Kukonzekera Tsogolo Lathu Lanyanja

Wolemba Mark J. Spalding, Purezidenti, The Ocean Foundation
Mtundu wabuloguyi udawonekera poyamba  National Geographic's Ocean View malo.

Ndine mwayi! Ndinathera gawo lina la mwezi wa August ku Lisbon, Portugal, ndipo mbali ina yake m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya Maine—kumandipatsa kuwona kumbali iriyonse ya nyanja ya Atlantic. Ku Lisbon, ndinali kugwira ntchito pa mayanjano atsopano ndi Future Ocean Alliance ndi Luso-American Development Foundation. Ndinayendera gombe lokongolali ndikuyenda m’nyanja ya Kum’maŵa kwa Atlantic kuti ndikazizireko—kumeneko kunali kotentha modabwitsa. Kubwerera ku US mpaka ku Maine kumisonkhano ingapo ndi anzanga a TOF komanso kukakamba nkhani, ndidatha kukhala ndi gawo la tsiku lililonse kapena pamadzi, kumvera anyani am'nyanja, ndikuwonera mabwato akudutsa. Kwa aliyense, nthawi zonse zimakhala zosangalatsa kukhala kunja kwa zipinda zochitira misonkhano komanso panyanja. Ndipo, ndithudi, kulankhula ndi anthu omwe kugwirizana kwa nyanja sikungosangalatsa chabe, komanso zachuma.

Wakhala mwezi wa August—kulikonse kumene ndakhala. Anthu akuwoneka kuti akudziwa zambiri za kusintha kwa malo omwe amawakonda kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja, makamaka chifukwa cha Superstorm Sandy ndi zochitika zina zaposachedwapa zanyengo. Komabe, kusintha kwakukulu kwa chaka chimodzi ku East Coast ya US ndi kwina kulikonse kwasiya anthu ambiri akudabwa zomwe zidzachitike m'tsogolomu - makamaka kwa omwe madera awo amadalira alendo obwera kunyanja chifukwa cha chuma chawo.

Kuwona gombe likuyeretsa zoyesayesa pambuyo pake Mphepo yamkuntho Mchenga.

York County ili ndi mtunda wa makilomita 300 kuchokera m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Maine ndi magombe ena otchuka kwambiri ku New England - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza kwambiri pachuma cha Maine. Boma la State of Maine palokha likudziwa bwino za ma 3500 mailosi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe amakopa alendo masauzande ambiri, akupeza ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku usodzi ndi nkhanu, komanso kuthandiza madera omwe ali kutali ndi gombe. Kuyambira 2008, boma lapanga njira zingapo zomwe zimadziwika kuti Pulojekiti Yazida Zaku Coastal Hazards Resiliency Tools. Kupyolera mu pulojekitiyi, boma limagwira ntchito ndi matauni pawokha pa pempho lawo, kupereka zowonetsera zoyamba za mapu ndikuchita zokambirana za anthu-kulimbikitsa kuthetsa mavuto kumene mavuto adzafika kwambiri komanso kumene zisankho ziyenera kuchitidwa-kumeneko. Koma sizimapangitsa kuti zosankhazo zikhale zosavuta.

Monga a York, Maine, wotsogolera chitukuko cha anthu ammudzi adanena mu a Nkhani yatsopano, pamene ankafufuza mmene khoma la m’mphepete mwa nyanja linawonongeka mobwerezabwereza komanso moyandikana ndi msewu waukulu wa m’mphepete mwa nyanja: “… Tinaphonya Sandy, koma posakhalitsa tikhala ndi kugunda koyipa. Ndiye mumalimbitsa, kulandirira kapena kubwerera?"

Nubble Light House ku York County, Maine
Ngongole ya Zithunzi: Michael Murphy kudzera pa Flickr

Zowonadi, ndi funso lomwe tidayesa kuyankha pamsonkhano wapamchenga wa anthu okonda kwambiri nyanja zam'madzi masika a Long Beach, New York. Ndizovuta eni nyumba omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Jersey akukumana nawo pamene Army Corps of Engineers ikufuna kumanga mtunda wamtunda wa mchenga wopangidwa ndi mchenga kuti ateteze madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja - kukonza kwamtengo wapatali, kutsimikiza. Ndilonso funso lomwe madera padziko lonse lapansi akuyankhira zamtsogolo - potengera malingaliro akuti kukonzekera kuti madzi achuluke m'chaka cha 2030 ndikofunikira pakali pano, makamaka povomereza chitukuko.

Ndipo ku Gulf of Mexico, mayiko a m'mphepete mwa nyanja akugwirabe ntchito kuti amangenso kuchokera ku Katrina ndikukonzekera zam'tsogolo. Ntchito monga 100-1000 Bwezerani Coastal Alabama ku Mobile Bay odzipereka mwachindunji pomanganso matanthwe a oyster omwe kale anali kutchingira gombe. Sikuti matanthwe atsopano a oyster amangopereka chakudya ndi kusefa, komanso udzu wa madambo umadzaza kumbuyo, umagwira ntchito ngati mvula yamkuntho ndi kusefa kwa madzi oipitsidwa akutuluka pamtunda asanafike ku Bay ndi moyo wamkati. Ku New Orleans komweko, akumangabe malo oyandikana nawo, ndikugwetsa nyumba zomwe zidasiyidwa (nyumba 10,000 mpaka pano). Kuganizira za kulimba mtima kumeneko kumatanthauza kumanganso malo okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti atetezedwe ndi mphepo yamkuntho, komanso za njira zina zopezera moyo pofuna kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha mabanja asodzi ndi ena. Poyankhulana posachedwapa, Meya Mitch Landrieu adanena kuti ngakhale pali ntchito zambiri zomwe zatsala. "Ndikuganiza kuti tachita bwino lomwe chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, chomwe chinali kuganizira zomanga mzindawu momwe umayenera kukhalira nthawi zonse osati momwe adakhalira."

Pamphepete mwa nyanja kumadzulo kwa US, pakati pa zoyesayesa zambiri m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuchokera ku Baja California kupita ku Aleutians, imodzi mwa njira zoyamba zachigawo zikuphatikizidwa mu Sea Level Rise Adaptation Strategy for San Diego Bay (2012). Njirayi, yomwe idathandizidwa ndi The San Diego Foundation, idachitika chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa mgwirizano waukulu wa okhudzidwa, kuphatikiza maboma akuzungulira San Diego Bay, Port of San Diego, San Diego Airport Authority, ndi ena ambiri.

Mudzi wobadwira wa Little Diomede, Alaska. (Chithunzi cha US Coast Guard ndi Petty Officer Richard Brahm)

Ndipo, chifukwa pali mazana a zitsanzo zotere zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, kulingalira momwe mungapezere chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri chomwe chilipo kungakhale kovuta. Kumeneko ndi kumene mgwirizano wapadera wotchedwa Climate Adaptation Knowledge Exchange (CAKEx.org) ungathandize madera. Yakhazikitsidwa mchaka cha 2010 ndi Island Press ndi EcoAdapt, ndipo motsogozedwa ndi EcoAdapt, CAKE ikufuna kupanga chidziwitso chogawana pakuwongolera machitidwe achilengedwe ndi omangidwa pomwe nyengo ikusintha mwachangu. Webusaitiyi imaphatikiza maphunziro a zochitika, mabwalo am'deralo, ndi zida zina zosinthira zidziwitso kuti zithandize anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi kugawana zambiri za momwe anthu akuyankhira mwanzeru komanso masomphenya paziwopsezo zomwe amakumana nazo.

Pamapeto pa tsiku, kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse ziwopsezo ndikuzichepetsa pochepetsa kutulutsa kwazinthu zokulitsa ndizoyenera; monga ikuchitira kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zokhazikika zoperekera nthawi yayitali. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kungakhale kupusa kwa madera ameneŵa, makamaka okhala m’mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m’zilumba, kupeŵa kuwononga nthaŵi ndi mphamvu zawo kuti achite zimene angathe pokonzekera tsogolo lachinyezi, losadziŵika bwino, ndi kutengapo mbali ndi chichirikizo cha onse. za ife amene timakonda nyanja.

Ndipo potero, pamene tikutsiriza chilimwe cha m'nyanja kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, ndikuyembekezera mwachisangalalo chilimwe cha nyanja kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi, ndikukupemphani kuti mulowe nawo gulu la othandizira a Ocean Foundation omwe amasamala za tsogolo la nyanja.  Perekani ndalama ku Ocean Leadership Fund lero.