Gulu Lathu La Akamba Akunyanja

Mark Spalding

Zaka zingapo m’mbuyomo, ndinali pa msonkhano kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Malaysia kufupi ndi malire a Thailand. Chimodzi mwazosangalatsa kwambiri paulendowu chinali ulendo wathu wausiku ku Ma'Daerah Turtle Sanctuary komwe kumasulidwa kwa Akamba a Nyanja Yobiriwira. Zinali zabwino kukhala ndi mwayi wokumana ndi anthu omwe ali odzipereka kuteteza akamba ndi malo omwe amadalira. Ndakhala ndi mwayi woyendera malo osungira kamba m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Ndaonapo kubwera kwa anyani aakazi kudzakumba zisa zawo ndi kuikira mazira, komanso kuswa akamba am’nyanja, olemera osakwana theka la kilogalamu imodzi. Ndachita chidwi ndi ulendo wawo wotsimikiza mtima wopita kumphepete mwa madzi, kudutsa mafunde, ndi kupita kunyanja. Saleka kudabwa.

Epulo ndi mwezi womwe timakondwerera akamba am'nyanja kuno ku The Ocean Foundation. Pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya akamba am'nyanja, imodzi mwa iyo imapezeka ku Australia kokha. Ena asanu ndi limodzi amayendayenda padziko lonse lapansi ndipo onse amawonedwa kuti ali pachiwopsezo malinga ndi Lamulo la US. Akamba am'nyanja amatetezedwanso padziko lonse lapansi pansi pa mgwirizano wa International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna kapena CITES. CITES ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wazaka 176 womwe wasainidwa ndi mayiko 1 kuti akhazikitse malonda apadziko lonse a nyama ndi zomera. Kwa akamba am'madzi, ndikofunikira kwambiri chifukwa malire a mayiko satanthauza zambiri panjira zawo zosamuka. Ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse womwe ungawateteze. Mitundu yonse isanu ndi umodzi ya akamba am'nyanja omwe amasamukira kumayiko ena ali m'gulu la CITES Appendix XNUMX, yomwe imapereka chitetezo chapamwamba kwambiri ku malonda apadziko lonse a mitundu yomwe ili pachiwopsezo.

Akamba am'nyanja ndi olemekezeka mwa iwo okha-oyenda apanyanja amtendere ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ochokera ku akamba am'nyanja omwe adasinthika zaka zoposa 100 miliyoni zapitazo. Iwo alinso oyambitsa za momwe ubale wa anthu ndi nyanja ukuchitikira—ndipo malipoti akubwera kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi kuti tifunikira kuchita bwino koposa.

Amatchedwa kuti mutu wake wopapatiza komanso mlomo wakuthwa, wonga mbalame, mbalame za hawksbill zimatha kufika m'ming'alu ndi m'ming'alu ya miyala yamchere yamchere kufunafuna chakudya. Zakudya zawo ndizapadera kwambiri, zimangodya masiponji okha. Amatchedwa kuti mutu wake wopapatiza komanso mlomo wakuthwa, wonga mbalame, mbalame za hawksbill zimatha kufika m'ming'alu ndi m'ming'alu ya miyala yamchere yamchere kufunafuna chakudya. Zakudya zawo ndizapadera kwambiri, zimangodya masiponji okha. Magombe otsala a zisa komwe akamba aakazi amabwerera mobwerezabwereza pa moyo wawo akutha chifukwa cha kukwera kwa madzi, ndikuwonjezera kutayika komwe kulipo kuchokera kumphepete mwa nyanja pa chitukuko. Kuonjezera apo, kutentha kwa zisa zomwe zimakumbidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanjazi kumapangitsa kuti ana a kamba akhale amuna kapena akazi. Kutentha kumatenthetsa mchenga m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti akazi ambiri akuswedwa kuposa amuna. Akamba akamakoka maukonde awo, kapena amakoka mbedza zawo zomwe zamangidwa pamtunda wa makilomita ambiri, nthawi zambiri pamakhala akamba am'nyanja omwe amagwidwa mwangozi (ndi kumizidwa) ndi nsomba zomwe akufunafuna. Nkhani za zamoyo zakalezi nthawi zambiri sizikhala zabwino, koma pali chiyembekezo.

Pamene ndikulemba, msonkhano wapachaka wa 34 wa kamba wapanyanja ukuchitika ku New Orleans. Odziwika kale kuti Msonkhano Wapachaka Wokhudza Biology ya Kamba Wam'nyanja ndi Kasungidwe, imachitidwa chaka chilichonse ndi International Sea Turtle Society (ISTS). Kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi, m'mikhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe, otenga nawo mbali amasonkhana kuti agawane zambiri ndikulumikizananso pazokonda ndi cholinga chimodzi: kasungidwe ka akamba am'nyanja ndi chilengedwe chawo.

Ocean Foundation ndiyonyadira kuthandizira mwambowu womanga anthu ammudzi, komanso kunyadira anthu amdera lathu omwe amathandizira ukadaulo wawo pamsonkhanowu. Ocean Foundation ili ndi mapulojekiti 9 omwe amayang'ana kwambiri akamba am'nyanja ndipo athandizira ena ambiri kudzera mukupanga thandizo. M'munsimu muli zitsanzo zochepa za ntchito zathu akamba am'nyanja. Kuti muwone mapulojekiti athu onse, chonde dinani apa.

Mtengo wa CMRC: Akamba am'nyanja ndi mtundu womwe ukukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi polojekiti ya Cuba Marine Research and Conservation yomwe cholinga chake chachikulu pa ntchitoyi ndikuwunika mwatsatanetsatane malo okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Cuba.

ICAPO: Bungwe la Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative (ICAPO) linakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo mu July 2008 pofuna kulimbikitsa kuchira kwa akamba a hawksbill kummawa kwa Pacific.

ProCaguama: Proyecto Caguama (Operation Loggerhead) imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi asodzi kuti awonetsetse kuti madera asodzi ndi akamba am'nyanja akukhala bwino. Usodzi wopha nsomba ukhoza kuyika pachiwopsezo moyo wa asodzi komanso zamoyo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha monga akamba otchedwa loggerhead. Kumanga zisa ku Japan kokha, chiwerengerochi chatsika kwambiri chifukwa cha kugwidwa koopsa.

Pulojekiti ya Sea Turtle Bycatch: Sea Turtle Bycatch imayang'anira zovuta zokhudzana ndi usodzi pazachilengedwe za m'madzi pozindikira komwe akamba am'madzi amatengedwa mwangozi (ogwidwa mwangozi) muusodzi padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka omwe ali pafupi ndi USA.

ONANI Akamba: ONANI Akamba amalumikiza apaulendo ndi odzipereka ku malo omwe ali ndi kamba komanso oyendetsa bwino alendo. Ndalama yathu ya Sea Turtle Fund imapereka ndalama kwa mabungwe omwe akugwira ntchito yoteteza magombe a zisa, kulimbikitsa zida zotetezedwa ndi akamba, komanso kuchepetsa ziwopsezo kwa akamba am'nyanja padziko lonse lapansi.

Kuti mulowe nawo gulu losamalira akamba am'nyanja, mutha kupereka ku Sea Turtle Conservation Fund yathu. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, chonde dinani apa.

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Mitundu ya Akamba Akunyanja

Kamba wobiriwira-Akamba obiriwira ndi aakulu kwambiri mwa akamba olimba (olemera kuposa mapaundi 300 ndi mamita 3 m'mimba mwake. Mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yomanga zisa imapezeka pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Caribbean ku Costa Rica, kumene zisa zaakazi 22,500 pa nyengo pafupifupi ndi pa Raine Island, pa Great Barrier Reef ku Australia, kumene akazi pafupifupi 18,000 amamanga chisa pa nyengo.

Hawksbill-Hawksbill ndi mamembala ang'onoang'ono a banja la kamba wam'nyanja. Nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi matanthwe a thanzi - kubisala m'mapanga ang'onoang'ono, kudyetsa mitundu ina ya masiponji. Akamba a Hawksbill ndi ozungulira, nthawi zambiri amachokera ku 30 ° N mpaka 30 ° S latitude ku Atlantic, Pacific, ndi Indian Ocean ndi mabwalo amadzi ogwirizana nawo.

Ridley wa Kemp-Kamba uyu amafika mapaundi 100 ndi mainchesi 28 kudutsa, ndipo amapezeka ku Gulf of Mexico komanso m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakum'mawa kwa US. Nthawi zambiri zisa zimapezeka m'chigawo cha Tamaulipas, ku Mexico. Nesting yawonedwa ku Texas, ndipo nthawi zina ku Carolinas ndi Florida.

Achikopa-Chimodzi mwa zokwawa zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Leatherback imatha kulemera tani imodzi komanso kukula kwake kuposa mapazi asanu ndi limodzi. Monga tafotokozera mu blog yapita LINK, leatherback imatha kupirira kutentha kosiyanasiyana kuposa zamoyo zina. Magombe ake okhala ndi zisa atha kupezeka ku West Africa, kumpoto kwa South America, komanso m'malo ochepa ku US

Loggerhead-Amatchedwa mitu yawo yokulirapo, yomwe imakhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu, amatha kudya nyama zokhala ndi zipolopolo zolimba, monga anapiye ndi ma conch. Amapezeka kudera lonse la Caribbean ndi madzi ena am'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Olive ridley-Kamba wam'nyanja wochulukirachulukira, mwina chifukwa cha kufalikira kwake, ndi wofanana ndi wa Kemp's ridley. Mitengo ya azitona imagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi kumadera otentha a South Atlantic, Pacific, ndi Indian Ocean. Ku South Atlantic Ocean, amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic ku West Africa ndi South America. Kum'mawa kwa Pacific, amapezeka kuchokera ku Southern California kupita ku Northern Chile.