Rock, Pepala, Akamba: Kukulitsa Maphunziro a Kamba ku El Salvador

Wolemba Brad Nahill, Wotsogolera & Co-Woyambitsa wa SEEtheWILD ndi ONA Turtles
Kugwira Ntchito ndi Aphunzitsi Akumaloko Kukulitsa Maphunziro a Kamba Wam'nyanja ku El Salvador

Ndi ma hawksbill aakazi mazana ochepa okha omwe akuyerekezeredwa kukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja kum'mawa kwa Pacific. (Mawu a Chithunzi: Brad Nahill/SeeTurtles.org)

Ophunzira achichepere amatuluka kupita kudoko lophimbidwa, akumwetulira mwamantha wina ndi mnzake atavala nsonga zawo zoyera ndi mathalauza abuluu ndi masiketi. Anyamata awiri adzipereka kukhala nkhanu, ndipo maso awo ali tcheru kuti awononge ana asukulu anzawo omwe anasanduka akamba. Pincers ali okonzeka, anyamata amasuntha cham'mbali, akulemba ana omwe amadzinamizira kuti ndi ana akamba omwe akuyenda kuchokera kunyanja kupita kunyanja.

“Akamba” angapo amadutsa njira yoyamba, koma amangoona nkhanu zikukhala mbalame zokonzeka kuzikwatula m’madzi. Pambuyo pa chiphaso chotsatira, ophunzira angapo okha ndi omwe atsala akuyang'anizana ndi ntchito yovuta yothawa anyamata, omwe tsopano akusewera shaki. Ndi ana ochepa okha amene amapulumuka kunkhondo zolusa kuti apulumuke mpaka atakula.

Kubweretsa dziko la akamba am'nyanja kukhala ndi moyo kwa ophunzira pafupi ndi malo omwe ali ndi kamba kwakhala gawo la mapulogalamu oteteza kamba kwazaka zambiri. Ngakhale kuti mabungwe akuluakulu osamalira zachilengedwe ali ndi zothandizira kuyendetsa mapulogalamu athunthu a maphunziro, magulu ambiri a kamba ali ndi antchito ochepa komanso zothandizira, zomwe zimawalola kuti aziyendera maulendo angapo pa nyengo yosungira zisa kusukulu zapafupi. Kuti muthandizire kudzaza kusiyana uku, ONANI Akamba, mogwirizana ndi mabungwe aku Salvador ICAPO, EcoVivandipo Asociación Mangle, akupanga pulogalamu yopangitsa maphunziro a kamba wa m’nyanja kukhala ntchito ya chaka chonse.

Akamba am'nyanja amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, akukhala zisa, kudya, ndikuyenda m'madzi a mayiko opitilira 100. Kutengera komwe amakhala, amakumana ndi ziwopsezo zambiri monga kudya mazira ndi nyama, kugwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo zawo pantchito zamanja, kukodwa ndi zida za usodzi, komanso chitukuko cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pofuna kuthana ndi ziwopsezozi, oteteza zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi amalondera magombe omanga zisa, amapanga zida zophera nsomba zotetezedwa ndi akamba, amapanga mapulogalamu okopa alendo, komanso amaphunzitsa anthu za kufunika koteteza akamba.

Ku El Salvador, kudya mazira a kamba kwakhala kosaloledwa kuyambira 2009, zomwe zimapangitsa maphunziro kukhala chida chofunikira kwambiri pakusamalira. Cholinga chathu ndikukulitsa ntchito za omwe timagwira nawo ntchito kuti abweretse zothandizira kusukulu zam'deralo, kuthandiza aphunzitsi kupanga maphunziro omwe amafikira ophunzira awo m'njira zogwira ntchito komanso zopatsa chidwi. Gawo loyamba, lomwe linamalizidwa mu July, linali lokhala ndi zokambirana za aphunzitsi omwe amagwira ntchito pafupi ndi Jiquilisco Bay, komwe kuli mitundu itatu ya akamba (ma hawksbill, akamba obiriwira, ndi azitona). Malowa ndiye madambo akulu kwambiri mdzikolo ndipo ndi amodzi mwa madera awiri akuluakulu osungira zisa za hawksbill zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, zomwe mwina zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha akamba am'nyanja padziko lonse lapansi.

(Mawu a Chithunzi: Brad Nahill/SEEturtles.org)

Kwa masiku atatu, tinachita misonkhano iwiri ndi aphunzitsi oposa 25 ochokera m’masukulu 15 a m’deralo, omwe anaimira ophunzira oposa 2,000 m’derali. Kuphatikiza apo, tidakhalanso ndi achinyamata angapo ochokera ku Asociación Mangle omwe akutenga nawo gawo mu pulogalamu ya utsogoleri, komanso oyang'anira awiri omwe amathandizira kuyang'anira malowa ndi nthumwi yochokera ku Unduna wa Zamaphunziro. Pulogalamuyi idathandizidwa pang'ono ndi National Geographic's Conservation Trust kuwonjezera pa opereka ena.

Aphunzitsi, monga ana asukulu, amaphunzira bwino pochita kuposa kuonera. ONANI wogwirizanitsa maphunziro a Turtles Celene Nahill (kuwululidwa kwathunthu: iye ndi mkazi wanga) anakonza zokambiranazo kuti zikhale zogwira mtima, ndi maphunziro a biology ndi kasamalidwe kophatikizana ndi zochitika ndi maulendo oyendayenda. Chimodzi mwa zolinga zathu chinali kusiya aphunzitsi ndi masewera osavuta kuti athandize ophunzira awo kumvetsetsa zachilengedwe za kamba za m'nyanja, kuphatikizapo "Mi Vecino Tiene," masewera amtundu wa mipando yomwe otenga nawo mbali amawonetsera khalidwe la nyama zamtundu wa mangrove.

Pa umodzi mwamaulendo opita kumunda, tinatengera gulu loyamba la aphunzitsi kupita ku Jiquilisco Bay kukachita nawo pulogalamu yofufuza ndi akamba akuda (kamba wobiriwira). Akambawa amachokera kutali ngati zilumba za Galapagos kuti azidya udzu wa m'nyanja ya bay. Poona mutu ukutuluka, asodzi omwe amagwira ntchito ndi ICAPO mwamsanga anazungulira kamba ndi ukonde ndikudumphira m'madzi kuti abweretse kamba m'ngalawamo. Atangolowa m'ngalawa, gulu lochita kafukufuku linaika kamba, ndipo anasonkhanitsa deta kuphatikizapo kutalika kwake ndi m'lifupi mwake, ndipo anatenga chitsanzo cha khungu asanachitulutsenso m'madzi.

Kuchepa kwa zisa kumasonyeza kuti zamoyozi sizingakhalepo popanda kugwirizanitsa njira zotetezera mazira, kuonjezera kuswa kwa mazira, kupanga zambiri zamoyo ndi kuteteza malo akuluakulu apanyanja. (Mawu a Chithunzi: Brad Nahill/SEEturtles.org)

Ngakhale kuti ONANI Akamba ndi ICAPO amabweretsa anthu padziko lonse lapansi kuti adzagwire ntchito ndi akambawa, sikovuta kuti anthu okhala pafupi aone kafukufukuyu. Timaona kuti njira yabwino yophunzirira za nyamazi ndi kuzindikira kufunika kwake ndiyo kuziona moyandikana, ndipo aphunzitsiwo anavomera ndi mtima wonse. Tidawatengeranso aphunzitsiwo ku ICAPO komwe kukakhala hatchery kuti akaphunzire momwe ofufuzawo amatetezera mazira a kamba mpaka ataswa.

Chinthu chinanso chosangalatsa pamisonkhanoyi chinali mwayi woti aphunzitsi agwiritse ntchito zida zawo zatsopano ndi gulu la ophunzira. Maphunziro a sitandade yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ochokera kusukulu yoyandikana nawo adabwera pamalo ochitira msonkhanowo ndikuyesa zina mwazochita. Gulu limodzi lidasewera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Rock, Paper, Scissors" momwe ana amapikisana kuti adutse gawo limodzi la moyo wa kamba kupita ku lina, pomwe gulu lina limasewera masewera a "Nkhanu & Hatchlings".

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso cha aphunzitsi okhudza kamba kuwirikiza kawiri pambuyo pa zokambirana, koma zokambiranazi ndi sitepe yoyamba mu pulogalamu ya nthawi yayitali yothandizira ntchito zoteteza kamba ku El Salvador kukhazikitsa maphunziro a maphunziro a kamba. M'miyezi ingapo yotsatira, aphunzitsiwa, ambiri mothandizidwa ndi atsogoleri a achinyamata a Asociación Mangle, adzakonzekera "masiku akamba am'nyanja" kusukulu zawo ndi maphunziro atsopano omwe timapanga. Kuphatikiza apo, makalasi akale ochokera m'masukulu angapo atenga nawo mbali pamapulogalamu ofufuza.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, cholinga chathu ndikulimbikitsa ophunzira aku El Salvador kuti azitha kuwona zodabwitsa za akamba am'madzi m'mabwalo awo komanso kutenga nawo mbali pachitetezo chawo.

http://hawksbill.org/
http://www.ecoviva.org/
http://manglebajolempa.org/
http://www.seeturtles.org/1130/illegal-poaching.html
http://www.seeturtles.org/2938/jiquilisco-bay.html