BWINO KUTI KAFUFUZENI

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo

1. Introduction
2. Zofunikira za Ocean Acidification
3. Zotsatira za Kuchuluka kwa Asidi m'nyanja pamadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja
4. Kusungunuka kwa M'nyanja ndi Zomwe Zingatheke pa Zamoyo Zam'madzi
5. Zothandizira kwa Aphunzitsi
6. Maupangiri a Ndondomeko ndi Zofalitsa za Boma
7. Zowonjezera Zowonjezera

1. Introduction

Nyanja imatenga gawo lalikulu la mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide, womwe ukusintha chemistry ya m'nyanja kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zinthu zonse zotulutsa mpweya m'zaka 200 zapitazi zatengedwa ndi nyanja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pH yamadzi a m'nyanja ikhale yochepa ndi pafupifupi 0.1 unit - kuchokera pa 8.2 mpaka 8.1. Kusinthaku kwayambitsa kale kukhudzidwa kwakanthawi kochepa pa zomera ndi nyama zam'nyanja. Zotsatira zomaliza, zanthawi yayitali za nyanja yochulukira acidic zitha kudziwika, koma zoopsa zomwe zingakhalepo ndizambiri. Kuchuluka kwa asidi m'nyanja ndi vuto lomwe likukulirakulira chifukwa mpweya woipa wa anthropogenic ukupitilizabe kusintha mlengalenga ndi nyengo. Akuti pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lino, padzakhala dontho lina la magawo 0.2-0.3.

Kodi Ocean Acidification ndi chiyani?

Mawu akuti ocean acidification nthawi zambiri samatanthauzidwa molakwika chifukwa cha dzina lake lovuta. 'Kuchuluka kwa asidi m'nyanja kungatanthauzidwe kukhala kusintha kwamadzi a m'nyanja koyendetsedwa ndi madzi a m'nyanja omwe amalowa mumlengalenga kuphatikizapo carbon, nitrogen, ndi sulfur compounds.' M'mawu osavuta, apa ndi pamene owonjezera CO₂ umasungunuka pamwamba pa nyanja, kusintha chemistry ya m'nyanja. Chomwe chimayambitsa izi ndi chifukwa cha zochitika za anthropogenic monga kuwotcha mafuta oyaka mafuta komanso kusintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka komwe kumatulutsa mpweya wambiri wa CO.₂. Malipoti monga la IPCC Special Report on Oceans and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate asonyeza kuti nyanjayi ikuchulukana kwambiri ndi mpweya wa CO.₂ chawonjezeka m’zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazi. Pakadali pano, atmospheric CO₂ ndende ndi ~ 420ppmv, mulingo womwe sunawonedwe kwa zaka zosachepera 65,000. Chodabwitsa ichi nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa ocean acidification, kapena "CO₂ vuto,” kuwonjezera pa kutentha kwa nyanja. Global surface ocean pH yatsika kale ndi mayunitsi opitilira 0.1 kuyambira nthawi ya Industrial Revolution, ndipo bungwe la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios likuneneratu kutsika kwamtsogolo kwa mayunitsi a pH 0.3 mpaka 0.5 padziko lonse lapansi pofika chaka cha 2100, ngakhale kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kumasinthasintha ndi dera.

Nyanja yonseyo idzakhalabe yamchere, yokhala ndi pH pamwamba pa 7. Nanga n’chifukwa chiyani imatchedwa ocean acidification? Pamene CO₂ imakhudzidwa ndi madzi a m'nyanja, imakhala carbonic acid, yomwe imakhala yosakhazikika. Molekyuyi imakhudzidwanso ndi madzi a m'nyanja potulutsa H⁺ ion kukhala bicarbonate. Pamene akumasula H⁺ ion, pamakhala zochulukirapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa pH. Choncho kupangitsa madzi kukhala acidic kwambiri.

Kodi pH Scale ndi chiyani?

Mulingo wa pH ndi kuyeza kwa ma ion a haidrojeni aulere mu yankho. Ngati pali ayoni wambiri wa haidrojeni, yankho limatengedwa ngati acidic. Ngati pali otsika ndende ya ayoni wa haidrojeni poyerekezera ndi ayoni wa hydroxide, yankho limatengedwa kuti ndilofunika. Mukagwirizanitsa zopezazi ndi mtengo, muyeso wa pH uli pamlingo wa logarithmic (kusintha kwa 10) kuchokera ku 0-14. Chilichonse chomwe chili pansi pa 7 chimatengedwa ngati chofunikira, ndipo pamwamba pake chimatengedwa ngati acidic. Monga pH sikelo ndi logarithmic, kutsika kwagawo mu pH kumakhala kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity kakhumi. Chitsanzo kwa ife anthu kuti timvetsetse izi ndikufanizira ndi pH ya magazi athu, yomwe pafupifupi imakhala pafupifupi 7.40. Ngati pH yathu ingasinthe, tingakhale ndi vuto la kupuma ndikuyamba kudwala kwambiri. Izi zikufanana ndi zomwe zamoyo zam'madzi zimakumana ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha acidity ya m'nyanja.

Kodi Kuchuluka kwa Ocean Acid Kumakhudza Bwanji Zamoyo Zam'madzi?

Kuchuluka kwa asidi m'nyanja kumatha kuwononga zamoyo zina zam'madzi, monga mollusks, coccolithophores, foraminifera, ndi ma pteropods omwe amapanga biogenic calcium carbonate. Calcite ndi aragonite ndi mchere waukulu wa carbonate womwe umapangidwa ndi ma calcifiers apanyanja. Kukhazikika kwa mcherewu kumadalira kuchuluka kwa CO2 m'madzi ndipo pang'ono ndi kutentha. Pamene kuchuluka kwa anthropogenic CO2 kukukulirakulira, kukhazikika kwa mchere wa biogenic uku kumachepa. Pamene pali kuchuluka kwa H⁺ ma ion m'madzi, imodzi mwazomangamanga za calcium carbonate, ma ion carbonate (CO₃^2-) adzamanga mosavuta ndi ayoni wa haidrojeni m'malo mwa ayoni a calcium. Kuti ma calcifiers apangitse mapangidwe a calcium carbonate, amayenera kuthandizira kumangirira kwa carbonate ndi calcium, zomwe zingakhale zokwera mtengo kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zamoyo zina zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa ziwerengero zowerengera komanso / kapena kuwonjezereka kwa kusungunuka zikakumana ndi tsogolo la acidity ya m'nyanja.  (chidziwitso chochokera ku yunivesite ya Plymouth).

Ngakhale zamoyo zomwe sizikhala zowerengera zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi acidity ya m'nyanja. Lamulo lamkati la acid-base lomwe limafunikira kuti lithane ndi kusintha kwamadzi am'nyanja akunja limatha kupatutsa mphamvu kuchokera kuzinthu zofunikira, monga metabolism, kuberekana, komanso kuzindikira zachilengedwe. Maphunziro a zamoyo akupitirizabe kukonzedwa kuti amvetsetse zovuta zonse zomwe zingatheke chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo za m'nyanja pakukula kwa zamoyo zam'madzi.

Komabe, zotsatira zake sizingakhale zamtundu uliwonse. Mavuto ngati awa akabuka, ukonde wa chakudya umasokonezeka nthawi yomweyo. Ngakhale kuti sizingawoneke ngati vuto lalikulu kwa ife anthu, timadalira zamoyo zolimbazi kuti ziwotchere miyoyo yathu. Ngati sakupanga kapena kupanga moyenera, zotsatira za domino zitha kuchitika pa intaneti yonse yazakudya, zomwezi zimachitikanso. Pamene asayansi ndi ofufuza amvetsetsa zowononga zomwe acidization ya m'nyanja ingakhale nayo, mayiko, opanga malamulo, ndi madera ayenera kukumana kuti achepetse zotsatira zake.

Kodi The Ocean Foundation Ikuchita Chiyani Ponena za Ocean Acidification?

Bungwe la Ocean Foundation la International Ocean Acidification Initiative limathandiza asayansi, opanga mfundo, ndi madera kuti azitha kuyang'anira, kumvetsetsa, ndi kuyankha ku OA komweko komanso mogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi. Timachita izi popanga zida zothandiza komanso zothandizira zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Kuti mumve zambiri za momwe The Ocean Foundation ikugwirira ntchito kuthana ndi Ocean Acidification chonde pitani ku Tsamba la International Ocean Acidification Initiative. Timalimbikitsanso kuyendera The Ocean Foundation pachaka Tsamba latsamba la Ocean Acidification Day of Action. Bungwe la Ocean Foundation Ocean Acidification Guidebook for Policymakers idapangidwa kuti ipereke zitsanzo zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale zamalamulo ndi zilankhulo kuti zithandizire kulembedwa kwa malamulo atsopano kuthana ndi acidity ya m'nyanja, Buku Lotsogolera likupezeka mukafunsidwa.

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2. Basic Resources pa Ocean Acidification

Kuno ku The Ocean Foundation, International Ocean Acidification Initiative imakulitsa mphamvu za asayansi, opanga mfundo, ndi madera kuti amvetsetse ndikufufuza za OA pamlingo wamba komanso wapadziko lonse lapansi. Timanyadira ntchito yathu yowonjezera mphamvu kudzera mu maphunziro apadziko lonse, chithandizo cha nthawi yaitali ndi zipangizo, ndi ndalama zothandizira kuwunikira ndi kufufuza kosalekeza.

Cholinga chathu mkati mwa ntchito ya OA ndikuti dziko lililonse likhale ndi njira zowunikira komanso zochepetsera OA motsogozedwa ndi akatswiri amderali ndi zosowa. Pomwe ndikugwirizanitsa ntchito zachigawo ndi mayiko kuti apereke ulamuliro wofunikira komanso thandizo la ndalama zomwe zikufunika kuthana ndi vutoli padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchitoyi takwanitsa kuchita izi:

• Adayika zida 17 za zida zowunikira m'maiko 16
• Anatsogolera maphunziro 8 amchigawo ndi asayansi opitilira 150 ochokera padziko lonse lapansi
• Lasindikiza bukhu lachitsogozo la malamulo okhudza acidity m'nyanja
• Anapanga zida zatsopano zowunikira zomwe zidachepetsa mtengo wowunikira ndi 90%
• Anapereka ndalama zothandizira mapulojekiti awiri obwezeretsanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti aphunzire momwe mpweya wa buluu, monga mangrove ndi udzu wa m'nyanja, ungachepetsere acidity ya m'nyanja kwanuko.
• Anapanga maubwenzi okhazikika ndi maboma a mayiko ndi mabungwe apakati pa maboma kuti athandize kugwirizanitsa ntchito zazikulu
• Kuthandizidwa popereka zigamulo ziwiri zachigawo kudzera mu njira zovomerezeka za UN kuti zilimbikitse chidwi

Izi ndi zochepa chabe mwa mfundo zazikulu zomwe ntchito yathu yakwanitsa kuchita m’zaka zingapo zapitazi. Zida zofufuzira za OA, zotchedwa "Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network in a Box," akhala mwala wapangodya wa ntchito ya IOAI. Ntchitozi zimakhazikitsa nthawi zambiri zowunikira zam'madzi zam'madzi m'dziko lililonse ndikulola ofufuza kuti awonjezere kafukufuku kuti aphunzire zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzi am'madzi monga nsomba ndi ma coral. Ntchitozi zomwe zathandizidwa ndi GOA-ON mu Box kit zathandizira pa kafukufukuyu chifukwa ena omwe adalandira maphunzirowa adapeza digiri yomaliza maphunziro awo kapena kupanga ma lab awoawo.

Ocean Acidification amatanthauza kuchepetsedwa kwa pH ya m'nyanja kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri zaka makumi kapena kupitilira apo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutengeka kwa CO₂ kuchokera mumlengalenga, komanso zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera kapena zochotsa m'nyanja. Choyambitsa kwambiri cha OA m'dziko lamasiku ano ndi chifukwa cha zochitika za anthropogenic kapena m'mawu osavuta, zochita za anthu. Pamene CO₂ imakhudzidwa ndi madzi a m'nyanja, imakhala asidi yofooka, imapanga kusintha kosiyanasiyana mu chemistry. Izi zimawonjezera ayoni a bicarbonate [HCO₃^-] ndi kaboni wosungunuka (C_t), ndi kuchepetsa pH.

Kodi pH ndi chiyani? Mulingo wa acidity wa m'nyanja womwe ungafotokozedwe pogwiritsa ntchito masikelo osiyanasiyana: National Bureau of Standards (pH_NBSmadzi am'nyanja (pH_sws), ndi chiwerengero (pH_t) mamba. Chiwerengero chonse (pH_t) amalimbikitsidwa (Dickinson, 2007) ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Hurd, C., Lenton, A., Tilbrook, B. & Boyd, P. (2018). Kumvetsetsa kwaposachedwa komanso zovuta zam'nyanja zam'madzi apamwamba-CO₂ dziko. Chilengedwe. Zabwezedwa kuchokera https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0211-0

Ngakhale kuti acidization ya m'nyanja ndizochitika padziko lonse lapansi, kuzindikira kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa madera kwachititsa kuti pakhale maukonde owonera. Mavuto amtsogolo mu apamwamba-CO₂ dziko limaphatikizanso kupanga kwabwinoko komanso kuyezetsa mozama kwa kusintha, kuchepetsa, ndi njira zothanirana nazo kuti muthetse zotsatira za acidity ya m'nyanja.

National Caucus of Environmental Legislators. NCEL Fact sheet: Ocean Acidification.

Tsamba lofotokoza mfundo zazikuluzikulu, malamulo, ndi zina zokhudzana ndi acidity ya m'nyanja.

Amaratunga, C. 2015. Kodi mdierekezi ndi chiyani ocean acidification (OA) ndipo chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kusamala? Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response Network (MEOPAR). Canada.

Mkonzi wa alendowa akufotokoza za kuyitanidwa kwa asayansi apanyanja ndi mamembala amakampani opanga zamoyo zam'madzi ku Victoria, BC pomwe atsogoleri adakambirana za vuto la acidity ya m'nyanja ndi zotsatira zake panyanja zaku Canada komanso zamoyo zam'madzi.

Eisler, R. (2012). Ocean Acidification: Chidule Chachidule. Enfield, NH: Ofalitsa Sayansi.

Bukhuli likuwunikiranso zolemba zomwe zilipo komanso kafukufuku wa OA, kuphatikiza mbiri yakale ya pH ndi mpweya wa CO₂ milingo ndi magwero achilengedwe ndi anthropogenic a CO₂. Ulamuliro ndi wodziwika bwino pakuwunika zoopsa za mankhwala, ndipo bukuli likufotokozera mwachidule zotsatira zenizeni komanso zoyembekezeredwa za acidity ya m'nyanja.

Gattuso, J.-P. ndi L. Hansson. Eds. (2012). Ocean Acidization. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN- 978-0-19-959108-4

Ocean Acidification ndivuto lomwe likukulirakulira ndipo bukuli limathandiza kuthetsa vutoli. Bukhuli ndilofunika kwambiri kwa akatswiri a maphunziro chifukwa ndilolemba la kafukufuku ndipo limapanga kafukufuku wamakono wokhudzana ndi zotsatira za OA, ndi cholinga chodziwitsa zonse zomwe zidzachitike patsogolo pa kafukufuku ndi ndondomeko ya kayendetsedwe ka nyanja.

Gattuso, J.-P., J. Orr, S. Pantoja. H.-O. Portner, U. Riebesell, & T. Trull (Eds.). (2009). Nyanja mu dziko lapamwamba la CO2 II. Gottingen, Germany: Copernicus Publications. http://www.biogeosciences.net/ special_issue44.html

Nkhani yapaderayi ya Biogeosciences ikuphatikiza zolemba zasayansi zopitilira 20 zokhudzana ndi chemistry ya m'nyanja komanso momwe OA imakhudzira zachilengedwe zam'madzi.

Turley, C. ndi K. Boot, 2011: Mavuto a nyanja ya acidification omwe amakumana ndi sayansi ndi anthu. Mu: Ocean Acidification [Gattuso, J.-P. ndi L. Hansson (eds.)]. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 249-271

Chitukuko cha anthu chapita patsogolo kwambiri m'zaka zapitazi ndi zotsatira zabwino ndi zoipa pa chilengedwe. Pamene chiŵerengero cha anthu chikuchulukirachulukira, anthu akhala akupanga ndi kupanga matekinoloje atsopano kuti apitirizebe kupeza chuma. Pamene cholinga chachikulu ndi chuma, nthawi zina zotsatira za zochita zawo sizimaganiziridwa. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa chuma cha mapulaneti ndi kuchulukana kwa mpweya kwasintha chemistry ya mumlengalenga ndi nyanja kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu. Chifukwa chakuti anthu ndi amphamvu kwambiri, nyengo ikakhala pachiwopsezo, takhala tikuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndikuchotsa zowonongeka izi ndikupanga zabwino. Chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha zotsatira zoipa pa chilengedwe, mapangano ndi malamulo apadziko lonse ayenera kupangidwa kuti dziko likhale lathanzi. Atsogoleri a ndale ndi asayansi akuyenera kukumana pamodzi kuti adziwe nthawi yomwe akuyenera kulowererapo kuti athetse mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo.

Mathis, JT, JN Cross, ndi NR Bates, 2011: Kuphatikizira kupanga koyambirira ndi kusefukira kwapadziko lapansi ku acidification ya nyanja ndi kuponderezedwa kwa mchere wa carbonate kum'mawa kwa Bering Sea. Zolemba za Geophysical Research, 116, C02030, doi:10.1029/2010JC006453.

Kuyang'ana kusungunuka kwa organic carbon (DIC) ndi kuchuluka kwa alkalinity, kuchuluka kofunikira kwa mchere wa carbonate ndi pH kumatha kuwonedwa. Deta yasonyeza kuti calcite ndi aragonite zakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mtsinje wamtsinje, kupanga koyambirira, ndi kukonzanso zinthu zamoyo. Mchere wofunikira wa carbonate udatsitsidwa pansi pamadzi kuchokera ku zochitika izi zomwe zimachokera ku anthropogenic carbon dioxide m'nyanja.

Gattuso, J.-P. Ocean Acidization. (2011) Villefranche-sur-mer Developmental Biological Laboratory.

Chidule chachidule cha masamba atatu cha acidization ya m'nyanja, nkhaniyi ikupereka maziko a chemistry, pH scale, dzina, mbiri, ndi zotsatira za acidification ya m'nyanja.

Harrould-Kolieb, E., M. Hirshfield, & A. Brosius. (2009). Ma Emitters Aakulu Pakati pa Ovuta Kwambiri ndi Ocean Acidification. Oceana.

Kusanthula uku kukuwonetsa kusatetezeka komanso kukhudzidwa kwa OA m'maiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi kutengera kukula kwa nsomba ndi nkhono zomwe amapha, kuchuluka kwa nsomba zam'madzi, kuchuluka kwa miyala yamchere mkati mwa EEZ, komanso kuchuluka kwa OA m'magawo awo. madzi a m’mphepete mwa nyanja m’chaka cha 2050. Lipotilo linanena kuti mayiko okhala ndi madera akuluakulu a m’mphepete mwa nyanja zamchere, kapena kugwira ndi kudya nsomba zambiri ndi nkhono zambiri, ndipo amene ali m’madera okwera kwambiri ndi amene ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha OA.

Doney, SC, VJ Fabry, RA Feely, ndi JA Kleypas, 2009: Ocean acidization: Zina za CO₂ vuto. Ndemanga Yapachaka ya Sayansi Yapanyanja, 1, 169-192, doi:10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163834.

Pamene mpweya woipa wa anthropogenic ukuwonjezeka kusintha kwa carbonate chemistry kumachitika. Izi zimasintha kayendedwe ka biogeochemical kazinthu zofunikira zamankhwala monga aragonite ndi calcite, kuchepetsa kuberekana koyenera kwa zamoyo zolimba. Mayesero a labu awonetsa kuchepa kwa calcification ndi kukula.

Dickson, AG, Sabine, CL ndi Christian, JR (Eds.) 2007. Upangiri wamachitidwe abwino oyezera CO2 m'nyanja. PICES Buku Lapadera 3, 191 pp.

Miyezo ya carbon dioxide ndiyo maziko a kafukufuku wa acidity ya m'nyanja. Limodzi mwa maupangiri abwino kwambiri oyezera linapangidwa ndi gulu la sayansi la US Department of Energy (DOE) kaamba ka projekiti yawo yochita kafukufuku woyamba wapadziko lonse wa carbon dioxide m’nyanja. Masiku ano kalozerayu akusungidwa ndi National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

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3. Zotsatira za Kuchuluka kwa Asidi m'nyanja pamadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja

Ocean acidification imakhudza ntchito yofunikira ya zamoyo zam'madzi ndi zachilengedwe. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti acidity ya m'nyanjayi idzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwa anthu am'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe amadalira chitetezo cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja, usodzi, ndi ulimi wam'madzi. Pamene acidity ya m'nyanja ikukwera m'nyanja zapadziko lapansi, padzakhala kusintha kwa ulamuliro wa macroalgal, kuwonongeka kwa malo, ndi kuwonongeka kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Anthu okhala m'madera otentha ndi otentha ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ndalama zochokera kunyanja. Kafukufuku yemwe amawunika zotsatira za acidity ya m'nyanja pazambiri za nsomba zomwe zapezeka zikuwonetsa kusintha koyipa kwa kununkhiza, kutulutsa, ndi kuyankha kwapamadzi (zolembedwa pansipa). Zosinthazi zidzaphwanya maziko ofunikira azachuma komanso chilengedwe. Ngati anthu akanatha kuwona zosintha izi, chidwi chochepetsa mitengo ya CO₂ utsi ungakhale wosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zafufuzidwa pamwambapa. Akuti ngati zotsatirazi zipitilira kukhudzanso nsombazi, pakhoza kukhala madola mamiliyoni mazana ambiri omwe amatayika pachaka pofika 2060.

Pambali pa zausodzi, coral reef ecotourism imabweretsa ndalama zokwana madola mamiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse. Anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja amadalira ndi kudalira matanthwe a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti apeze zofunika pamoyo wawo. Ayerekezedwa kuti pamene asidi a m’nyanja akuwonjezerekabe, zotulukapo za matanthwe a m’matanthwe zidzakhala zolimba, motero kucheperachepera kwa thanzi lawo kumene kudzachititsa kuti pafupifupi madola 870 biliyoni atayike pachaka ndi 2100. Izi zokha ndizo zotsatira za acidification ya m’nyanja. Ngati asayansi awonjezera zotsatira zophatikizana za izi, ndi kutentha, kutulutsa mpweya, ndi zina zambiri, zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zowononga kwambiri pazachuma komanso zachilengedwe kwa anthu am'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Moore, C. ndi Fuller J. (2022). Zotsatira za Economic za Ocean Acidification: Meta-Analysis. University of Chicago Press Journals. Marine Resource Economics Vol. 32, No. 2

Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuwunika kwa zotsatira za OA pazachuma. Zotsatira za usodzi, zamoyo zam'madzi, zosangalatsa, chitetezo cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi zizindikiro zina zachuma zinawunikiridwa kuti mudziwe zambiri za zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za acidity ya m'nyanja. Kafukufukuyu adapeza maphunziro 20 okwana 2021 omwe adasanthula momwe chuma chikuyendera chifukwa cha acidization ya m'nyanja, komabe, 11 okha omwe anali olimba kuti awonedwe ngati maphunziro odziyimira pawokha. Mwa izi, ambiri amayang'ana kwambiri misika ya mollusk. Olembawo amamaliza phunziro lawo poyitanitsa kufunikira kwa kafukufuku wambiri, makamaka maphunziro omwe amaphatikizapo mpweya wochepa komanso zochitika za chikhalidwe cha anthu, kuti athe kupeza maulosi olondola a zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za acidification ya m'nyanja.

Hall-Spencer JM, Harvey BP. Kuchuluka kwa asidi m'nyanja kumakhudzanso ntchito za m'mphepete mwa nyanja chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Emerg Top Life Sci. 2019 Meyi 10; 3 (2): 197-206. doi: 10.1042/ETLS20180117. PMID: 33523154; PMCID: PMC7289009.

Ocean acidification imachepetsa kulimba kwa malo okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja mpaka kuphatikizika kwa madalaivala ena okhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo (kutentha kwapadziko lonse, kukwera kwamadzi, kukwera kwa mafunde, kuchulukira kwa chimphepo) ndikuwonjezera chiwopsezo cha kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka m'madzi ndi kutayika kwa ntchito zofunikira za chilengedwe ndi ntchito. Kuopsa kwa katundu wa m'nyanja kumakula ndi OA kuchititsa kusintha kwa ulamuliro wa macroalgal, kuwonongeka kwa malo, ndi kuwonongeka kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Zotsatirazi zawoneka m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Maphunziro a CO₂ ma seeps adzakhala ndi zotsatira pa nsomba zapafupi, ndipo madera otentha ndi otentha adzakumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha mamiliyoni a anthu omwe amadalira chitetezo cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja, usodzi, ndi ulimi wa m'madzi.

Cooley SR, Ono CR, Melcer S ndi Roberson J (2016) Zochita zapagulu zomwe zitha kuthana ndi Kuchuluka kwa Ocean Acidation. Patsogolo. Mar. Sci. 2:128. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2015.00128

Pepalali likulowa muzochitika zomwe zikuchitika ndi mayiko ndi madera ena omwe sanamvepo zotsatira za OA koma atopa ndi zotsatira zake.

Ekstrom, JA et al. (2015). Chiwopsezo komanso kusintha kwa zipolopolo zaku US kukhala acidification yanyanja. Nature. 5, 207-215, doi: 10.1038/climate2508

Njira zothekera komanso zoyenera zochepetsera ndikusintha ndikusintha ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zotsatira za acidity ya m'nyanja. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa kusatetezeka kwa madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku United States.

Spalding, MJ (2015). Mavuto a Sherman's Lagoon - Ndi Global Ocean. Bungwe la Environmental Forum. 32 (2), 38-43.

Lipotili likuwonetsa kuuma kwa OA, momwe zimakhudzira ukonde wazakudya komanso magwero a mapuloteni amunthu, komanso kuti sikungowopsa kokha koma vuto lomwe liripo komanso lowoneka. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zomwe boma la US likuchita komanso momwe mayiko akuyankhira ku OA, ndipo imathera ndi mndandanda wa njira zing'onozing'ono zomwe zingatheke komanso ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zithandize kuthana ndi OA.

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4. Kusungunuka kwa M'nyanja ndi Zotsatira Zake pa Zamoyo Zam'madzi

Doney, Scott C., Busch, D. Shallin, Cooley, Sarah R., & Kroeker, Kristy J. Zotsatira za Acidification ya Ocean pa Zamoyo Zam'madzi ndi Madera Odalirika a Anthu. Ndemanga Yapachaka ya Zachilengedwe ndi Zothandizira, 45 (1). Kuchotsedwa ku https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10164807. https:// doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083019

Kafukufukuyu amayang'ana kwambiri zotsatira za kukwera kwa mpweya woipa kuchokera kumafuta oyambira pansi ndi zinthu zina za anthropogenic. Kuyesa kwa labu kukuwonetsa kuti izi zapangitsa kusintha kwa physiology ya nyama, kuchuluka kwa anthu, komanso kusintha kwachilengedwe. Izi zidzayika chuma pachiwopsezo chomwe chimadalira kwambiri panyanja. Usodzi, ulimi wa m’madzi, ndi chitetezo cha m’mphepete mwa nyanja zili m’gulu la zinthu zambiri zimene zidzavutike kwambiri.

Olsen E, Kaplan IC, Ainsworth C, Fay G, Gaichas S, Gamble R, Girardin R, Eide CH, Ihde TF, Morzaria-Luna H, Johnson KF, Savina-Rolland M, Townsend H, Weijerman M, Fulton EA and Link JS (2018) Ocean Futures Under Ocean Acidification, Marine Protection, and Changeing Pressure of Fishing Explored Pogwiritsa Ntchito Worldwide Suite of Ecosystem Models. Patsogolo. Mar. Sci. 5:64. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00064

Ecosystem-based management management, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti EBM, yakhala chidwi chofuna kuyesa njira zina zoyendetsera ndikuthandizira kuzindikira zamalonda kuti achepetse kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu. Iyi ndi njira yofufuzira mayankho azovuta zovuta zowongolera nyanja kuti apititse patsogolo thanzi lazachilengedwe m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.

Mostofa, KMG, Liu, C.-Q., Zhai, W., Minella, M., Vione, D., Gao, K., Minakata, D., Arakaki, T., Yoshioka, T., Hayakawa, K. ., Konohira, E., Tanoue, E., Akhand, A., Chanda, A., Wang, B., ndi Sakugawa, H.: Ndemanga ndi Kaphatikizidwe: Ocean acidification ndi zotsatira zake zomwe zingachitike pazachilengedwe zam'madzi, Biogeosciences, 13 , 1767-1786, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1767-2016, 2016.

Nkhaniyi ikukambitsirana za maphunziro osiyanasiyana omwe apangidwa kuti awone zotsatira za OA panyanja.

Cattano, C, Claudet, J., Domenici, P. ndi Milazzo, M. (2018, May) Kukhala m'dziko la CO2 lalitali: kusanthula kwapadziko lonse lapansi kukuwonetsa mayankho angapo amtundu wa nsomba ku acidity ya m'nyanja. Ecological Monographs 88(3). DOI:10.1002/ecm.1297

Nsomba ndizofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso ndi gawo lofunikira pakukhazikika kwa chilengedwe cha m'nyanja. Chifukwa cha zovuta zokhudzana ndi kupsinjika kwa OA pa physiology, pakufunika kuchitidwa zambiri kuti akwaniritse kusiyana kwa chidziwitso pazachilengedwe komanso kukulitsa kafukufuku kumadera monga kutentha kwa dziko, hypoxia, ndi usodzi. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, zotsatira za nsomba sizinali zazikulu, mosiyana ndi zamoyo zopanda msana zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe cha spatiotemporal. Mpaka pano, pali maphunziro ambiri omwe amasonyeza zotsatira zosiyana pa zinyama zam'mimba ndi zamsana. Chifukwa cha kusiyanako, ndikofunikira kuti maphunziro achitidwe kuti awone kusiyanasiyana kumeneku kuti amvetsetse momwe acidity yam'madzi ingakhudzire chuma cha anthu am'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Albright, R. ndi Cooley, S. (2019). Kuwunikiridwa kwa Ntchito zomwe zaperekedwa pofuna kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa acidity ya m'nyanja yamchere yamchere Regional Studies in Marine Science, Vol. 29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100612

Kafukufukuyu akufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe matanthwe a coral akhudzidwira ndi OA m'zaka zaposachedwa. Pakafukufukuyu, ofufuza adapeza kuti matanthwe a coral amatha kubwereranso kuchokera ku chochitika cha bleaching. 

1. Matanthwe a m'madzi a m'nyanja amatha kubwerera m'mbuyo kuchokera ku zochitika za bleaching pang'onopang'ono akamakhudza chilengedwe, monga kusungunuka kwa asidi m'nyanja.
2. "Ntchito za chilengedwe zomwe zili pachiwopsezo kuchokera ku OA muzachilengedwe zam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ntchito zoperekera chithandizo nthawi zambiri zimawerengedwa pazachuma, koma ntchito zina ndizovuta kwambiri kwa anthu am'mphepete mwa nyanja. "

Malsbury, E. (2020, February 3) “Zitsanzo za Ulendo Wotchuka wa M’zaka za m’ma 19 Ziwulula ‘Zowopsa’ Zakuchuluka kwa Acid M’nyanja.” Magazini ya Sayansi. AAAS. Zabwezedwa kuchokera: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/02/ plankton-shells-have-become-dangerously-thin-acidifying-oceans-are-blame

Zipolopolo za zipolopolo, zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku HMS Challenger mu 1872-76, ndizozitali kwambiri kuposa zipolopolo zamtundu womwewo zomwe zimapezeka masiku ano. Ochita kafukufuku anapeza zimenezi pamene zipolopolo za zaka pafupifupi 150 zimene zinasonkhanitsidwa mu Museum of Natural History ku London zinayerekezedwa ndi zitsanzo zamakono za panthaŵi imodzimodziyo. Asayansi anagwiritsira ntchito chipika cha sitimayo kuti apeze mitundu yeniyeni, malo, ndi nthaŵi ya chaka ya zipolopolozo zinasonkhanitsidwa ndipo anagwiritsira ntchito zimenezi kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo zamakono. Kuyerekezerako kunali koonekeratu: zipolopolo zamakono zinali zowonda mpaka 76% kuposa anzawo akale ndipo zotsatira zake zimaloza kuti acidization ya m'nyanja ndiyomwe idayambitsa.

MacRae, Gavin (12 April 2019). Madzi a Sentinel. https://watershedsentinel.ca/articles/ocean-acidification-is-reshaping-marine-food-webs/

Kuya kwa nyanja kukuchepetsa kusintha kwa nyengo, koma pamtengo wake. Kuchuluka kwa asidi m’madzi a m’nyanja kukuchulukirachulukira pamene nyanja zam’madzi zimayamwa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ku mafuta oyaka.

Spalding, Mark J. (21 Januware 2019.) "Ndemanga: Nyanja ikusintha - ikukhala acidic." Channel News Asia. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/ commentary/ocean-acidification-climate-change-marine-life-dying-11124114

Zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi pamapeto pake zidzakhudzidwa chifukwa nyanja yomwe ikutentha kwambiri komanso acidic imatulutsa mpweya wocheperako womwe umapangitsa kuti zinthu zamoyo zam'madzi ndi zamoyo ziwonongeke. M'pofunika mwachangu kulimbitsa mphamvu yolimbana ndi acidity ya m'nyanja kuti titeteze mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo zam'madzi padziko lapansi.

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5. Zothandizira kwa Aphunzitsi

NOAA. (2022). Maphunziro ndi Kutumiza. Pulogalamu ya Ocean Acidification. https://oceanacidification.noaa.gov/AboutUs/ EducationOutreach/

NOAA ili ndi pulogalamu yophunzitsa komanso yofikira kudzera mu dipatimenti yake ya ocean acidization. Izi zimapereka zothandizira anthu ammudzi momwe angakokere chidwi kwa opanga mfundo kuti ayambe kutengera malamulo a OA pamlingo wina ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito. 

Thibodeau, Patrica S., Kugwiritsa Ntchito Deta Yanthawi Yaitali Kuchokera ku Antarctica Kuphunzitsa Acidification ya Ocean (2020). Panopa Journal of Marine Education, 34 (1), 43-45.https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles

Virginia Institute of Marine Science idapanga dongosolo lophunzirira kuti aphunzitse ophunzira akusukulu zapakati kuti athetse chinsinsi: acidification ya m'nyanja ndi chiyani ndipo ikukhudza bwanji zamoyo zam'madzi ku Antarctic? Kuti athetse chinsinsichi, ophunzira atenga nawo gawo pakusaka kwa mkanjo wa acidification m'nyanja, kupanga zongopeka ndikufika pamalingaliro awoawo ndikutanthauzira zenizeni zenizeni zochokera ku Antarctic. Mapulani atsatanetsatane akupezeka pa: https://doi.org/10.25773/zzdd-ej28.

Kusonkhanitsa Maphunziro a Ocean Acidification. 2015. Fuko la Suquamish.

Chida ichi chapaintaneti ndi gulu lazinthu zaulere pazambiri zam'madzi kwa aphunzitsi ndi olankhulana, agiredi K-12.

Alaska Ocean Acidification Network. (2022). Ocean Acidification kwa Aphunzitsi. https://aoan.aoos.org/community-resources/for-educators/

Alaska's Ocean Acidification Network yapanga zothandizira kuyambira pa PowerPoints zosimbidwa ndi zolemba mpaka makanema ndi mapulani amaphunziro amagulu osiyanasiyana. Maphunziro ophatikizidwa a acidization ya m'nyanja adawonedwa kuti ndi othandiza ku Alaska. Tikukonzekera maphunziro owonjezera omwe amawunikira chemistry yamadzi yapadera ya Alaska ndi madalaivala a OA.

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6. Maupangiri a Ndondomeko ndi Malipoti a Boma

Interagency Working Group on Ocean Acidification. (2022, Okutobala, 28). Lipoti Lachisanu ndi chimodzi la Federally Funded Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Activities. Komiti Yachigawo ya Ocean Science and Technology Committee on Environment of the National Science and Technology Council. https://oceanacidification.noaa.gov/sites/oap-redesign/Publications/SOST_IWGOA-FY-18-and-19-Report.pdf?ver=2022-11-01-095750-207

Ocean acidification (OA), kuchepa kwa pH ya m'nyanja kumayamba chifukwa cha kutengeka kwa carbon dioxide (CO) yotulutsidwa ndi anthropogenically.₂) kuchokera mumlengalenga, ndikuwopseza zachilengedwe zam'madzi ndi ntchito zomwe machitidwewa amapereka kwa anthu. Chikalatachi chikufotokoza mwachidule zochitika za Federal pa OA in Fiscal Years (FY) 2018 ndi 2019. Zakonzedwa m'magawo ogwirizana ndi zigawo zisanu ndi zinayi, makamaka, mlingo wapadziko lonse, mlingo wadziko lonse, ndi ntchito ku United States Northeast, United States Mid. -Atlantic, United States Southeast ndi Gulf Coast, Caribbean, United States West Coast, Alaska, US Pacific Islands, Arctic, Antarctic.

Komiti Yowona Zachilengedwe, Zachilengedwe, ndi Kukhazikika kwa National Science and Technology Council. (2015, Epulo). Lipoti Lachitatu la Federally Funded Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Activities.

Chikalatachi chinapangidwa ndi Interagency Working Group on Ocean Acidification, yomwe imalangiza, kuthandizira, ndikupereka malingaliro pazinthu zokhudzana ndi acidification ya nyanja, kuphatikizapo kugwirizanitsa ntchito za Federal. Lipotili likufotokoza mwachidule ntchito zofufuza ndi kuyang'anira zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi boma la ocean-acidification; imapereka ndalama zogwirira ntchito izi, ndikufotokozera za kutulutsidwa kwaposachedwa kwa njira yofufuzira ya Federal Research and monitoring of ocean acidification.

Mabungwe a NOAA Okhudza Nkhani ya Kuchuluka kwa Ocean Acidification mu Local Waters. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Lipotili likupereka phunziro lachidule la "Ocean Chemistry 101" pa OA chemical reactions ndi pH scale. Imatchulanso nkhawa za NOAA za acidization ya m'nyanja.

NOAA Climate Science & Services. Udindo Wofunika Wakuwonera Padziko Lapansi Pakumvetsetsa Kusintha Kwa Chemistry Yam'nyanja.

Lipotili likuwonetsa khama la NOAA la Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) lomwe cholinga chake ndi kuzindikiritsa, kulosera, ndi kuyang'anira madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nyanja, ndi Nyanja Yaikulu.

Nenani kwa Governor ndi Maryland General Assembly. Task Force kuti Muphunzire za Impact of Ocean Acidification pa State Waters. Webusaiti. Januware 9, 2015.

Dziko la Maryland ndi dera la m'mphepete mwa nyanja lomwe silimangodalira nyanja komanso Chesapeake Bay. Onani nkhaniyi kuti mudziwe zambiri za kafukufuku wa ogwira ntchito omwe a Maryland adakhazikitsa ndi a Maryland General Assembly.

Washington State Blue Ribbon Panel pa Ocean Acidification. Ocean Acidification: Kuchokera ku Chidziwitso mpaka Kuchita. Webusaiti. Novembala 2012.

Lipotili limapereka mbiri ya acidization ya m'nyanja komanso momwe zimakhudzira dziko la Washington. Monga dziko la m’mphepete mwa nyanja lomwe limadalira usodzi ndi zinthu za m’madzi, limaloŵerera m’zimene zingayambitse kusintha kwa nyengo pa chuma. Werengani nkhaniyi kuti mudziwe zomwe Washington ikuchita pazasayansi ndi ndale kuti athane ndi izi.

Hemphill, A. (2015, February 17). Maryland Akuchitapo kanthu Kuti Athetse Kuchuluka kwa Ocean Acidification. Mid-Atlantic Regional Council on the Ocean. Kuchotsedwa http://www.midatlanticocean.org

Boma la Maryland lili kutsogolo kwa mayiko omwe akuchitapo kanthu kuthana ndi zovuta za OA. Maryland idadutsa House Bill 118, ndikupanga gulu loti liphunzire momwe OA imakhudzira madzi aboma panthawi yake ya 2014. Gulu logwira ntchito lidayang'ana mbali zisanu ndi ziwiri zofunika kuwongolera kumvetsetsa kwa OA.

Upton, HF & P. ​​Folger. (2013). Kupanga Nyanja (CRS Report No. R40143). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.

Zomwe zili mkatimu zikuphatikiza mfundo za OA, kuchuluka kwa OA, zotsatira za OA, mayankho achilengedwe ndi anthu omwe atha kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa OA, chidwi cha Congress pa OA, ndi zomwe boma la federal likuchita pa OA. Lofalitsidwa mu Julayi 2013, lipoti la CRS ili ndikusintha kwa malipoti am'mbuyomu a CRS OA ndikulembanso bilu yokhayo yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 113th Congress (Coral Reef Conservation Act Amendments of 2013) yomwe ingaphatikizepo OA munjira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika momwe polojekiti ikuyendera. kuphunzira kuopseza kwa matanthwe a coral. Lipoti loyambirira lidasindikizidwa mu 2009 ndipo likupezeka pa ulalo wotsatirawu: Buck, EH & P. ​​Folger. (2009). Kupanga Nyanja (CRS Report No. R40143). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.

IGBP, IOC, SCOR (2013). Chidule cha Ocean Acidification kwa Opanga Mfundo - Msonkhano Wachitatu pa Nyanja mu High-CO₂ Dziko. Pulogalamu ya International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, Stockholm, Sweden.

Chidule ichi ndi momwe chidziwitso cha acidization yamadzi am'madzi kutengera kafukufuku woperekedwa pamsonkhano wachitatu wapanyanja mu High-CO.₂ World ku Monterey, CA mu 2012.

InterAcademy Panel on International Issues. (2009). Ndemanga ya IAP pa Ocean Acidification.

Mawu amasamba awiriwa, ovomerezedwa ndi masukulu opitilira 60 padziko lonse lapansi, akufotokoza mwachidule ziwopsezo zotumizidwa ndi OA, ndipo amapereka malingaliro ndi kuyitanidwa kuti achitepo kanthu.

Zotsatira Zachilengedwe za Kusungunuka kwa M'nyanja: Chiwopsezo ku Chitetezo cha Chakudya. (2010). Nairobi, Kenya. UNEP.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ubale wa CO₂, kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi OA, zotsatira za OA pazakudya za m'nyanja, ndipo akumaliza ndi mndandanda wa 8 zofunika kuchita pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zotsatira za acidification nyanja.

Chidziwitso cha Monaco pa Ocean Acidification. (2008). Msonkhano Wachiwiri Wapadziko Lonse pa Nyanja mu High-CO₂ Dziko.

Adafunsidwa ndi Prince Albert II pambuyo pa msonkhano wachiwiri wapadziko lonse ku Monaco pa OA, chilengezochi, chotengera zomwe asayansi osatsutsika komanso osayinidwa ndi asayansi 155 ochokera kumayiko 26, apereka malingaliro, kuyitanitsa opanga mfundo kuti athetse vuto lalikulu la acidity ya m'nyanja.

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7. Zowonjezera Zowonjezera

Ocean Foundation imalimbikitsa zotsatirazi kuti mudziwe zambiri pa Ocean Acidification Research

1. NOAA Ocean Service
2. University of Plymouth
3. National Marine Sanctuary Foundation

Spalding, MJ (2014) Ocean Acidification ndi Food Security. University of California, Irvine: Ocean Health, Global Fishing, ndi Food Security zojambulira zokambirana.

Mu 2014, Mark Spalding adafotokoza za ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa OA ndi chitetezo cha chakudya pamsonkhano wokhudza thanzi la m'nyanja, usodzi wapadziko lonse, ndi chitetezo cha chakudya ku UC Irvine. 

The Island Institute (2017). Makanema a Nyengo Yosintha. The Island Insitiute. https://www.islandinstitute.org/stories/a-climate-of-change-film-series/

Bungwe la Island Institute latulutsa mndandanda wa magawo atatu afupikitsa omwe akuwunikira zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo ndi acidity ya nyanja pa usodzi ku United States. Makanemawa adasindikizidwa koyamba mu 2017, koma zambiri zidakali zofunika lero.

Gawo loyamba, Madzi Otentha ku Gulf of Maine, imayang'ana kwambiri zotsatira za nyengo pa usodzi wa dziko lathu. Asayansi, mameneja, ndi asodzi onse ayamba kukambirana za momwe tingakonzekerere komanso momwe tingakonzekerere zinthu zosapeŵeka, koma zosayembekezereka, za nyengo pa chilengedwe cha m’nyanja. Kwa lipoti lonse, Dinani apa.

Gawo lachiwiri, Ocean Acidification ku Alaska, ikunena za mmene asodzi a ku Alaska akulimbana ndi vuto limene likuchulukirachulukira la acidity ya m’nyanja. Kwa lipoti lonse, Dinani apa.

Mu Gawo Lachitatu, Kugwa ndi Kusintha mu Apalachicola Oyster Fishery, Oyang'anira amapita ku Apalachicola, Florida, kuti akaone zomwe zimachitika nsomba ikagwa kotheratu komanso zomwe anthu ammudzi akuchita kuti azolowere ndi kudzitsitsimutsa. Kwa lipoti lonse, Dinani apa.

Zochita Zomwe Mungathe Kuchita

Monga taonera pamwambapa, chifukwa chachikulu cha acidization ya m'nyanja ndi kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide, yomwe imatengedwa ndi nyanja. Chifukwa chake, kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni ndi sitepe yotsatira yofunikira kuti aletse kuchuluka kwa acidity m'nyanja. Chonde pitani ku Tsamba la International Ocean Acidification Initiative Kuti mumve zambiri pazomwe The Ocean Foundation ikuchita pa Ocean Acidification.

Kuti mumve zambiri pamayankho ena kuphatikiza kuwunika kwa Carbon Dioxide Removal mapulojekiti ndiukadaulo chonde onani Tsamba lofufuza za Kusintha kwa Nyengo la Ocean Foundatione, kuti mudziwe zambiri onani Bungwe la Ocean Foundation la Blue Resilience Initiative. 

ntchito yathu SeaGrass Kula Carbon Calculator kuti muwerengere kuchuluka kwa mpweya wanu ndikupereka kuti muchepetse mphamvu zanu! Calculator idapangidwa ndi The Ocean Foundation kuti ithandizire munthu kapena bungwe kuwerengera CO yake yapachaka₂ utsi kuti nawonso udziwe kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa buluu wofunikira kuti uthetse (maekala a udzu wa m'nyanja kuti abwezeretsedwe kapena ofanana). Ndalama zochokera ku blue carbon credit mechanism zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira ndalama zobwezeretsa, zomwe zimabweretsa ngongole zambiri. Mapulogalamuwa amalola kuti apambane awiri: kupanga mtengo wokwanira ku machitidwe apadziko lonse a CO₂-ntchito zotulutsa udzu ndipo, chachiwiri, kukonzanso udzu wa m'nyanja zomwe zimapanga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo zikufunika kuchira.

BWINO KUTI KAFUFUZENI