Gawo 3: Pambuyo pa mkuntho - mapulasitiki m'nyanja

Ndi Mark J. Spalding, Purezidenti, The Ocean Foundation ndi Caroline Coogan, Wothandizira Foundation, The Ocean Foundation

Ku The Ocean Foundation, takhala tikuganiza zambiri za zotsatira zake. Ndife achisoni ndi nkhani zomvetsa chisoni za anthu otayika chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho monga yomwe inakantha St. Lucia, Trinidad & Tobago, ndi mayiko ena a zilumba pa Khrisimasi. Pakhala kutsanulidwa kwachifundo ndi thandizo kwa okhudzidwa, monga momwe ziyenera kukhalira. Takhala tikudzifunsa tokha kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingadziwike zomwe zidzachitike pambuyo pa mkuntho ndipo tingachite chiyani kuti tikonzekere zotsatira zake?

Mwachindunji, takhala tikudzifunsanso tokha momwe tingachepetsere kapena kulepheretsa kuwonongeka komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha zinyalala zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, mphepo, ndi mvula yamkuntho-makamaka ikafika m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Zambiri zomwe zimatsuka pamtunda ndi kulowa m'madzi athu ndi nyanja zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zopepuka, zopanda madzi zomwe zimayandama pamwamba kapena pansi pamadzi. Zimabwera m'mawonekedwe ambiri, kukula kwake, makulidwe, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana pazochitika zaumunthu. Kuchokera m'matumba ogula ndi mabotolo kupita ku zoziziritsira chakudya, kuchokera ku zidole kupita ku telefoni-pulasitiki ali paliponse m'magulu a anthu, ndipo kupezeka kwawo kumamveka kwambiri ndi anansi athu a m'nyanja.

Nkhani yaposachedwa ya SeaWeb's Marine Science Review idawonetsa vuto lomwe limatsatira mwachilengedwe mu The Ocean Foundation yopitiliza kukambirana za mkuntho ndi zotsatirapo zake, makamaka pothana ndi vuto la zinyalala m'nyanja, kapena mozama: zinyalala zam'madzi. Tonse ndife olimbikitsidwa komanso odabwitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhani zowunikidwa ndi anzawo komanso zofananira zomwe zikusindikizidwa pano komanso m'miyezi ikubwerayi zomwe zikufotokoza vutoli. Ndife olimbikitsidwa kudziwa kuti asayansi akuphunzira zotsatira zake: kuchokera ku kafukufuku wa zinyalala zam'madzi pa shelufu ya ku Belgian continental kupita ku zida zosiyidwa zophera nsomba (mwachitsanzo maukonde a mizimu) pa akamba am'nyanja ndi nyama zina ku Australia, komanso kukhalapo kwa mapulasitiki. nyama zoyambira ting'onoting'ono mpaka nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa malonda kuti anthu azidya. Tikudabwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa chitsimikiziro cha kukula kwa vuto la padziko lonse lapansi ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe zikuyenera kuchitidwa kuti athetse vutoli - ndikupewa kuti lisapitirire.

M'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mvula yamkuntho nthawi zambiri imakhala yamphamvu ndipo imatsagana ndi madzi osefukira omwe amathamangira kumtunda kupita kumtsinje wamphepo, mitsinje, mitsinje ndi mitsinje, ndipo pamapeto pake mpaka kunyanja. Madzi amenewo amanyamula mabotolo, zitini, ndi zinyalala zomwe zaiwalika kwambiri zimene zili m’mphepete mwa mitengo, m’mapaki, ngakhalenso m’zinyalala zosatetezedwa. Imanyamula zinyalala m'mitsinje yamadzi komwe imakangamira m'tchire pafupi ndi bedi la mtsinje kapena imagwidwa mozungulira miyala ndi mlatho, ndipo pamapeto pake, mokakamizidwa ndi mafunde, imalowa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi madambo ndi madera ena. Pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho Sandy, matumba apulasitiki anakongoletsa mitengo m'mphepete mwa misewu mpaka kufika pamtunda wa mamita 15 kuchokera pansi m'malo ambiri, kunyamulidwa kumeneko ndi madzi pamene inkathamanga kuchoka kumtunda kupita kunyanja.

Mayiko a m'zilumba ali kale ndi vuto lalikulu pankhani ya zinyalala - malo ndi ofunika kwambiri ndipo kugwiritsira ntchito potayirako sikuthandiza kwenikweni. Ndipo - makamaka tsopano ku Caribbean - ali ndi vuto lina pankhani ya zinyalala. Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani pamene mkuntho ubwera ndipo matani masauzande a zinyalala zangotsala nyumba za anthu ndi katundu wawo wokondedwa? Kodi izo zidzayikidwa kuti? Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani m'matanthwe apafupi, magombe, mitengo ya mangrove, ndi udzu wa m'nyanja pamene madziwo amabweretsa zinyalala zambiri zosakanikirana ndi zinyalala, zimbudzi, zotsukira m'nyumba, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zinasungidwa m'magulu a anthu kufikira mphepo yamkuntho? Kodi mvula wamba imanyamula zinyalala zingati m'mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'madzi oyandikana nawo? Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani? Kodi zimakhudza bwanji zamoyo za m'madzi, zosangalatsa, ndi ntchito zachuma zomwe zimachirikiza madera a zilumbazi?

Bungwe la Caribbean Environment Programme la UNEP lakhala likudziwa za vutoli: kuwunikira zomwe zili patsamba lake, Zinyalala Zolimba ndi Zinyalala Zam'madzi, ndi kuyitanitsa anthu achidwi okhudza njira zomwe angathandizire kuwongolera zinyalala m'njira zochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi malo okhala. Othandizira ndi Ofufuza a Ocean Foundation, Emily Franc, adachita nawo msonkhano wotere kugwa kwatha. Agululo anali ndi nthumwi zochokera m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana aboma ndi omwe si aboma.[1]

Kutayika komvetsa chisoni kwa moyo ndi cholowa cha anthu m'mikuntho ya Khrisimasi inali chiyambi chabe cha nkhaniyi. Tili ndi thayo kwa anzathu akuzilumba kuganizira za zotsatira zina za namondwe wamtsogolo. Tikudziwa kuti chifukwa chakuti mphepo yamkunthoyi inali yachilendo, sizikutanthauza kuti sipadzakhalanso mphepo yamkuntho yachilendo kapena yoyembekezeredwa.

Tikudziwanso kuti kuletsa mapulasitiki ndi kuipitsa kwina kuti zisafike kunyanja ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mapulasitiki ambiri samasweka ndi kupita m’nyanja—amangogaŵanika kukhala tizigawo ting’onoting’ono ndi ting’onoting’ono, n’kumasokoneza kadyedwe ndi kubereka kwa nyama zing’onozing’ono ndi zomera za m’nyanja. Monga mukudziwira, pali kuphatikizika kwa pulasitiki ndi zinyalala zina m'mabwalo akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi - ndi Great Pacific Garbage Patch (pafupi ndi Midway Islands ndi kudera lapakati la North Pacific Ocean) kukhala otchuka kwambiri, koma, zomvetsa chisoni. , osati yapadera.

Chifukwa chake, pali njira imodzi yomwe tonse titha kuthandizira: Kuchepetsa kupanga mapulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, kulimbikitsa zotengera zokhazikika komanso njira zoperekera zakumwa ndi zinthu zina komwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito. Tingagwirizanenso pa sitepe yachiwiri: Kuonetsetsa kuti makapu, matumba, mabotolo, ndi zinyalala zina zapulasitiki zasungidwa ku ngalande zamphepo zamkuntho, m’ngalande, mitsinje ndi njira zina zamadzi. Tikufuna kuti zotengera zonse zapulasitiki zisapitirire m'nyanja ndi magombe athu.

• Titha kuwonetsetsa kuti zinyalala zonse zakonzedwanso kapena kutayidwa moyenera.
• Tikhoza kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito yoyeretsa anthu ammudzi kuti tithandize kuchotsa zinyalala zomwe zingatseke madzi athu.

Monga tanenera kale, kubwezeretsa machitidwe a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi sitepe ina yofunika kwambiri kuti anthu azikhala olimba. Madera anzeru a m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe akupanga ndalama zomanganso malo okhalamo kuti athandizire kukonzekera mvula yamkuntho yotsatira akupezanso zosangalatsa, zachuma, ndi zina. Kusunga zinyalala pamphepete mwa nyanja ndi kunja kwa madzi kumapangitsa anthu ammudzi kukhala osangalatsa kwa alendo.

Nyanja ya Caribbean imapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zilumba ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti ikope alendo ochokera kumaiko onse aku America ndi padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo, iwo omwe ali m'makampani oyendayenda ayenera kusamala za komwe makasitomala awo amapitako kukasangalala, bizinesi, ndi banja. Tonse timadalira magombe ake okongola, matanthwe apadera a coral, ndi zodabwitsa zina zachilengedwe kuti tizikhala, kugwira ntchito, ndi kusewera. Titha kubwera pamodzi kuti tipewe kuvulaza komwe tingathe ndikuthana ndi zotsatira zake, monga momwe tiyenera kuchitira.

[1] Mabungwe angapo akuyesetsa kuphunzitsa, kuyeretsa, ndi kuzindikira njira zothetsera kuipitsa kwa pulasitiki m'nyanja. Amaphatikizapo Ocean Conservancy, 5 Gyres, Plastic Pollution Coalition, Surfrider Foundation, ndi ena ambiri.