Moyo Wam'nyanja Ungathandize Kuchepetsa Kusintha Kwa Nyengo: Phunziro Latsopano

Nyama zamoyo zimasunga carbon. Ngati mutenga nsomba m'nyanja ndi kuidya, mpweya wa carbon womwe uli mu nsombayo umachoka m'nyanja. Oceanic buluu carbon amatanthauza njira zachilengedwe zomwe zamoyo zam'madzi (osati nsomba zokha) zingathandizire kutchera msampha ndikuchotsa mpweya, zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo.

M'nyanja, mpweya umayenda kudzera muzakudya. Imakonzedwa koyamba kudzera mu photosynthesis ndi phytoplankton pamwamba. Kupyolera mukumwa, mpweyawo umasamutsidwa ndikusungidwa m'matupi a zamoyo zam'madzi zomwe zimadya zomera monga krill. Kupyolera mu kudyetsedwa, mpweya umachulukana mu zinyama zazikulu zam'madzi monga sardines, sharks, ndi anamgumi.

Anangumi amaunjikira mpweya m’matupi awo pa moyo wawo wautali, ndipo ena mwa iwo amakhala zaka 200. Akafa, amamira pansi pa nyanja, n’kutenga carbon. Research zikuwonetsa kuti chinsomba chilichonse chimakhala chozungulira matani 33 a carbon dioxide pafupifupi. Mtengo nthawi yomweyo umangothandizira 3 peresenti ya kuyamwa kwa kaboni wa whale.

Zamoyo zina zam'madzi zimasunga mpweya wochepa kwa nthawi yochepa. Mphamvu zawo zonse zosungirako zimadziwika kuti "biomass carbon". Kuteteza ndi kupititsa patsogolo malo osungiramo buluu a buluu m'madzi a m'madzi a m'nyanja kungayambitse kusamala komanso kuchepetsa kusintha kwa nyengo.

Kafukufuku woyeserera wachitika posachedwa ku United Arab Emirates (UAE) kuti athandizire kumvetsetsa kaboni wabuluu wapanyanja pothana ndi vuto lakusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuthandizira kusodza kosatha ndi mfundo zapanyanja.

Ntchito yoyeserera ya UAE idayendetsedwa ndi Abu-Dhabi Global Environmental Data Initiative (AGEDI), ndipo idathandizidwa ndi thandizo la ndalama kuchokera ku Blue Climate Solutions, pulojekiti ya The Ocean Foundation, ndi United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) kudzera GRID-Arendal, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ndikuchita Global Environment Facility Blue Forest Project.

Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito ma data ndi njira zomwe zilipo kale kuti ayese ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa nsomba, cetaceans, dugongs, akamba am'nyanja, ndi mbalame za m'nyanja zomwe zimakhala m'gawo la m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku UAE kuti zisunge ndikusunga mpweya.

"Kuwunikaku kukuyimira kafukufuku woyamba padziko lonse lapansi wa oceanic blue carbon audit ndi kuwunika kwa ndondomeko padziko lonse lapansi ndipo zilola mabungwe oyenerera ndi oyang'anira ku UAE kuti ayese njira zomwe zingatheke kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo za carbon blue carbon m'madera ndi m'mayiko," akutero. Ahmed Abdulmuttaleb Baharoon, Acting Director wa AGEDI. "Ntchitoyi ndi kuzindikira kwakukulu kwa kuthekera kwa kusungidwa ndi kusamalira bwino zamoyo zam'madzi kuti zizindikire ngati njira yofunikira yochokera ku chilengedwe ku vuto la nyengo padziko lonse," akuwonjezera.

Biomass carbon ndi imodzi mwa izo njira zisanu ndi zinayi zozindikirika za buluu wa buluu wa carbon momwe zamoyo zam'madzi zimatha kukhala mkhalapakati wosungira kaboni ndi kulanda.

UAE oceanic blue carbon audit

Cholinga chimodzi cha kafukufuku wa UAE chinali kuyesa masitolo a carbon vertebrate biomass carbon molunjika ku Abu Dhabi emirate, yomwe zambiri zomwe zinalipo kale zinalipo.

Mphamvu yosungiramo mpweya wa biomass idawunikidwa m'njira ziwiri. Choyamba, kutayika kwa mphamvu yosungiramo mpweya wa carbon dioxide kunayesedwa popenda deta ya nsomba za nsomba. Chachiwiri, mphamvu zomwe zilipo panopa zosungiramo mpweya wa carbon (ie, biomass carbon standing stock) za nyama za m'nyanja, akamba am'nyanja ndi mbalame za m'nyanja zinayesedwa pofufuza kuchuluka kwa deta. Chifukwa chosowa deta ya kuchuluka kwa nsomba pa nthawi yowunikira, nsomba sizinaphatikizidwe pamalingaliro a biomass carbon stand stock, koma detayi iyenera kuphatikizidwa mu maphunziro amtsogolo.

Kafukufukuyu akuti mchaka cha 2018, matani 532 a kuthekera kosungirako mpweya wa biomass adatayika chifukwa cha kusodza. Izi zikufanana ndi matani apano a 520 amafuta am'madzi am'madzi, akamba am'nyanja ndi mbalame zam'madzi ku Abu Dhabi emirate.

Katunduyu ali ndi ma dugongs (51%), akamba am'nyanja (24%), ma dolphin (19%), ndi mbalame za m'nyanja (6%). Mwa mitundu 66 yomwe yafufuzidwa (mitundu 53 ya usodzi, mitundu itatu ya nyama zam'madzi, mitundu iwiri ya akamba am'nyanja, ndi mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya mbalame za m'nyanja) mu kafukufukuyu, zisanu ndi zitatu (12%) zili ndi malo osatetezeka kapena apamwamba.

"Biomass carbon - ndi oceanic blue carbon nthawi zambiri - ndi imodzi mwazinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi zamoyozi ndipo motero siziyenera kuwonedwa paokha kapena m'malo mwa njira zina zotetezera," akutero Heidi Pearson, katswiri wa zinyama zam'madzi. University of Alaska Southeast ndi wolemba wamkulu wa biomass carbon study. 

"Kuteteza ndi kupititsa patsogolo malo ogulitsa kaboni zamoyo zam'madzi zitha kukhala imodzi mwa njira zambiri zokonzekera kuteteza komanso kuchepetsa kusintha kwanyengo ku UAE," akuwonjezera.

Mark Spalding, Purezidenti wa The Ocean Foundation anati: “Zotsatirazi zikutsimikizira kuti anamgumi ndi zamoyo zina za m’madzi n’zothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi nyengo. "Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu padziko lonse lapansi aziwona umboniwu ngati gawo limodzi la kuyesetsa kwawo kuthana ndi kubwezeretsa zamoyo zam'madzi ndikuthana ndi kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi," akuwonjezera.

Oceanic blue carbon policy assessment

Cholinga china cha polojekitiyi chinali kufufuza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mpweya wa buluu wa oceanic monga chida cha ndondomeko yothandizira kayendetsedwe kabwino ka zinthu za m'nyanja ndi kulimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Kafukufukuyu adafufuzanso anthu 28 okhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'madzi kuti awone zomwe akudziwa, malingaliro, ndi malingaliro a lingaliro la oceanic blue carbon ndi kufunika kwake ku ndondomeko. Kuwunika kwa ndondomekoyi kunapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya carbon oceanic blue carbon ili ndi ndondomeko yokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, kasamalidwe ka zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, ndi kayendetsedwe ka usodzi m'mayiko, madera, ndi mayiko ena.

"Ambiri mwa omwe adachita nawo kafukufuku adavomereza kuti kuzindikira padziko lonse lapansi kufunika kwa kaboni wabuluu wa buluu kuyenera kuonjezedwa komanso kuti kuphatikizidwe mu njira zotetezera komanso kuchepetsa kusintha kwanyengo," akutero Steven Lutz, katswiri wa buluu wa kaboni ku GRID-Arendal komanso kutsogolera. mlembi wa kuwunika kwa ndondomeko. "Ngakhale kufunikira kochepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni, kafukufukuyu akutsimikizira kuti kusungirako zinthu zam'madzi monga njira yochepetsera nyengo ndikotheka, kulandilidwa bwino komanso kuli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu," akuwonjezera.

Isabelle Vanderbeck, katswiri wa zamoyo za m’madzi wa bungwe la United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) anati: “Zimenezi n’zoyamba padziko lonse ndipo zikuthandizira kwambiri kukambirana nkhani zokhudza kasungidwe ka nyanja ndi kasamalidwe ka nyanja polimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

"Oceanic blue carbon ingakhale imodzi mwazinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njira zochepetsera kusintha kwa nyengo, usodzi wokhazikika, ndondomeko yotetezera, ndi mapulani a malo a m'nyanja. Kafukufukuyu amachepetsa kwambiri kusiyana pakati pa malamulo osamalira nyanja ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndipo n'koyenera kwambiri ku zochitika zapanyanja zomwe zikuyembekezeka kukambidwa pamsonkhano wa chaka chino wa United Nations wokhudza kusintha kwanyengo mu Novembala," akuwonjezera.

The United Nations Zaka khumi za Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) yomwe idalengezedwa mu Disembala 2017, ipereka njira zofananira zowonetsetsa kuti sayansi yam'nyanja ikhoza kuthandizira zomwe mayiko akuchita kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino nyanja zam'nyanja komanso makamaka kuti akwaniritse Agenda ya 2030 ya Chitukuko Chokhazikika.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, lemberani Steven Lutz (GRID-Arendal): [imelo ndiotetezedwa] kapena Gabriel Grimsditch (UNEP): [imelo ndiotetezedwa] kapena Isabelle Vanderbeck (UNEP): [imelo ndiotetezedwa]