Gawo 2: Zotsatira za kusefukirako - zomwe nyanja imatengera kunyumba

Wolemba Angel Braestrup, Wapampando, Board of Advisors, The Ocean Foundation

Padziko lonse lapansi, 2012 ndi 2013 zidzakumbukiridwa chifukwa cha mvula yambiri yachilendo, mvula yamkuntho yamphamvu, ndi kusefukira kwa madzi kosaneneka kuchokera ku Bangladesh kupita ku Argentina; kuchokera ku Kenya kupita ku Australia. Khrisimasi ya 2013 idabweretsa mkuntho wamphamvu kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa dzinja ndi kusefukira kwamadzi komanso zotsatira zina ku St. Lucia, Trinidad ndi Tobago; ndi mayiko ena a zilumba, monga United Kingdom komwe mphepo yamkuntho inangowonjezera zowonongeka kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa December. Ndipo sikuti m’mphepete mwa nyanja m’pamene anthu akumva kusintha. 

Kugwa uku, Colorado anakumana kamodzi mu zaka 1000 kusefukira kwa mphepo yamkuntho yopita kumapiri kuchokera ku madzi otentha a Pacific. Mu Novembala, mvula yamkuntho ndi mvula yamkuntho zidawononga ndalama zoposa biliyoni imodzi ku Midwest. Ndipo, nkhani ya zinyalala yomweyi idakumananso ndi anthu omwe adakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zidachitika ku Japan pambuyo pa tsunami ya 2011, chilumba cha Leyte ku Philippines kuchokera ku Typhoon Haiyan mu 2013, New York ndi New Jersey pambuyo pa Superstorm Sandy mu 2012, ndi Gulf Coast. pambuyo pa Katrina, Ike, Gustav, ndi mikuntho ina khumi ndi iwiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi.

Blog yanga yapitayi idalankhula za kusefukira kwamadzi kuchokera kunyanja, kaya ndi mkuntho kapena zivomezi, komanso chiwonongeko chomwe chimasiya pamtunda. Komabe, si kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumabwera kumene kumawononga kwambiri zinthu za m’mphepete mwa nyanja—zomangidwa ndi anthu komanso zachilengedwe. Ndi zomwe zimachitika madziwo akatulukanso, atanyamula zinyalala zochokera ku liwiro lake lowononga komanso supu yovuta yomwe imakoka zosakaniza kuchokera mnyumba iliyonse yomwe idutsa, pansi pa sinki iliyonse, mchipinda cha wosamalira aliyense, malo ogulitsira magalimoto, ndi zowuma. zoyeretsa, komanso chilichonse chomwe madzi adatolera m'zinyalala, zinyalala, malo omanga, ndi malo ena omangidwa.

Kwa nyanja, sitiyenera kuganizira za mkuntho kapena tsunami, komanso zotsatira zake. Kuyeretsa pambuyo pa mkuntho umenewu ndi ntchito yaikulu kwambiri yomwe siili chabe kuumitsa zipinda zomwe zasefukira, kuchotsa magalimoto osefukira, kapena kumanganso misewu. Komanso sikunena za mapiri a mitengo yogwetsedwa, milu ya dothi, ndi mitembo ya nyama zomira. Chilichonse mwa mkuntho waukulu kapena zochitika za tsunami zimanyamula zinyalala, zamadzimadzi zapoizoni, ndi kuipitsa kwina kumabwerera kunyanja.

Madzi obwerera amatha kutenga zoyeretsa zonse pansi pa masinki zikwizikwi, utoto wakale wakale m'magalasi zikwizikwi, mafuta onse, mafuta, ndi mafiriji kuchokera kumagalimoto masauzande ndi zida zamagetsi, ndikusakaniza ndi supu yapoizoni yodzaza ndi zonse. zotsukira kumbuyo kwa zinyalala ndi mapulasitiki ndi ziwiya zina zomwe zidasungidwamo. Mwadzidzidzi zomwe zidakhala mosavulaza (makamaka) pamtunda zikusefukira m'madambo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nkhalango za mangrove, ndi malo ena omwe nyama ndi zomera zimatha. kale akulimbana ndi zotsatira za chitukuko cha anthu. Onjezani matani masauzande angapo a nthambi zamitengo, masamba, mchenga ndi zinyalala zina zomwe zimasesedwa pamodzi ndi izo ndipo pali kuthekera kwa kuwononga malo otukuka a pansi pa nyanja, kuyambira m'mabedi a nkhono mpaka matanthwe a coral mpaka madambo a m'nyanja.

Tilibe dongosolo lokonzekera bwino za zotsatira za mafunde amphamvu owonongawa m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nkhalango, madambo, ndi zina. Kukanakhala kutayika kwa mafakitale wamba, tikadakhala ndi njira yolimbikitsira kuphwanya ndi kukonzanso. Momwe zilili, tilibe njira zowonetsetsa kuti makampani ndi anthu ammudzi amateteza bwino poizoni wawo mphepo yamkuntho isanabwere, kapena kukonzekera zotsatira za zinthu zonse zomwe zimayenderera pamodzi m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja nthawi imodzi. Pambuyo pa tsunami ya ku Japan ya 2011, kuwonongeka kwa fakitale ya nyukiliya ya Fukushima kunawonjezeranso madzi owonongeka a radioactive kusakaniza-zotsalira zapoizoni zomwe tsopano zikuwonekera mu minofu ya nyama za m'nyanja monga tuna.

Tiyenera kusinthira kukhala okonzekera bwino mvula yamkuntho yamphamvu kwambiri yokhala ndi mvula yambiri komanso mwina mphamvu zochulukirapo kuposa zomwe tinali nazo m'mbuyomu. Tiyenera kuganizira zotsatira za kusefukira kwa madzi, mvula yamkuntho, ndi kusefukira kwadzidzidzi kwina. Tiyenera kuganizira momwe timamangira ndi zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito. Ndipo tiyenera kumanganso zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ngati zoziziritsa kukhosi kwa anansi athu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha nyanja yamchere ndi madzi opanda mchere — madambo, nkhalango za m’mphepete mwa nyanja, milu ya milu —zosungira zachilengedwe zonse zimene zimachirikiza zamoyo za m’madzi zolemera ndi zochuluka.

Nanga tingatani tikakumana ndi mphamvu zoterezi? Kodi tingathandize bwanji madzi athu kukhala athanzi? Chabwino, titha kuyamba ndi zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse. Yang'anani pansi pa sinki yanu. Yang'anani mu garaja. Kodi mukusunga chiyani chomwe chiyenera kutayidwa bwino? Ndi zotengera zamtundu wanji zomwe zingalowe m'malo mwa pulasitiki? Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito zomwe zingakhale zotetezeka kwa mpweya, nthaka, ndi nyanja ngati zosayembekezereka zingachitike? Kodi mungateteze bwanji katundu wanu, mpaka ku zinyalala zanu, kuti musakhale nawo mwangozi? Kodi dera lanu lingagwirizane bwanji kuti liganizire zamtsogolo?

Madera athu amatha kuyang'ana pa malo achilengedwe omwe ali mbali ya machitidwe amadzi athanzi omwe amatha kuyankha bwino pakusefukira kwadzidzidzi kwamadzi, zinyalala, poizoni, ndi dothi. Madambo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nkhalango za m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nkhalango, milu ya mchenga ndi mitengo ya mangrove ndi ena mwa malo achinyontho amene tingawateteze ndi kuwabwezeretsa.[1] Mitsinje imalola madzi obwera kufalikira, ndi madzi otuluka kufalikira, ndi madzi onse kusefedwa asanalowe mu nyanja, mtsinje, kapena nyanja yomwe. Malo awa amatha kukhala ngati malo osungiramo zinthu, zomwe zimatilola kuwayeretsa mosavuta. Mofanana ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe, malo osiyanasiyana amathandiza kuti zamoyo zambiri za m’nyanja za m’nyanja zikule, ziberekane komanso zizikula bwino. Ndipo ndi thanzi la anansi athu a m'nyanja zomwe tikufuna kuteteza ku zowonongeka zopangidwa ndi anthu za mvula zatsopanozi zomwe zikuyambitsa kusokoneza kwakukulu kwa madera a anthu ndi machitidwe a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

[1] Chitetezo chachilengedwe chingateteze bwino madera, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/natural-defenses-can-best-protect-coasts-says-study-16864