Kuteteza Zowoneka ndi Zosawoneka: Nyanja ya Sargasso

Wolemba: Mark J. Spalding

Magazini yaposachedwapa ya New Scientist inanena kuti “kubereka nkhono” ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu 11 zimene tikudziwa kuti zilipo, koma sitinazionepo. Zowona—magwero ndi ngakhale njira zambiri zakusamuka kwa nkhono za ku America ndi ku Ulaya sizidziŵika kwakukulukulu kufikira zikafika ngati ana aang’ono (elvers) m’kamwa mwa mitsinje yakumpoto chaka chilichonse. Zambiri za moyo wawo zimangoyang'ana momwe anthu amawonera. Chimene tikudziwa n’chakuti kwa nkhonozi, mofanana ndi zamoyo zina zambiri, Nyanja ya Sargasso ndi imene imafunika kuti ikule bwino.

Kuyambira pa Marichi 20 mpaka 22, Sargasso Sea Commission idakumana ku Key West, Florida ku NOAA Eco-Discovery Center kumeneko. Aka ndi koyamba kuti ma Commissioner onse akhala limodzi kuyambira pomwe ma komisheni aposachedwa (kuphatikiza ine) adalengezedwa mu Seputembala watha.

Ndiye kodi Sargasso Sea Commission? Adapangidwa ndi zomwe zimadziwika kuti "Hamilton Declaration" ya Marichi 2014, yomwe idakhazikitsa kufunikira kwachilengedwe komanso zachilengedwe za Nyanja ya Sargasso. Chilengezochi chinafotokozanso lingaliro lakuti Nyanja ya Sargasso ikufunika ulamuliro wapadera wolunjika pa kuteteza ngakhale kuti zambiri zake zili kunja kwa malire a ulamuliro wa dziko lililonse.

Key West inali nthawi yopuma ya masika, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu aziwoneka bwino tikamapita ku NoAA Center. M'misonkhano yathu, tinkangoyang'ana kwambiri zovuta zazikuluzikulu kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa ndi margaritas.

1. Choyamba, nyanja ya Sargasso ya makilomita 2 miliyoni ilibe gombe lofotokozera malire ake (ndipo ilibe madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe angawateteze). Mapu a Nyanja samaphatikizapo EEZ ya Bermuda (dziko lapafupi), motero ili kunja kwa ulamuliro wa dziko lililonse lomwe timatcha nyanja zazikulu.
2. Chachiwiri, kusowa malire a dziko lapansi, Nyanja ya Sargasso imatanthauzidwa ndi mafunde omwe amapanga gyre, mkati mwake momwe moyo wa m'nyanja uli wochuluka pansi pa mateti a sargassum oyandama. Tsoka ilo, gyre yomweyi imathandizira kutchera mapulasitiki ndi kuipitsa kwina komwe kumawononga mbira, nsomba, akamba, nkhanu, ndi zolengedwa zina zomwe zimakhala kumeneko.
3. Chachitatu, Nyanja siyikumveka bwino, kaya ndi malingaliro a utsogoleri kapena malingaliro asayansi, komanso kudziwika bwino pakufunika kwake kwa usodzi ndi ntchito zina zam'nyanja zakutali.

Cholinga cha bungweli pamsonkhanowu chinali kuyang'ana zomwe Secretariat ya Commission yakwaniritsa, kumva zina mwa kafukufuku waposachedwa wokhudza Nyanja ya Sargasso, ndikuyika zofunika kwambiri m'chaka chomwe chikubwera.

Msonkhanowo unayamba ndi mawu oyamba a ntchito yojambula mapu yotchedwa COVERAGE (CONVERAGE is CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites) Omonga Vwopulumutsidwa Akukonza Rkufufuza ndi Application kwa GEO (Group on Earth Observations) yomwe idapangidwa ndi NASA ndi Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL CalTech). KULIMBIKITSA cholinga chake ndikuphatikiza zowonera zonse za satellite kuphatikiza mphepo, mafunde, kutentha pamwamba pa nyanja ndi mchere, chlorophyll, mtundu etc. ndikupanga chida chowonera kuwunika momwe zinthu ziliri mu Nyanja ya Sargasso ngati woyendetsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Mawonekedwewa akuwoneka kuti ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo apezeka kuti ife a Commission tiyese kuyendetsa pafupifupi miyezi itatu. Asayansi a NASA ndi JPL anali kufuna upangiri wathu wokhudza ma data omwe tikufuna kuwona ndikutha kuphimba ndi zomwe zidapezeka kale pakuwona kwa satellite ya NASA. Zitsanzo zinaphatikizapo kufufuza ndi kufufuza nyama zomwe zili ndi zizindikiro. Makampani a nsomba, mafakitale a mafuta ndi gasi, ndi dipatimenti ya chitetezo ali kale ndi zida zoterezi kuti ziwathandize kukwaniritsa ntchito zawo, motero chida chatsopanochi ndi cha opanga ndondomeko, komanso oyang'anira zachilengedwe.

Commission ndi asayansi a NASA/JPL adapatukana pamisonkhano imodzimodziyo ndipo kwa ife, tidayamba ndikuvomereza zolinga za Commission yathu:

• kupitiriza kuzindikira kufunika kwa chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe cha Nyanja ya Sargasso;
• kulimbikitsidwa kwa kafukufuku wa sayansi kuti amvetsetse bwino Nyanja ya Sargasso; ndi
• kupanga malingaliro oti apereke ku mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi, zigawo ndi zigawo kuti akwaniritse zolinga za Hamilton Declaration.

Kenako tidawunikiranso momwe magawo osiyanasiyana a pulani yathu yantchito, kuphatikiza:

• kufunikira kwa chilengedwe ndi zofunikira
• ntchito zausodzi pamaso pa International Commission for Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) ndi Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation
• ntchito zotumiza, kuphatikiza zomwe zili patsogolo pa International Maritime Organisation
• zingwe zapansi panyanja ndi migodi ya pansi pa nyanja, kuphatikiza zomwe zili patsogolo pa International Seabed Authority
• Njira zoyendetsera zamoyo zosamukasamuka, kuphatikizapo zomwe zili patsogolo pa Msonkhano wa Migratory Species ndi Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
• ndipo potsiriza udindo wa deta ndi kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso, ndi momwe ziyenera kuphatikizidwa muzinthu zoyendetsera ntchito

Komitiyi inaganizira mitu yatsopano, yomwe inaphatikizapo kuipitsa pulasitiki ndi zinyalala zam'madzi mu gyre yomwe imatanthawuza Nyanja ya Sargasso; ndi udindo wa kuthekera kwa kusintha machitidwe a m'nyanja zomwe zingakhudze njira ya Gulf Current ndi mafunde ena akuluakulu omwe amapanga Nyanja ya Sargasso.

Sea Education Association (WHOI) ili ndi zaka zingapo za data kuchokera ku trawl kuti itolere ndikuwunika kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki mu Nyanja ya Sargasso. Kufufuza koyambirira kumasonyeza kuti zambiri za zinyalalazi zikhoza kukhala zochokera ku zombo ndipo zimapanga kulephera kutsatira MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) m'malo mwa magwero a pamtunda a kuipitsa nyanja.

Monga EBSA (Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Area), Nyanja ya Sargasso iyenera kuonedwa kuti ndi malo ovuta kwambiri a nyama za pelagic (kuphatikizapo nsomba). Poganizira izi, tinakambirana za zolinga zathu ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito yokhudzana ndi Chigamulo cha UN General Assembly kuti tikwaniritse msonkhano watsopano wokhudzana ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapitirira malire a dziko (kuti atetezedwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nyanja zam'madzi). Mu gawo lina la zokambirana zathu, tidafunsa mafunso okhudzana ndi kuthekera kwa mkangano pakati pa ma komisheni, ngati Sargasso Sea Commission ikakhazikitsa njira yotetezera pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zodzitetezera ndikutengera njira zabwino zasayansi zogwirira ntchito panyanja. Pali mabungwe angapo omwe amayang'anira madera osiyanasiyana am'nyanja zazitali, ndipo mabungwewa amayang'ana kwambiri ndipo mwina sakuwona bwino za nyanja yayikulu, kapena makamaka Nyanja ya Sargasso.

Titakumananso ndi asayansi, tidagwirizana kuti cholinga chachikulu cha mgwirizanowu chikuphatikiza kuyanjana kwa zombo ndi sargassum, machitidwe a nyama ndikugwiritsa ntchito Nyanja ya Sargasso, komanso kupanga mapu a usodzi mogwirizana ndi zochitika zam'madzi zam'madzi ndi zamankhwala m'madzi. Nyanja. Tidawonetsanso chidwi chachikulu pamapulasitiki ndi zinyalala zam'madzi, komanso gawo la Nyanja ya Sargasso pamayendedwe amadzi a hydrological ndi nyengo.

Ndine wamwayi kutumikira pa ntchito imeneyi limodzi ndi anthu oganiza bwino. Ndipo ndimagawana masomphenya a Dr. Sylvia Earle kuti Nyanja ya Sargasso ikhoza kutetezedwa, iyenera kutetezedwa, ndipo idzatetezedwa. Zomwe tikufunikira ndi ndondomeko yapadziko lonse ya madera otetezedwa a m'nyanja m'madera a nyanja yomwe ili kunja kwa dziko. Izi zimafuna mgwirizano pakugwiritsa ntchito maderawa, kuti tichepetse kukhudzidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chuma cha anthu onse chikugawidwa mwachilungamo. Ana a eel ndi akamba am'nyanja amadalira izi. Ifenso timatero.