba, sichivulazidwa chifukwa cha phindu la anthu. Imakhazikitsa njira zovuta koma nyanja ndizovuta komanso zofunikira za moyo mkati - monga momwe madera athu aumunthu alili ovuta, momwemonso amakwaniritsa zosowa za moyo mkati.

Komabe, pali ena omwe amayang'ana bungwe la MMPA ndi kunena kuti ndi cholepheretsa kupeza phindu, kuti si udindo wa boma kuteteza chuma cha boma, kuti chitetezo cha anthu chikhoza kusiyidwa kwa mabungwe omwe ali odzipereka kuti apindule kwambiri kuposa zonse. zina. Ameneŵa ndi anthu amene akuwoneka kuti apitirizabe ku chikhulupiriro chachilendo chakuti chuma cha m’nyanja chilibe malire—ngakhale kuti pali zikumbutso zosatha. Awa ndi anthu omwe akuwoneka kuti amakhulupirira kuti ntchito zosiyanasiyana zatsopano zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama zam'madzi za m'madzi si zenizeni; Mpweya wabwino ndi madziwo sizinathandize kuti anthu azipita patsogolo; ndi kuti mamiliyoni aku America amayamikira zinyama zawo zam'madzi monga gawo la cholowa chathu chofanana ndi cholowa chathu ku mibadwo yamtsogolo.

Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mawu apadera akamalepheretsa anthu kudziwa tsogolo la chuma cha boma. Amalankhula za kuwongolera - zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kudumpha masitepe kapena kufupikitsa nthawi kuti muwone zotsatira za zomwe akufuna kuchita. Mwayi woti anthu awunikenso ndi ndemanga. Mwayi woti otsutsa amve. Amakamba za kufewetsa zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza kudumpha zofunikira kuti achitepo kanthu kuti atsimikizire kuti zomwe akufuna kuchita sizidzavulaza Asanayambe kuchita. Amalankhula za chilungamo pomwe zomwe akutanthauza ndikuti akufuna kukulitsa phindu lawo pazolipira msonkho. Amasokoneza mwadala lingaliro lamtengo wapatali la ufulu wa katundu ndi chikhumbo chawo chofuna kubisa chuma chathu wamba kuti apindule nawo. Amayitanitsa kuti pakhale gawo losewerera kwa onse ogwiritsa ntchito nyanja - komabe gawo lomwe likuseweredwa liyenera kuganizira za omwe amafunikira nyanja kwa moyo wawo wonse komanso omwe akungofuna kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili pansipa.

Pali malingaliro ku Capitol Hill ndi m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza dipatimenti ya Zamagetsi, zomwe zingachepetse kuthekera kwa anthu kuti aganizire zakukula kwa nyanja yathu. Mayiko, mabungwe a federal, ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ataya mphamvu zawo zokakamira malamulo, kuchepetsa chiopsezo chawo, kapena kulandira gawo lawo la chipukuta misozi polola makampani azinsinsi kupindula ndi chuma chaboma. Pali malingaliro omwe amamasula makampaniwo ku udindo ndikuyika patsogolo ntchito zawo zamafakitale kuposa ntchito zina zonse — zokopa alendo, kuyang'ana anamgumi, usodzi, kusesa m’mphepete mwa nyanja, kusambira, kuyenda panyanja, ndi zina zotero.

Zachidziwikire, palibe kuchepa kwa ntchito kwa aliyense wa ife, kuphatikiza anzanga, gulu la The Ocean Foundation, ndi omwe amasamala. Ndipo, sikuti ndikuganiza kuti MPA ndiyabwino. Sanayembekezere mitundu ya kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa nyanja, chemistry ya m'nyanja, ndi kuya kwa nyanja komwe kungayambitse mikangano pomwe panalibepo kale. Sitinayembekezere kukula kwakukulu kwa zombo zapamadzi, komanso mikangano yomwe ingabwere chifukwa cha zombo zazikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi madoko okulirapo komanso kuyenda kochepa kwambiri. Sanayembekezere kufutukuka kodabwitsa kwa phokoso lopangidwa ndi anthu m'nyanja. MMPA yawonetsa kuti ndi yosinthika, komabe- yathandiza anthu kusiyanitsa chuma chawo m'njira zosayembekezereka. Zathandiza kuti nyama zoyamwitsa zam'madzi zibwererenso. Lapereka nsanja yopangira matekinoloje atsopano kuti zochita za anthu zisakhale ndi chiopsezo chochepa.

Mwina chofunika kwambiri, MMPA imasonyeza kuti America ndiyo yoyamba kuteteza zinyama zam'madzi - ndipo mayiko ena atsatira chitsogozo chathu popanga njira zotetezeka, kapena malo opatulika apadera, kapena kuchepetsa kukolola mopanda phindu komwe kunaika pangozi moyo wawo. Ndipo tinatha kutero ndipo tidakali ndi kukula kwachuma ndi kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu ochuluka. Pamene tikuvutika kuti timangenso anthu am'mphepete mwa nyanja ya North Atlantic right whales kapena Belugas of Cook Inlet, ndipo pamene tikuyesetsa kuthana ndi imfa zosamvetsetseka za nyama zam'madzi zochokera kumtunda ndi magwero ena a anthu, tikhoza kuima pa mfundo zazikuluzikulu zotetezera chuma chathu cha anthu. mibadwo yamtsogolo.