Kalata Yofufuza (2005, 3rd Quarter)

ndi Mark J. Spalding

Ocean Foundation ndiye "maziko am'madera" oyamba am'nyanja, okhala ndi zida zonse zokhazikitsidwa bwino zamagulu ammudzi komanso chidwi chapadera pakusunga panyanja. Momwemonso, The Ocean Foundation ikuyang'anizana ndi zopinga zazikulu ziwiri zotetezera bwino panyanja: kusowa kwa ndalama komanso kusowa kwa malo omwe angalumikize mosavuta akatswiri oteteza zachilengedwe kwa opereka ndalama omwe akufuna kuyikapo ndalama. Cholinga chathu ndikuthandizira, kulimbikitsa, ndi kulimbikitsa mabungwe omwe adzipereka kuti athetse chiwonongeko cha chilengedwe cha nyanja padziko lonse lapansi.

3rd Quarter 2005 Investments ndi The Ocean Foundation

Mu 3rd Quarter ya 2005, The Ocean Foundation idaunikira ntchito zotsatirazi, ndipo idapereka ndalama zothandizira: 

MPHENGULU WAMKULU NDI KUSINDIKIZA KWA M'MWAMBA

NKHOSA

Nsomba zambirimbiri za nsomba za shrimp, zokwawa zawo ndi maukonde akuuluka kuchokera m’mbali mwawo ngati mapiko, zaponyedwa kumtunda kapena mu udzu wa m’nyanja. Amagona movutikira kapena paokha pamakona osawoneka bwino. . . Zomera zopangira shrimp pa bayou zimaphwanyidwa ndikupakidwa ndi matope onunkhira bwino, mainchesi okhuthala. Madzi aphwa, koma dera lonselo likununkha ngati zimbudzi, mafuta a dizilo komanso kuwola. (IntraFish Media, 7 September 2005)

Pafupifupi 30% ya nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa ku US chaka chilichonse zimachokera ku Gulf of Mexico, ndipo theka la oyster onse omwe amadyedwa amachokera kumadzi a Louisiana. Mphepo yamkuntho yotchedwa Hurricane Katrina ndi Rita inachititsa kuti ndalama zokwana madola 2 biliyoni ziwonongeke m’makampani a zakudya za m’nyanja, ndipo ndalama zimenezi sizikuphatikizanso zinthu zina zowonongeka, monga mabwato, madoko, ndi zomera. Chotsatira chake, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) yalengeza tsoka la nsomba ku Gulf, sitepe yofunikira kumasula thandizo kwa asodzi ndi nsomba zam'deralo ndi mabungwe a nyama zakutchire.

Mitundu yotereyi ya bulauni ndi yoyera yomwe imaberekera m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kupita kumtunda kukakhala m'madambo, malo awo ambiri awonongeka. Akuluakulu a nsomba ndi nyama zakuthengo adandaulanso kuti padzakhala kuwonjezeka kwa kupha nsomba chifukwa cha "zigawo zakufa," madera opanda mpweya wabwino kapena opanda mpweya monga zinthu zowola zomwe zalowa m'nyanja ndi ku Gulf.

Pafupifupi theka kapena magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu aliwonse ogulitsa nkhanu ku Florida afafanizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zida. Makampani a oyster ku Florida ku Franklin County, akulimbana kale ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphepo yamkuntho Dennis, tsopano akulimbana ndi mafunde atsopano ofiira ndi zotsatira zowononga za Hurricane Katrina.

Zinanso zomwe zidakhudzidwa ndi ntchito yosangalatsa yosodza ku Louisiana ndi mayiko ena a Gulf. Ku Louisiana, usodzi wamasewera udapanga $895 miliyoni pogulitsa malonda mu 2004, ndikuthandizira ntchito 17,000 (Associated Press, 10/4/05).

Umboni wodziwika bwino wa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa nsomba zomwe zimasodza masiku angapo mphepo yamkuntho yotchedwa Hurricane Katrina isanachitike zikuwonetsa kuti zamoyo zambiri zomwe zimakhudzidwa zidachoka m'derali mphepo yamkuntho isanachitike. Ngakhale kuti izi zikupereka chiyembekezo kwa asodzi ambiri kuti tsiku lina nsomba ndi usodzi zidzabwerera, padzapita nthawi tisanadziwe kuti zidzakhala liti, kapena kuti zidzakhala zathanzi bwanji.

KUYIYANITSA

Ziwerengero za kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ya usodzi sizimayamba kuwonetsa kuwonongeka kulikonse kuchokera ku madzi oipitsidwa akuponyedwa kuchokera ku New Orleans kupita ku Nyanja ya Ponchartrain ndikupita ku Gulf. Zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndizovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha dothi komanso poizoni pamakampani a oyster okwana $300 miliyoni pachaka ku Louisiana. Chinanso chodetsa nkhaŵa ndicho magaloni mamiliyoni a mafuta amene anatayikira m’nyengo ya mkuntho—antchito oyeretsa akuti anasepa kale kapena kuchotsa magaloni 2.5 miliyoni a mafuta m’madambo, ngalande, ndi madera kumene kunatayikira kwakukulu.

Mwachiwonekere mphepo yamkuntho yakhala ikugunda gombe la Gulf kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Vuto ndiloti Gulf tsopano ili ndi mafakitale ambiri kotero kuti izi zimabweretsa tsoka lachiwiri kwa anthu ndi zachilengedwe m'deralo. Zomera zambiri za petrochemical, malo otaya zinyalala zapoizoni, zoyenga mafuta ndi mafakitale ena zili m'mphepete mwa Gulf ndi mayendedwe ake. Akuluakulu aboma omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yoyeretsa akugwirabe ntchito kuti azindikire ng'oma za "ana amasiye" zomwe, zomwe zidagwedezeka ndi kukhuthulidwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho, zidatayanso zilembo zawo chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa madzi pambuyo pa mkuntho waposachedwapa. Sizikudziwikabe kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe atayikira, kusefukira kwa ngalande kapena ziphe zina zomwe zidatsukidwa ku Gulf of Mexico kapena madambo otsala a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kapena kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zidabwezeredwa ku Gulf ndikubwerera kwa chimphepo chamkuntho. Zitenga miyezi kuti muchotse zinyalala zomwe zingatseke maukonde ophera nsomba ndi zida zina. Zitsulo zolemera mu "supu wapoizoni" wochokera ku Katrina ndi Rita zitha kukhudza kwa nthawi yayitali nsomba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi pelagic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiwopsezo chowonjezera ku moyo wa asodzi amalonda ndi masewera am'deralo, komanso zachilengedwe zam'madzi.

ZOCHITIKA ZOIPA ZIMENE ZAKUBWERA

Ngakhale kuti n’zosatheka kunena kuti mkuntho uliwonse umachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, kutentha kwa dziko n’kumene kumapangitsa kuti mphepo zamkuntho ziwombe kwambiri ku United States. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, magazini ya Time ya October 3 inafotokoza za kuwonjezereka kwa mphepo zamkuntho zamphamvu m’zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazi.

•     Avereji yapachaka ya 4 kapena 5 mphepo yamkuntho 1970-1990: 10
• Avereji yapachaka ya gulu 4 kapena 5 mphepo zamkuntho 1990-panopa: 18
• Kutentha kwapakati panyanja ku Gulf kuyambira 1970: 1 digiri F

Zomwe mphepo zamkunthozi zikuyimira, komabe, kufunikira koyang'ana kukonzekera masoka, kapena kuyankha mofulumira kwa magombe ndi mabungwe omwe amagwira ntchito pofuna kuteteza chuma chawo cha m'nyanja. Tikudziwa kuti chiŵerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi chikusamukira kumphepete mwa nyanja, kuti chiwerengero cha anthu sichidzatsika kwa zaka makumi angapo, komanso kuti zolosera za kusintha kwa nyengo zimafuna kuti anthu achuluke kwambiri (pochepa kwambiri), ndipo mwinanso kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi. namondwe. Nyengo yamkuntho yamkuntho yamkuntho yamkuntho, komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa mphepo zamkuntho zaka ziwiri zapitazi zikuwoneka ngati zitsogozo za zomwe tikukumana nazo posachedwa. Kuonjezera apo, kukwera kwa madzi a m'nyanja kungapangitse kuti m'mphepete mwa nyanja mukhale pachiwopsezo cha mphepo yamkuntho chifukwa mafunde ndi njira zina zotetezera kusefukira kwa madzi zidzasefukira mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, Katrina ndi Rita atha kukhala oyamba mwa masoka ambiri am'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe tingayembekezere - ndi zowopsa kwambiri pazanyanja zam'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Ocean Foundation idzapitirizabe kupereka ndalama zothandizira kupirira, kupereka chithandizo komwe tingathe, ndipo tidzafunafuna mipata yothandizira zoyesayesa za mabungwe oteteza m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mabungwe a boma kuti atsimikizire kuti kupanga zisankho zabwino kumapita pomanganso ndi kukonzanso mapulani.

Mwayi Watsopano Wogulitsa

TOF imayang'anitsitsa patsogolo ntchito yosunga nyanja, kufunafuna njira zothetsera mavuto omwe akufunika ndalama ndi chithandizo, ndikukudziwitsani zatsopano zofunika kwambiri.

amene: Bungwe Losamalira Zanyama Zakuthengo
Kodi: US madzi / Gulf of Mexico
Chani: Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary ya 42-square-nautical-miles National Marine Sanctuary ndi imodzi mwa malo opatulika 13 omwe adasankhidwa mwalamulo mpaka pano, ndipo ili ku Gulf of Mexico, pafupifupi makilomita 110 kuchokera kumphepete mwa Texas ndi Louisiana. FGBNMS ili ndi amodzi mwamatanthwe athanzi kwambiri m'chigawo cha Caribbean, komanso matanthwe a kumpoto kwambiri ku United States. Kuli nsomba zathanzi komanso zofunika pazachuma, kuphatikizapo zimphona ziwiri: nsomba zazikulu kwambiri komanso shaki zomwe zili pachiwopsezo padziko lonse lapansi komanso cheza chachikulu kwambiri, manta. Kudumphira pansi pamadzi mkati mwa FGBNMS kumathandizira chuma cham'deralo ndipo kumadalira nyama zakuthengo zambiri zam'nyanja kuti zikumane ndi nsomba za whale shark, manta ray, ndi nyama zina zazikulu za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nsomba zazikulu za m'nyanja zomwe zimasamuka kwambiri monga Manta ndi Whale Shark nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamoyo zomwe zimadutsa m'ming'alu yachitetezo chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso cha biology yawo komanso makamaka malo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malo ovuta, kuchuluka ndi kuyenda.
chifukwaDr. Rachel Graham wa Wildlife Conservation Society wagwira ntchito zowunikira ndi kufufuza za shaki za whale ku Caribbean kuyambira 1998. Ntchito ya WCS ku Gulf ikanakhala yoyamba kuphunzira za whale sharks ku FGBNMS ndi kusamuka kwawo koyerekeza pakati pa Caribbean ndi Gulf of Mexico. Zambiri zomwe zachokera mu kafukufukuyu ndi zofunika chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso chokhudza zamoyozi mwachiwopsezo komanso kadyedwe kawo komanso kudalira kwanyengo pamadzi am'madziwa komanso kufunikira kwa malo osungiramo madzi am'dziko lino powateteza pa magawo osiyanasiyana pa moyo wawo. Nyama ya shaki ya Whale ndi yamtengo wapatali ndipo kusaka chimphona chamtenderechi kumayimitsa mwayi wodziwa zambiri za nyamayi komanso momwe zimakhudzira chilengedwe chawo.
Bwanji: The Ocean Foundation's Coral Reef Field-of-Interest Fund, yomwe imathandizira ma projekiti am'deralo omwe amalimbikitsa kusamalidwa kosatha kwa matanthwe a coral ndi zamoyo zomwe zimadalira iwo, kwinaku kufunafuna mipata yowongolera kasamalidwe ka matanthwe a coral pamlingo waukulu kwambiri.

Ndani: Reef Environmental Education Foundation
Kodi: Gulf of Mexico
Chani: REEF ikugwira ntchito yofufuza nsomba zomwe zikuchitika kuti zilembedwe momwe nsomba zimakhalira komanso kuyang'anira nsomba ku Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary ndi Stetson Bank ndipo idzakhala ndi mwayi wochita kafukufuku wotsatira poyerekeza ndi kafukufuku wa nsomba zomwe zisanachitike komanso pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho. Malo otchedwa Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) omwe ali pamtunda wa makilomita ochepa chabe kuchokera ku gombe la Texas, amakhala ngati malo osungiramo zamoyo zamitundu ya ku Caribbean kumpoto kwa Gulf of Mexico ndipo adzakhala ngati wothandizira zaumoyo wa nsomba zam'madzi ku Gulf pambuyo pake. za namondwe. Kutentha kumazizira pang'ono m'nyengo yozizira ku Stetson Bank, yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 48 kumpoto ndipo inawonjezeredwa ku Sanctuary mu 1996. Bankiyi imathandizira gulu la nsomba zodabwitsa. Kusambira m'madzi mosangalatsa komanso usodzi ndizochitika zofala m'malo opatulika. Mbali zina za malo opatulikawa ndi zakale zopangira mafuta ndi gasi.
chifukwa: REEF yakhala ikuchita kafukufuku wa nsomba ku Gulf kuyambira 1994. Dongosolo lowunika lomwe lilipo limalola REEF kuyang'anira kusintha kulikonse pa kuchuluka kwa nsomba, kukula, thanzi, malo ndi machitidwe. Chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho yomwe imadutsa kudera la Gulf komanso kusintha kwa kutentha kwa madzi ofunda, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa momwe kusintha kwanyengo kumeneku kumakhudzira zachilengedwe zam'madzi. Zomwe REEF idakumana nazo komanso zolemba zomwe zilipo kale za malo apansi pamadzi m'derali zithandizira kwambiri pakuwunika momwe mphepo zamkuntho zaposachedwazi zakhudzira. REEF imagwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku womwe wachitika kuti athandizire Malo Opatulika pakuwongolera ndikudziwitsa akuluakulu aboma zakuwopseza kulikonse komwe kuli malowa.
Bwanji: The Ocean Foundation's Coral Reef Field-of-Interest Fund, yomwe imathandizira ma projekiti am'deralo omwe amalimbikitsa kusamalidwa kosatha kwa matanthwe a coral ndi zamoyo zomwe zimadalira iwo, kwinaku kufunafuna mipata yowongolera kasamalidwe ka matanthwe a coral pamlingo waukulu kwambiri.

Ndani:  TOF Rapid Response Field-of-Interest Fund
Kodi: Padziko lonse lapansi
Chani: Thumba ili la TOF lidzakhala mwayi wopereka chithandizo chandalama kwa mabungwe omwe akufuna thandizo lachangu pazosowa zokakamiza komanso ntchito zadzidzidzi.
chifukwa: Pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho Emily, Katrina, Rita, ndi Stan komanso Tsunami, TOF inalandira pempho lachangu kuchokera ku mabungwe osiyanasiyana omwe amapempha ndalama kuti akwaniritse zosowa zachangu. Zosowazo zinaphatikizapo ndalama zogulira zida zowunika momwe madzi alili komanso ndalama zoyezera ma labotale; ndalama zosinthira zida zowonongeka; ndi ndalama zowunikira mwachangu zida zam'madzi kuti zithandizire kuyankha kuchira / kubwezeretsanso. Panalinso nkhawa kuti anthu omwe sali opindula alibe luso lopanga nkhokwe kapena kugula "inshuwaransi yosokoneza bizinesi" yomwe ingathandize kulipira malipiro a antchito awo odziwa zambiri, odziwa bwino panthawiyi.

Pambuyo pa zopemphazo, Bungwe la TOF linaganiza zopanga Fund yomwe idzagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti ipereke thandizo mwamsanga kwa magulu omwe akukumana ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi kumene zofunikira zimafunikira mwamsanga. Izi sizimangochitika pakagwa masoka achilengedwe, koma ziphatikizepo mapulojekiti omwe akufuna kuti achitepo kanthu mwachangu ngakhale zoyesayesa zapaderalo zikukonzekera kupanga njira yayitali yokhudzana ndi zida zam'madzi zomwe zakhudzidwa komanso moyo wa omwe amadalira.
Bwanji: Zopereka zochokera kwa opereka ndalama zomwe zimafotokoza kuti angafune kuti ndalama zawo ziyikidwe mu TOF Rapid Response FIF.

Zithunzi za TOF

• Tiffany Foundation idapatsa TOF ndalama zokwana $100,000 zothandizira ogwira ntchito ku TOF pofufuza ntchito zosangalatsa padziko lonse lapansi ndikuthandizira opereka mwayi wokhala ndi mwayi wokwanira zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zosowa zawo.
• TOF ili mkati mwa kafukufuku wake woyamba ndipo ikhala ndi lipoti posachedwa!
• Pulezidenti Mark Spalding adzaimira TOF pa Msonkhano wa Global Forum on Oceans, Coast, and Islands on Global Policy ku Lisbon, Portugal pa October 10, 2005 kumene adzachita nawo msonkhano wa mayiko opereka ndalama.
• TOF posachedwapa yamaliza malipoti awiri ofufuza: Imodzi ku Isla del Coco, Costa Rica ndi ina ku Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
• TOF inathandizira kuthandizira kafukufuku wa pambuyo pa tsunami wokhudza momwe chuma cha m'madzi chinachitika ndi New England Aquarium ndi National Geographic Society. Nkhaniyo idzakhala m’magazini ya December ya National Geographic.

Mawu Ena Omaliza

Ocean Foundation ikukulitsa luso la malo osungiramo nyanja ndikutseka kusiyana pakati pa nthawi ino yodziwika bwino za zovuta zomwe zili m'nyanja zathu komanso kutetezedwa kowona kwa nyanja zathu, kuphatikiza kasamalidwe kokhazikika ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.

Pofika chaka cha 2008, TOF idzakhala itapanga njira yatsopano yopereka chithandizo chachifundo (maziko okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu), kukhazikitsa maziko oyamba apadziko lonse lapansi omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kasungidwe ka nyanja, ndikukhala wopereka ndalama zachitatu pazambiri zachitetezo cha panyanja padziko lonse lapansi. Chilichonse mwazochita izi chingalungamitse nthawi ndi ndalama zoyambirira kuti TOF ikhale yopambana - zonsezi zimapanga ndalama zapadera komanso zokakamiza m'malo mwa nyanja zamchere zapadziko lapansi komanso mabiliyoni a anthu omwe amadalira iwo kuti athandizidwe ndi moyo.

Monga momwe zilili ndi maziko aliwonse, ndalama zathu zogwirira ntchito ndi zowonongera zomwe zimathandizira mwachindunji ntchito zoperekedwa kapena zoperekedwa mwachindunji (monga kupezeka pamisonkhano ya NGO, opereka ndalama, kapena kutenga nawo mbali pama board, ndi zina zotero).

Chifukwa cha kufunikira kowonjezera kusungitsa bwino mabuku, kulima opereka ndalama, ndi ndalama zina zogwirira ntchito, timagawa pafupifupi 8 mpaka 10% ngati gawo lathu loyang'anira. Tikuyembekeza kukwera kwakanthawi kochepa pomwe tikubweretsa antchito atsopano kuti ayembekezere kukula kwathu komwe kukubwera, koma cholinga chathu chonse chikhala kuti tichepetse ndalamazi, mogwirizana ndi masomphenya athu onse opeza ndalama zambiri pantchito yosamalira zachilengedwe. momwe zingathere.