Offshore Drilling Action

Malemu agogo anga ankakhulupirira kwambiri mwambi wakale wakuti “Osaika mazira onse mumtanga umodzi.” Amadziwa kuti kudalira luso limodzi kapena bizinesi imodzi kapena njira imodzi yopezera ndalama ndi njira yowopsa kwambiri. Anadziwanso kuti kudziimira payekha sikufanana ndi ulamuliro. Amadziwa kuti anthu aku America sayenera kunyamula katundu kwa iwo omwe akufuna kugulitsa mazira athu pagulu kuti alandire mphotho. Ndimayang'ana mapu kuchokera ku Bureau of Ocean Energy Management ndipo ndiyenera kudzifunsa - anganene chiyani za mazira omwe ali mudengu ili?

"Ogwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri padziko lonse lapansi adatumiza ma hydrocarbon ochulukirapo kuposa kale mu 2017 ndipo sakuwonetsa kuti akutsika. Mumatchulapo - mafuta osakanizika, mafuta, dizilo, propane komanso gasi wachilengedwe - zonse zidatumizidwa kunja mwachangu kwambiri. ”

Laura Blewitt, Bloomberg News

Makampani onse amphamvu omwe amayang'ana kupanga phindu kuchokera kuzinthu za boma zomwe zili za anthu a ku United States ndi mibadwo yamtsogolo ya Amereka ali ndi udindo waukulu. Si udindo wa anthu aku America kuti achulukitse phindu lamakampaniwo, kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo chawo, kapena kunyamula katundu wolipirira zoopsa zilizonse zamtsogolo zomwe zingachitike ku nyama zakuthengo zaku America, mitsinje, nkhalango, magombe, matanthwe a coral, matauni, minda, mabizinesi kapena anthu. Ndi udindo wa oimira boma athu m'nthambi zazikulu, zamalamulo, ndi zamalamulo, omwe alipo kuti aimirire zokomera anthu aku America. Ndi udindo wawo kuwonetsetsa kuti chiwopsezo chilichonse chovulaza chuma chaboma ndichopindulitsa kwa anthu aku America, chuma cha dziko lathu, ndi mibadwo yamtsogolo yomwe idzadaliranso iwo.

Malo Atsopano Opangira Mafuta & Gasi mu Nyanja Yathu:

Pa Januware 4, Bureau of Energy's Bureau of Ocean Energy Management idatulutsa mapulani atsopano azaka zisanu opangira mphamvu pa Shelf ya Outer Continental m'madzi aku US potsatira lamulo la Purezidenti Epulo watha. Gawo lina la ndondomekoyi likuyang'ana pa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zopangira mphepo zam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo ambiri amayang'ana kwambiri kutsegula madera atsopano ogwiritsira ntchito mafuta ndi gasi. Monga mukuwonera pamapu, palibe gawo lililonse la gombe lathu lomwe likuwoneka kuti silikhala pachiwopsezo (kupatula Florida, pambuyo pake).

Madera omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific ndi kum'mawa kwa Gulf of Mexico akuphatikizidwa mu dongosolo latsopanoli, komanso maekala opitilira 100 miliyoni ku Arctic komanso mbali zambiri za Nyanja Yakum'mawa. Madera ambiri omwe akufunsidwa, makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic, sanagwiritsidwepo - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mphepo yamkuntho, zamakono, ndi zoopsa zina pa ntchito zamagetsi sizikumveka bwino, kuti palibe zipangizo zothandizira kukumba, komanso zomwe zingatheke. ndizowopsa kuwononga nyama zam'madzi, nsomba, mbalame zam'madzi ndi zamoyo zina zam'nyanja. Palinso zoopsa zomwe zingawononge moyo wa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri aku America, makamaka omwe amagwira ntchito zokopa alendo, usodzi, kuyang'anira anamgumi, komanso ulimi wam'madzi.  

Kufufuza sikuli bwino:

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwamfuti za zivomezi zophulika m’madzi a m’nyanja ya 250 decibels kufunafuna malo osungira mafuta ndi gasi kwasintha kale nyanja yathu. Tikudziwa kuti anamgumi, ma dolphin, ndi nyama zina zam’madzi zimavutika, monganso nsomba ndi nyama zina zikagwidwa ndi zivomezi. Makampani omwe amayesa izi akuyenera kupemphedwa kuti asakhale nawo mu Marine Mammal Protection Act (yomwe tidafotokozera mubulogu yolembedwa 1/12/18). Bungwe la Fish and Wildlife Service ndi National Marine Fisheries Service liyenera kuwunikanso zomwe zafunsidwa ndikuwunika zomwe zingavulaze chifukwa choyesa zivomezi. Ngati zivomerezedwa, zilolezozo zimavomereza kuti makampaniwo achita zovulaza ndikukhazikitsa gawo lololedwa la "kutengera mwangozi," mawu omwe amatanthauza kulongosola kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zidzavulazidwe kapena kuphedwa ntchito yosaka mafuta ndi gasi ikayamba. Pali ena omwe amakayikira chifukwa chake njira zovulaza, zazikulu, zosalongosoka zikugwiritsidwabe ntchito pofufuza mafuta ndi gasi m'madzi a m'nyanja pamene luso lojambula mapu lafika pano. Zachidziwikire, apa pali malo omwe makampani angawonongeko pang'ono madera aku America ndi zida zam'nyanja pofunafuna phindu.

"Mafakitale ovutawa amadalira madzi abwino a Maine, ndipo ngakhale kutaya pang'ono kungathe kuwononga zachilengedwe ku Gulf of Maine, kuphatikizapo mphutsi za nkhanu ndi nkhanu zazikulu zomwe zili mmenemo," analemba motero Collins ndi King. "Kupitilira apo, kuyesa kwa zivomezi zam'mphepete mwa nyanja kwawonetsedwa nthawi zina kusokoneza masamuko a nsomba ndi nyama zam'nyanja. Mwanjira ina, tikukhulupirira kuti kuwonongeka komwe kungabwere chifukwa chofufuza mafuta ndi gasi ndikutukuka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Maine kumaposa phindu lililonse. ”

Portland Press Herald, 9 Jan 2018

Zomangamanga ndi Zowopsa:

Kunena zowona, kubowola sikuyambira paliponse kunja kwa Gulf of Mexico nthawi ina iliyonse posachedwapa. Pali njira zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi malingaliro omwe akuyenera kuwunikidwa. Kupanga mafuta m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Atlantic kumayimira ndalama zambiri pazomangamanga - palibe maukonde a mapaipi, madoko, kapena mphamvu zoyankha mwadzidzidzi. Sizodziwikiratu kuti mitengo yamafuta idzathandizira ndalama zambiri zopangira mphamvu zatsopanozi, komanso kuti ndi ntchito yotheka chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha osunga ndalama. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, n'zosadabwitsa kuti dongosolo latsopano la zaka zisanu silinalandiridwe ndi manja awiri, ngakhale kuti kubowola kwenikweni kuli zaka zambiri, ngati kukuchitika nkomwe. 

Scientific American inasimba kuti pali kutsutsa kwakukulu kwa kumaloko ku kufutukuka kulikonse kwa mafuta ndi gasi m’madzi a m’mphepete mwa nyanja: “Otsutsa akuphatikizapo abwanamkubwa a New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, California, Oregon ndi Washington; oposa 150 ma municipalities a m'mphepete mwa nyanja; ndi mgwirizano wa mabizinesi oposa 41,000 ndi mabanja asodzi 500,000.”¹ Atsogoleri ammudzi ndi maboma adakumana pamodzi motsutsana ndi zomwe Purezidenti Obama adafuna kukulitsa ndipo adachotsedwa. Cholinga chabwerera, chachikulu kuposa kale, ndipo mlingo wa chiopsezo sunasinthe. Madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe amadalira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zachuma amadaliranso kudziwa kuti ndalama zawo sizikhala pachiwopsezo chobwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamafakitale kapena kutheka kwenikweni kwa kutayikira, kutayikira, ndi kulephera kwa zomangamanga.

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (Mapu sawonetsa madera aku Alaska, monga Cook Inlet)

Mu 2017, masoka achilengedwe ndi ena adawononga dziko lathu kuposa $307 biliyoni. Panthawi yomwe tiyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa chiwopsezo kumadera athu am'mphepete mwa nyanja pokonza zomanga ndi kulimba mtima poyang'anizana ndi kukwera kwamadzi am'nyanja komanso mvula yamkuntho yowopsa. Tonsefe tidzalipira njira imodzi kapena imzake, ngakhale kupitirira zotayika zowononga kwa eni nyumba ndi mabizinesi okhudzidwa, ndi madera awo. Kuchira kudzatenga nthawi ngakhale mabiliyoni enanso akufunika kuyenda kuti athandizire kubwezeretsa madera athu ku Virgin Islands, ku Puerto Rico, ku California, ku Texas, ndi ku Florida. Ndipo izo sizimawerengera madola omwe akuyendabe kuyesa kuthetsa kuvulaza kwakukulu kwa zochitika zam'mbuyomu monga kutaya kwa mafuta a BP, komwe, ngakhale zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pambuyo pake kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa chuma cha Gulf of Mexico.  

Kuyambira 1950, chiwerengero cha anthu ku US chawonjezeka pafupifupi kuwirikiza pafupifupi anthu 325 miliyoni, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi chachoka pa 2.2 biliyoni kufika pa anthu oposa 7 biliyoni. Anthu opitilira awiri mwa atatu aliwonse a ku America amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Udindo wathu ku mibadwo yamtsogolo wakula kwambiri - tiyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti timayang'ana kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwathu kumachepetsa kuvulaza, kuwononga ndi kuopsa. Ndikoyenera kuti m'zigawo zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu tsopano zitha kusiyidwa kuti mibadwo yam'tsogolo ipeze ukadaulo womwe tingaganizire lero. Zinthu zaulere ndipo zopezeka pamtengo wotsika—mphepo, dzuŵa, ndi mafunde—zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mopanda chiwopsezo chocheperapo kwa ife ndi mibadwo yamtsogolo. Kukwaniritsa zosowa zathu ndi mapangidwe anzeru omwe amawononga ndalama zochepa kuti tigwiritse ntchito ndikuwongolera ndi njira ina yomwe imathandizira pamtundu wa mzimu woyambitsa nzeru womwe ndi cholowa chathu.

Tikupanga mphamvu zambiri masiku ano kuposa kale, kuphatikizapo mafuta ndi gasi. Tiyenera kudzifunsa chifukwa chake tiyenera kulimbikitsa ntchito zowopsa kwambiri kuti titengere mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zidzatumizidwa kumayiko ena, kusiya zovulaza kwa ife. Tikukwaniritsa zosowa zathu zamphamvu ndi magwero osiyanasiyana ochulukirachulukira ndikuyesetsa kuchita bwino kwambiri kuti tisawononge cholowa chathu chamtengo wapatali.

Ino si nthawi yoti muwonjezere chiopsezo ndi kuvulaza m'madzi a m'nyanja ya United States. Ino ndi nthawi yoti mubwereze mibadwo yamtsogolo. Ino ndi nthawi yoti tipange cholowa chathu kukhala chotukuka. Ino ndi nthawi yoti tigwiritse ntchito ndalama zopangira mphamvu zomwe zimapereka zomwe tikufunikira popanda chiopsezo chochepa ku miyoyo ya mamiliyoni aku America. Ino ndi nthawi yoteteza madzi athu am'nyanja, madera athu am'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi zolengedwa zakuthengo zomwe zimatcha nyanja yam'madzi.  

¹ Trump Atsegula Madzi Akuluakulu ku Kubowola kwa Nyanja, ndi Brittany Patterson, Zack Coleman, Climate Wire. Januware 5, 2018

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-opens-vast-waters-to-offshore-drilling/

Collins ndi King to Feds Sungani Kubowola Mafuta ndi Gasi Kutali ndi Maine's Coastline, lolemba Kevin Miller, Portland Press Herald, 9 Januware 2018 http://www.pressherald.com/2018/01/08/collins-and-king-to-feds-keep-oil-and-gas-drilling-away-from-maines-coastline/?utm_source=Headlines&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Daily&utm_source=Press+Herald+Newsletters&utm_campaign=a792e0cfc9-PPH_Daily_Headlines_Email&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_b674c9be4b-a792e0cfc9-199565341

US ikutumiza Mafuta ndi Gasi Pang'onopang'ono, Laura Blewitt, Bloomberg News, 12 Dec 2017 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-12/u-s-fuels-the-world-as-shale-boom-powers-record-oil-exports

Trump Atsegula Madzi Akuluakulu ku Kubowola kwa Nyanja, ndi Brittany Patterson, Zack Coleman, Climate Wire. Scientific American 5 Januware 2018   
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-opens-vast-waters-to-offshore-drilling/