Kugona ndi mdani - ngati sitiphunzira kukhala ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndife otayika!

Wolemba Nirmal Jivan Shah wa Nature Seychelles ndi TOF Advisory Board Member
izi Blog adawonekera koyamba mu International Coalition of Tourism Partners Member News

Ndi nkhani yayikulu kwambiri m'moyo wathu - nthano yambiri. Chiwembu mpaka pano: Kodi kusintha kwanyengo kukutikhudza bwanji ndipo tikulimbana ndi chiyani?

Palibe kutsutsana m'maboma ngati Seychelles kuti kusintha kwanyengo kukuchitika. M'malo mwake, mfundo ndi yakuti, kodi timalimbana bwanji ndi gorila wa 500 kilogalamu m'chipindamo? Asayansi, opanga ndondomeko ndi mabungwe omwe siaboma amavomereza kuti pali njira ziwiri zokha zothanirana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Kumodzi kumadziwika kuti kuchepetsa komwe kumatanthauza ndondomeko ndi njira zochepetsera mpweya wa Green House. Zina ndi kusintha komwe kumaphatikizapo kusintha kapena kusintha kwa zisankho, zikhale pamtundu wa dziko, m'deralo kapena payekha zomwe zimawonjezera kupirira kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, kusamutsa misewu ndi zomangamanga zopita kumtunda kuchokera m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha mvula yamkuntho ndi kukwera kwa nyanja ndi zitsanzo za kusintha kwenikweni. Kwa ife ku Seychelles kusintha ndiye njira yokhayo yomwe tingagwire nayo ntchito.

Anthu Ndi Olakwa

M'zaka zapitazi za 20 Seychelles yakumana ndi mvula yamkuntho, mvula yamkuntho, mafunde osasunthika, madzi otentha am'nyanja, El Nino ndi El Nina. Mwamuna yemwe amadula udzu wanga, monga Seychellois onse, amadziwa bwino izi. Pafupifupi zaka 10 zapitazo, atazimiririka kwa nthawi ndithu mlendo wake mwadzidzidzi m'munda mwanga anafotokozedwa ndi 'Mkulu, El Nino pe don mon poum' (Bwana, El Nino akundipatsa zovuta). Komabe seweroli limatha kukhala tsoka. Mu 1997 ndi 1998 mvula yoyambitsa El Nino idayambitsa masoka omwe adawononga pafupifupi 30 mpaka 35 miliyoni Rupees.

Izi zotchedwa masoka, nthawi zambiri, zimakhala ndi mizu mu mtundu wina wa anthu omwe amakhulupirira kuti amadziwa bwino kuposa wina aliyense. Awa ndi anthu omwe amadumphira pa ntchito yomanga, omwe amabisala kwa okonza mapulani komanso amanyoza mainjiniya. Amadula mapiri, amapatutsa nthunzi, kuchotsa zophimba zomera, kumanga makoma m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kubwezeretsa madambo ndi kuyatsa moto wosalamulirika. Zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri ndi masoka: kutsetsereka kwa nthaka, kugwa kwa miyala, kusefukira kwa madzi, kuwonongeka kwa magombe, moto wa m'tchire ndi kugwa kwa nyumba. Osati kokha kuti awononga chilengedwe koma potsirizira pake iwo eni ndi ena. Nthawi zambiri ndi Boma, mabungwe opereka chithandizo ndi makampani a inshuwaransi omwe amayenera kutenga tabu.

Bye Bye Beaches

Mnzake wapamtima amafunitsitsa kugulitsa zinthu zomwe anthu ambiri amaziona kuti ndizofunika kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Wawona kusintha kwa mafunde ndi mafunde kwa zaka zingapo ndipo akukhulupirira kuti katundu wake ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chogwera m'nyanja.

Aliyense amakumbukira mvula yamkuntho yomwe inagunda zilumba zathu chaka chatha. M'buku lofalitsidwa ndi Banki Yadziko Lonse ndi Boma la Seychelles mu 1995 ndinaneneratu kuti mphepo yamkuntho ndi chitukuko cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja zidzawombana. “Kusintha kwanyengo komanso kusintha kwanyengo kungapangitse kuti madera a m’mphepete mwa nyanja atukuke kosatha. Zotsatira zake, izi zidzakulitsa chiwopsezo cha madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku kusintha kwa nyengo komanso kukwera kwa madzi am'nyanja.

Koma si zokhazo! Zowopsa za mvula yamkuntho ya chaka chatha zidawoneka m'malo omwe zomangamanga zidayikidwa pamilu yamchenga kapena ma berms. Izi zikuphatikizapo misewu ngati ya ku Anse a la Mouche kumene madera ena ali pamtunda wa milu, ndi nyumba ndi makoma monga a ku Beau Vallon omangidwa pagombe louma. Tadziika tokha m'njira ya mphamvu zomwe palibe amene angakhoze kuzilamulira. Zabwino zomwe tingachite ndikukonza zatsopano molingana ndi mzere wodziwika bwino womwe timalankhula nthawi zonse koma ulemu wochepa.

Tiye tikambirane za thukuta, mwana ...

Simunalakwe ngati mukumva kuti mukutuluka thukuta kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse. Asayansi tsopano asonyeza kuti kutentha kwa dziko kukuchititsa kuti chinyontho chichuluke komanso kuti anthu azituluka thukuta kwambiri. Kutentha kotentha ndi chinyezi chambiri kudzakhudza thanzi ndi moyo wa anthu komanso nyama zakuthengo. Okalamba adzakhala pachiwopsezo. Alendo atha kupeza kuti ku Seychelles sikukhala bwino kapena kukhala kunyumba chifukwa kukuzizira.

Kafukufuku watsopano wofalitsidwa mu nyuzipepala yotchuka ya Nature akuwonetsa kuti pofika 2027 Seychelles idzalowa m'malo otentha kwambiri omwe sanakhalepo. Mwanjira ina, chaka chozizira kwambiri ku Seychelles pambuyo pa 2027 chidzakhala chofunda kuposa chaka chotentha kwambiri chomwe chidachitikapo mzaka 150 zapitazi. Olemba a kafukufukuyu amatchula mfundoyi ngati "kunyamuka kwa nyengo."

Tiyenera kuyamba kuzolowera Seychelles yotentha pokonzanso zomangamanga. Nyumba zatsopano ndi nyumba ziyenera kupangidwa kuti zizizizira bwino potengera "zomangamanga zobiriwira". Mafani amphamvu adzuwa ndi zoziziritsira mpweya ziyenera kukhala chizolowezi mnyumba zakale. Zowonadi, tiyenera kufufuza kuti ndi mitengo iti yomwe ingaziziritse madera akumatauni mwachangu kudzera mumthunzi ndi kutentha.

Mawu a F

Mawu a F pankhaniyi ndi Chakudya. Ndikufuna kukambirana za kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kusowa kwa chakudya komwe kukubwera. Seychelles ili komaliza ku Africa pankhani yazachuma pazaulimi. Kusintha kwanyengo kumabwera chifukwa choyang'anira mkhalidwe wowopsawu. Nyengo yoipa yakhudza kwambiri ulimi ku Seychelles. Mvula yosawerengeka imawononga mafamu ndipo chilala chotalikirapo chimabweretsa kulephera komanso zovuta. Mitundu ndi kufalikira kwa mitundu ya tizilombo ikuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha mvula yambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi kutentha.

Seychelles ilinso ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la mpweya wa carbon ku Africa. Mbali yabwino ya izi imabwera chifukwa chodalira kwambiri zinthu zomwe zimachokera kunja zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa zakudya. Njira zatsopano zopangira kulima koyenera ndizofunikira kuti pakhale bata ndi chilengedwe. Tiyenera kutengera ulimi kupitilira minda yachikale ndikupangitsa kuti aliyense akhale wotanganidwa kuti tikhale ndi njira yopangira chakudya chanzeru mdziko muno. Tiyenera kuthandizira kulima m'nyumba ndi m'madera m'madera onse a dziko ndikuphunzitsa njira zanzeru za nyengo ndi zachilengedwe. Limodzi mwamalingaliro omwe ndawafalitsa ndi "kukongoletsa malo" komwe kuli kotheka m'matauni athu onse.

Kusintha kwa Nyengo kukundidwalitsa

Kusintha kwanyengo kumatha kuonjezera ziwopsezo za Chikungunya, Dengue ndi matenda ena omwe amafalitsidwa ndi udzudzu m'njira zingapo. Njira imodzi ndiyo kuonjezera kutentha kumene matenda ambiri ndi udzudzu zimakula, ndipo ina mwa kusintha mvula kuti madzi ambiri azipezeka m’malo moti udzudzu ubeleke.

Akuluakulu azaumoyo anena kuti lamulo loletsa udzudzu likhazikitsidwe ndikutsatiridwa mwamphamvu monga ku Singapore ndi Malaysia. Izi ndi njira zina zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri chifukwa kusintha kwa nyengo kungayambitsenso kuchuluka kwa udzudzu.

Anthu ali ndi udindo waukulu woonetsetsa kuti malo oberekera udzudzu atha. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka mu nthawi zovuta zachuma izi pamene machitidwe olimbana ndi chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe zimayamba kufooka pansi pa zovuta.

Sinthani Osachita

Kukonzekera kusintha kwa nyengo kungapulumutse miyoyo, koma kuti tipulumuke tiyeneranso kuthandiza anthu kuti asakhale pachiopsezo komanso kukhala olimba. Pakadali pano onse aku Seychellois mwachiyembekezo akudziwa za kukonzekera tsoka. Mabungwe aboma ndi mabungwe omwe siaboma monga Red Cross onse akhala akukambirana zakukonzekera masoka. Koma, tsoka lomwe lidachitika pambuyo pa Cyclone Felleng likutsimikizira kuti anthu ndi zomangamanga sizokhazikika mokwanira kuti athe kupirira zochitika ngati izi.

Mavuto akuchulukirachulukira chifukwa anthu ochulukirachulukira komanso malo okwera mtengo akukhazikitsidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kuwonongeka kwa mphepo yamkuntho kumakhala kokwera mtengo chifukwa nyumba ndi zomangamanga ndizokulirapo, zambiri komanso zapamwamba kuposa kale.

Bungwe la National Disaster Relief Fund, lomwe ndine membala wake, latha kuthandiza mabanja ambiri osowa omwe anakhudzidwa ndi mvula ya Felleng. Koma zochitika zambiri ngati Felleng zidzachitika mtsogolo. Kodi mabanja omwewo adzatha bwanji?

Pali mayankho ambiri koma titha kuyang'ana pang'ono. Tikudziwa kuchokera mu zomwe takumana nazo kuti inshuwaransi, ma code omanga, ndi ntchito za uinjiniya monga ngalande zinali zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zidakhudza momwe tidathanirana ndi kuwonongeka kwa chimphepo chamkuntho ndi kusefukira kwamadzi pambuyo pa mvula yamkuntho. Anthu ambiri akuwoneka kuti alibe inshuwaransi ya kusefukira kwa madzi ndipo ambiri amanga nyumba zopanda madzi amkuntho, mwachitsanzo. Izi ndizinthu zazikulu zomwe ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuwongoleredwa chifukwa kusinthaku kumatha kuchepetsa mavuto ambiri m'tsogolomu.

Flight Osati Nkhondo

Ndizopanda nzeru: kuyang'ana ku Port Victoria ndipo wina amazindikira nthawi yomweyo kuti mwina taluza kale nkhondo yolimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Doko lazamalonda ndi usodzi, alonda a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ozimitsa moto ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi, kupanga magetsi, ndi malo osungiramo chakudya ndi simenti zonse zili m'dera lomwe lingakhale ndi vuto lalikulu la kusintha kwa nyengo. Ngakhale bwalo la ndege la Seychelles International lamangidwa pamalo otsika omwe adalandidwanso, ngakhale iyi inali nthawi yomwe kusintha kwanyengo kunalibe lingaliro.

Madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanjawa amatha kukhala ndi kukwera kwa nyanja, mikuntho komanso kusefukira kwamadzi. Zomwe akatswiri akusintha kwanyengo amatcha "njira yobwerera" zingakhale zoyenera kuyang'ana zina mwa izi. Malo ena ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi, chakudya ndi kusungirako mafuta ndi kutulutsa mphamvu ziyenera kukhala zofunikira zokambirana za njira yamtsogolo ya dziko.

Ndinakulonjezani Munda wa Coral

Mu 1998, Seychelles adakumana ndi vuto lalikulu lakuda kwa ma coral chifukwa cha kutentha kwanyanja zam'nyanja, zomwe zidapangitsa kugwa ndi kufa kwa ma coral ambiri. Matanthwe a Coral ndi madera ofunikira kwambiri pazamoyo zamitundumitundu komanso malo oswana nsomba ndi zamoyo zina zomwe chuma cha Seychelles chimadalira. Matanthwe amakhalanso ngati njira yoyamba yodzitetezera ku kukwera kwa madzi a m'nyanja.

Popanda matanthwe athanzi a coral, Seychelles ingataye ndalama zamtengo wapatali zokhudzana ndi zokopa alendo ndi usodzi komanso zitha kukulitsa chiwopsezo chake pachiwopsezo chambiri komanso masoka okhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Njira yosangalatsa komanso yosinthika yosinthira posachedwapa ndi pulojekiti ya Reef Rescuer yomwe ikuchitika kuzungulira zilumba za Praslin ndi Cousin. Iyi ndi pulojekiti yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi yamtunduwu pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya “kulima m'matanthwe a m'mphepete mwa nyanja”. Ntchito yobwezeretsanso sikufuna "kubwerera m'mbuyo" koma ikufuna kumanga matanthwe omwe angathe kupirira kusintha kwa nyengo makamaka kutentha.

Osalowerera Ndale pa Kusintha kwa Nyengo - Khalani Opanda Pakatikati pa Mpweya wa Carbon

Zaka zingapo zapitazo kunali kukwiya kwanuko chifukwa cha nkhani ya m’nyuzipepala ya ku Germany yomwe inali ndi mutu wakuti “Sylt, osati Seychelles.” Nyuzipepalayi inali kulimbikitsa anthu olemera a ku Germany kuti asamawuluke kupita kumadera akutali ngati Seychelles koma kuti azipita kutchuthi kumadera apafupi kwambiri ngati chilumba cha Sylt chifukwa cha kutentha kwa dziko komwe kumadza chifukwa cha maulendo ataliatali a pandege.

Pepala lasayansi lolembedwa ndi Pulofesa Gossling waku Sweden limapereka ziwerengero zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti zokopa alendo ku Seychelles zimapanga gawo lalikulu lazachilengedwe. Mapeto ake ndi akuti zokopa alendo ku Seychelles sizinganenedwe kuti ndizogwirizana ndi chilengedwe komanso kuti sizingasamalire chilengedwe. Iyi ndi nkhani yoyipa chifukwa ambiri mwa alendo obwera ku Seychelles ndi aku Europe omwe amazindikira kuteteza chilengedwe.

Kupereka ulendo wopanda mlandu wopita ku chilumba cha Cousin Special Reserve Nature Seychelles adasintha Cousin kukhala chilumba choyambirira padziko lonse lapansi chosalowerera ndale komanso malo osungiramo zachilengedwe pogula makhadi a carbon offset pamapulojekiti ovomerezeka osintha nyengo. Ndinayambitsa ndondomeko yosangalatsayi ku Seychelles Tourism Expo yoyamba pamaso pa Purezidenti Bambo James Alix Michel, Bambo Alain St.Ange ndi ena. Zilumba zina ku Seychelles, monga La Digue, tsopano zitha kutsata njira ya carbon.

Ndalama Zatayika Koma Chuma Chachikhalidwe Chapeza

"Fakitale ya tuna yatsekedwa ndipo ndikufuna ntchito". Magda, mmodzi wa anansi anga, anali kunena za fakitale yopangira ziboliboli ku Indian Ocean yomwe inatsekedwa kwakanthawi mu 1998. Kampani ya Seychelles Breweries inatsekanso kupanga kwa kanthawi. Chaka chimenecho, madzi otentha a pamwamba pa nyanja ya Indian Ocean anachititsa kuti matanthwe akuda kwambiri komanso kusintha kwakukulu pakupezeka kwa nsomba za tuna m’mabwato ophera nsomba. Chilala chotalikirapo chomwe chinatsatira chidapangitsa kuti mafakitale atsekedwe kwakanthawi komanso kutayika kwa ndalama m'gawo la zokopa alendo. Mvula yaikulu modabwitsa imene inadza pambuyo pake inachititsa kuti mathithi ndi kusefukira kwa madzi.

Mu 2003, chochitika china chanyengo chomwe chinali ndi zotsatira ngati chimphepo chinawononga zilumba za Praslin, Curieuse, Cousin ndi Cousine. Zowonongeka pazachuma ndi zachuma zinali zokulirapo kotero kuti zidabweretsa gulu la United Nations Environment Programme kuti liwunike zomwe zawonongeka. Tsunami sinayambike chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo koma munthu amatha kuganiza mozama mafunde ofanana chifukwa cha kukwera kwa nyanja, mvula yamkuntho komanso mafunde akulu. Zotsatira za Tsunami ndi mvula yamkuntho zomwe zidatsatira zidapangitsa kuti chiwonongeko cha US $ 300 miliyoni.

Uthenga woipa umachepetsedwa ndi chikhalidwe chabwino cha anthu m'dzikoli. Kafukufuku wochita upainiya wochitidwa ndi ofufuza a ku Britain ndi America asonyeza kuti Seychelles, m'mayiko onse a m'derali, akhoza kukhala ndi chikhalidwe chapamwamba cha chikhalidwe cha anthu kuti agwirizane ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Poyerekeza ndi kunena ku Kenya ndi Tanzania komwe kusodza mochulukira, kuwuka kwa ma coral, kuyipitsa ndi zina zotero zikukankhira anthu pansi pamsampha waumphawi, kuchuluka kwachitukuko cha anthu ku Seychelles kumatanthauza kuti anthu atha kupeza njira zaukadaulo ndi zina zothetsera vutoli.

People Power

Purezidenti James Michel wanena kuti anthu akuyenera kugawana eni ake am'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pulezidenti adalankhula izi mchaka cha 2011 paulendo wake woyendera madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komwe kumakonda kukokoloka. Purezidenti adati anthu sangadalire boma kuchita chilichonse. Ndikukhulupirira kuti iyi ndi imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri zokhudza chilengedwe m'zaka 30 zapitazi.

M'mbuyomu, ndondomeko ku Seychelles ndi momwe akuluakulu aboma adachitira pakusintha kwanyengo ndi zovuta zina zachilengedwe zasiya nzika ndi magulu atasiyanitsidwa pokhudzana ndi kusintha kwenikweni. Ndi magulu ena a anthu omwe adatha kudutsa kuti apereke zotsatira zabwino.

Tsopano zakhazikitsidwa m'magulu a mayiko kuti "mphamvu za anthu" zili pamtima pa kuyesetsa kuthetsa kusintha kwa nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la European Environment Agency linanena kuti “ntchitoyi ndi yaikulu kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yake ndi yothina kwambiri moti sitingathenso kuyembekezera kuti maboma achitepo kanthu.”

Choncho yankho la kusintha kwa nyengo lili m’manja mwa anthu ambiri osati ochepa m’boma. Koma zoona zake n’zakuti zimenezi zingatheke bwanji? Kodi mphamvuzo zingaperekedwe kuchokera ku Unduna wotsogolera kupita ku mabungwe a anthu ndipo kodi lamulo limapereka "mphamvu za anthu?"

Inde, zonse zilipo. Ndime 40 (e) ya Constitution ya Seychelles imati "Ndiudindo wofunikira ku Seychellois iliyonse kuteteza, kusunga ndi kukonza chilengedwe." Izi zimapereka ufulu wovomerezeka mwalamulo kuti mabungwe a anthu akhale mtsogoleri wamkulu.

Nirmal Jivan Shah wa ku Nature Seychelles, wodziwa zachilengedwe komanso wolemekezeka ku Seychelles adafalitsa nkhaniyi m'nyuzipepala ya mlungu ndi mlungu ya "The People" ku Seychelles.

Seychelles ndi membala woyambitsa wa Mgwirizano Wapadziko Lonse Wothandizana Nawo ku Tourism (ICTP) [1]