Sayansi Yapanyanja Ndi Yeniyeni (Gawo Loyamba mwa Awiri)

wanga kutsegula blog wa 2021, ndidayika mndandanda wantchito zoteteza nyanja mu 2021. Mndandandawu udayamba ndikuphatikiza aliyense mwachilungamo. Zoonadi, ndi cholinga cha ntchito zathu zonse nthawi zonse, ndipo chinali cholinga changa choyamba cha blog cha chaka. Chinthu chachiwiri chinayang'ana pa lingaliro lakuti "Sayansi ya m'madzi ndi yeniyeni." Iyi ndi blog yoyamba ya magawo awiri pankhaniyi.

Sayansi yam'madzi ndi yowona, ndipo tiyenera kuyichirikiza ndikuchitapo kanthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuphunzitsa asayansi atsopano, kupangitsa asayansi kutenga nawo mbali pazogawana zasayansi ndi zidziwitso zina mosasamala kanthu komwe amakhala ndikugwira ntchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito deta ndi ziganizo kuti adziwitse mfundo zomwe zimateteza ndikuthandizira zamoyo zonse zam'nyanja.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, ndinafunsidwa ndi 4^th Mtsikana wapasukulu ya Venable Village Elementary School ku Killeen, Texas kuti akachite nawo kalasi. Anasankha akalulu aang'ono kwambiri padziko lonse kukhala nyama ya m'nyanja kuti aziganizira kwambiri za ntchito yake. A vaquita amangofikira kudera laling'ono la kumpoto kwa Gulf of California m'madzi a Mexican. Zinali zovuta kulankhula ndi wophunzira wachangu woteroyo, wokonzekera bwino chonchi ponena za mavuto aakulu a anthu a vaquita—ndizokayikitsa kuti akadzayamba sukulu ya sekondale adzakhala atatsala. Ndipo monga ndinamuuza iye, izo zikuswa mtima wanga.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zokambiranazo ndi zina zomwe ndakhala nazo ndi ophunzira achichepere m'miyezi iwiri yapitayi zimandilimbikitsa monga momwe amachitira nthawi zonse pa ntchito yanga yonse. Aang’ono kwambiri ali patsogolo pa kuphunzira za nyama za m’madzi, nthaŵi zambiri kuyang’ana koyamba pa sayansi ya m’madzi. Ophunzira achikulire akuyang'ana njira zomwe angapitirizire kuchita zofuna zawo mu sayansi ya nyanja pamene amamaliza maphunziro awo aku koleji ndikupita ku ntchito zawo zoyambirira. Asayansi achichepere akufunitsitsa kuwonjezera maluso atsopano ku zida zawo zosungiramo zida kuti amvetsetse madzi akunyanja kwawo. 

Kuno ku The Ocean Foundation, takhala tikugwira ntchito kuti tigwiritse ntchito sayansi yabwino kwambiri m'malo mwa nyanja kuyambira pomwe tinakhazikitsidwa. Tathandizanso kukhazikitsa ma labu apanyanja kumadera akutali, kuphatikiza Laguna San Ignacio ndi Santa Rosalia, ku Baja California Sur, ndi pachilumba cha Vieques ku Puerto Rico, kudzaza mipata yofunika kwambiri pazambiri. Ku Mexico, ntchitoyi yakhudza kwambiri anamgumi ndi nyama zamtunduwu ndi nyama zina zomwe zimasamuka. Ku Vieques, zinali pa toxicology yam'madzi.

Kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri, tagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe apanyanja m'mayiko oposa khumi ndi awiri, kuphatikizapo Cuba ndi Mauritius. Ndipo mwezi watha, pamsonkhano woyamba wa TOF, tidamva kuchokera kwa asayansi ndi aphunzitsi padziko lonse lapansi omwe akulumikiza madontho m'malo mwa asayansi athanzi oteteza nyanja zam'madzi.  

Asayansi apanyanja adziwa kale kuti zilombo zomwe zimadya kwambiri m'nyanja zimathandizira kwambiri kuti chilengedwe chikhale chofanana. Shark Advocates International inakhazikitsidwa ndi Dr. Sonja Fordham mu 2010 kuti onse adziwe za vuto la nsomba za shaki ndikuzindikira ndondomeko ndi malamulo omwe angapangitse mwayi wawo wopulumuka. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa February, Dr. Fordham adafunsidwa ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana ofalitsa nkhani monga wolemba nawo pepala latsopano lowunikiridwa ndi anzawo pa momwe nsomba zimakhalira padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zinasindikizidwa mu Nature. Dr. Fordham adalembanso nawo a lipoti latsopano pa mkhalidwe womvetsa chisoni wa sawfish, imodzi mwa zamoyo za m'nyanja zambiri zosadziwika bwino. 

“Chifukwa cha zaka zambiri zakuti asayansi ndi osamalira zachilengedwe akupitirizabe kutchera khutu ku nsomba za macheka, anthu ayamba kuyamikira kwambiri nsombazi. M'malo ambiri, komabe, tikutha nthawi yoti tiwapulumutse," adatero poyankhulana posachedwapa, "Ndi zida zatsopano za sayansi ndi ndondomeko, mwayi wosintha mafunde a nsomba ndi abwino kuposa kale lonse. Tawunikiranso zomwe zingabweretse nyama zodabwitsazi kuchokera m'mphepete. Timangofunikira maboma kuti achitepo kanthu, nthawi isanathe. ”

Gulu la Ocean Foundation limachitanso Anzake a Havenworth Coastal Conservation, bungwe lotsogozedwa ndi Tonya Wiley yemwenso ndi wodzipereka kwambiri pakusamalira nsomba za macheka, makamaka Florida sawfish yapadera yomwe imayenda m'madzi a Gulf of Mexico. Monga Dr. Fordham, Ms. Wiley akupanga kugwirizana pakati pa sayansi yomwe tikufunikira kuti timvetse kayendedwe ka moyo wa nyama zam'madzi, sayansi yomwe tikufunikira kuti timvetse momwe zilili kuthengo, ndi ndondomeko zomwe tikufunikira kuti tibwezeretse zambiri-ngakhale amayesetsanso kuphunzitsa asayansi, opanga malamulo, ndiponso anthu onse za zolengedwa zodabwitsazi.

Ntchito zina monga Seven Seas Media ndi Tsiku Lapadziko Lonse Lapansi yesetsani kuthandiza kuti sayansi yam'madzi ikhale yomveka komanso yokakamiza, ndikuyilumikiza ndi zochita za munthu payekha. 

Pamsonkhano Wotsegulira, Frances Kinney Lang adalankhula Ocean Connectors pulogalamu yomwe adayambitsa yothandiza ophunzira achichepere kulumikizana ndi nyanja. Masiku ano, gulu lake limayendetsa mapulogalamu omwe amalumikiza ophunzira ku Nayarit, Mexico ndi ophunzira ku San Diego, California, USA. Onse pamodzi, amaphunzira za zamoyo zomwe amakhala nazo mofanana mwa kusamuka—ndipo motero amamvetsetsa bwino kugwirizana kwa nyanja. Ophunzira ake amakhala kuti sanaphunzirepo pang'ono za Pacific Ocean ndi zodabwitsa zake ngakhale amakhala mtunda wochepera 50 mailosi kuchokera m'mphepete mwake. Chiyembekezo chake ndikuthandiza ophunzirawa kuti azikhalabe ndi sayansi yapamadzi moyo wawo wonse. Ngakhale onse sangapitirire mu sayansi yam'madzi, aliyense wa ophunzirawa adzakhala ndi chidziwitso chapadera cha ubale wawo ndi nyanja m'zaka zawo zonse zantchito.

Kaya ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kwa nyanja, chemistry, kuya, kapena zotsatira zina za zochita za anthu panyanja ndi zamoyo za mkati, tiyenera kuchita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti timvetsetse zolengedwa za m'nyanja ndi zomwe tingachite kuti tithandizire kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Sayansi imachirikiza cholinga chimenecho ndi zochita zathu.