Southern California Marine Mammal Workshop

Wolemba Mark J. Spalding, Purezidenti, The Ocean Foundation

Chipindacho chinali chamoyo ndi moni ndi macheza pamene otenga nawo mbali amasonkhana pa gawo loyamba. Tinali kumalo a msonkhano ku Pacific Life kwa chaka cha 5th Southern California Marine Mammal Workshop. Kwa ofufuza ambiri, madotolo, ndi akatswiri azamalamulo, aka kanali koyamba kuonana kuyambira chaka chatha. Ndipo ena anali atsopano ku msonkhanowo, koma osati kumunda, ndipo iwonso anapeza mabwenzi akale. Msonkhanowu udafika pachimake cha otenga nawo mbali 175, atangoyamba ndi 77 chaka choyamba.

Ocean Foundation yanyadira kuchita nawo mwambowu ndi a Pacific Life Foundation, ndipo msonkhanowu ukupitirizabe mwambo wabwino wopereka mwayi wolumikizana ndi ofufuza ena, ogwira ntchito m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'madzi opulumutsira zinyama zam'madzi, komanso ndi ochepa omwe ntchito yawo ya moyo imazungulira ndondomeko ndi malamulo omwe amateteza zinyama zam'madzi. . Tennyson Oyler, Purezidenti watsopano wa Pacific Life Foundation, adatsegula msonkhanowo ndipo maphunziro adayamba.

Panali uthenga wabwino. Nkhumba zapadoko zabwerera ku San Francisco Bay kwa nthawi yoyamba pafupifupi zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, zikuyang'aniridwa ndi ofufuza omwe amapezerapo mwayi pamisonkhano ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya nkhumba zomwe zimadya pafupi ndi Golden Gate Bridge panthawi ya mafunde. Zosokera zomwe sizinachitikepo za ana ang'onoang'ono okwana 1600 a mkango wam'madzi kumapeto kwa masika zikuwoneka kuti sizingabwerezenso chaka chino. Kumvetsetsa kwatsopano za kuphatikizika kwapachaka kwa mitundu ikuluikulu yosamukirako monga anamgumi akulu a blue whale kuyenera kuthandizira njira yofunsira kusintha kwa mayendedwe opita ku Los Angeles ndi San Francisco m'miyezi yomwe ali kumeneko.

Gulu la masanawa linayang'ana pa kuthandiza asayansi ndi akatswiri ena a zinyama za m'nyanja kunena nkhani zawo mogwira mtima. Gulu lolankhulanali linaphatikizapo anthu ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana. Wokamba nkhani yamadzulo anali Dr. Bernd Würsig wodziwika bwino yemwe ndi mkazi wake adamaliza kafukufuku wochulukirapo, adalangiza ophunzira ochulukirapo, ndikuthandizira zoyesayesa zambiri zakukulitsa gawoli kuposa momwe asayansi ambiri amakhala ndi nthawi, mochepera kupanga mwayi, wochita.

Loweruka linali tsiku limene tinatembenukira ku nkhani imene ili patsogolo pa zokambirana zambiri zokhudza ubale wa anthu ndi nyama zoyamwitsa za m’madzi: nkhani yakuti kaya nyama za m’madzi ziyenera kusungidwa muukapolo kapena kuŵeteredwa ku ukapolo, kusiyapo nyama zopulumutsidwa zimene zili mu ukapolo. zoonongeka kwambiri kuti zisapulumuke kuthengo.

Wokamba nkhomaliro adasokoneza magawo a masana: Dr. Lori Marino wochokera ku Kimmela Center for Animal Advocacy ndi Center for Ethics pa yunivesite ya Emory, pofotokoza za ngati nyama zam'madzi zimachita bwino ngati zili mu ukapolo. Nkhani yake ikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule mu mfundo zotsatirazi, kutengera kafukufuku wake ndi zomwe adakumana nazo zomwe zamufikitsa ku lingaliro lalikulu lakuti cetaceans sakhala bwino mu ukapolo. Chifukwa chiyani?

Choyamba, nyama zoyamwitsa za m’madzi ndi zanzeru, zozindikira komanso zimadzilamulira. Iwo ali odziimira pawokha komanso ovuta - amatha kusankha okondedwa pakati pa gulu lawo lachiyanjano.

Chachiwiri, zoyamwitsa zam’madzi zimafunika kuyenda; kukhala ndi chilengedwe chosiyanasiyana; lamulirani miyoyo yawo ndikukhala mbali ya chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Chachitatu, zoyamwitsa zam'madzi zomwe zili m'madzi zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kufa. Ndipo, palibe kusintha kwazaka zopitilira 20 pakuweta ziweto.

Chachinayi, kaya kuthengo kapena ku ukapolo, chomwe chimayambitsa imfa ndi matenda, ndipo mu ukapolo, matenda amayamba chifukwa cha thanzi labwino la mano ali mu ukapolo chifukwa cha khalidwe laukapolo lomwe limachititsa kuti nyama za m'madzi ziyambe kutafuna (kapena kuyesa kutafuna). ) pazitsulo zachitsulo ndi konkire.

Chachisanu, zoyamwitsa zam'madzi zomwe zili muukapolo zikuwonetsanso kupsinjika kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke komanso kufa msanga.

Kugwidwa sichibadwa kwa nyama. Mitundu yamakhalidwe omwe amakakamizidwa ndi maphunziro a nyama zam'madzi kuti azichita muwonetsero akuwoneka kuti amabweretsa mitundu yazovuta zomwe zimayambitsa khalidwe lomwe silimachitika kuthengo. Mwachitsanzo palibe kuukiridwa kotsimikizika kwa anthu ndi orcas kuthengo. Komanso, akutsutsa kuti tikupita kale ku chisamaliro chabwino ndi kuyang'anira ubale wathu ndi zinyama zina zomwe zasinthika kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi machitidwe ovuta a chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi machitidwe osamukira. Njovu zocheperako zimaonekera m’malo osungiramo nyama chifukwa zimafuna malo okulirapo komanso kucheza ndi anthu. Maukonde ambiri ofufuza kafukufuku asiya kuyesa anyani ndi anthu ena a m'banja la nyani.

Mapeto a Dr. Marino anali oti kugwidwa sikugwira ntchito kwa nyama zam'madzi, makamaka ma dolphin ndi orcas. Iye anagwira mawu katswiri wa zinyama za m’madzi, Dr. Naomi Rose, amene analankhula pambuyo pake tsiku limenelo, kuti, “kuvuta [kumaganiziridwa] kwa kuthengo sikuli chifukwa cha mkhalidwe waukapolo.”

Gulu la masana lidakambirananso nkhani ya nyama zam'madzi zomwe zili mu ukapolo, makamaka ma orcas ndi ma dolphin. Anthu amene amakhulupirira kuti nyama zoyamwitsa za m’madzi siziyenera kusungidwa m’ndende amatsutsa kuti tsopano yafika nthawi yoti tisiye mapologalamu oweta akapolo, kupanga dongosolo lochepetsera chiŵerengero cha nyama zimene zili mu ukapolo, ndi kuleka kugwira nyama kuti zisonyezedwe kapena kuchita zinthu zina. Iwo amati makampani ochita zosangalatsa omwe amapeza phindu ali ndi chidwi cholimbikitsa lingaliro lakuti nyama zoyamwitsa zoseweredwa ndi zowonetsera zina zimatha kukhala bwino ndi chisamaliro choyenera, chisonkhezero, ndi chilengedwe. Momwemonso, aquaria omwe akugula nyama zomwe zagwidwa kumene kuchokera kumadera akutchire kutali ndi United States ali ndi chidwi chotere, akuti. Zindikirani kuti mabungwewa amathandiziranso kwambiri pakugwira ntchito limodzi kuti athandize pa nthawi ya kutsekeka kwa nyama zam'madzi, kupulumutsa kofunikira, komanso kafukufuku wofunikira. Otsutsa ena a kuthekera kwa kulumikizana kwenikweni kwa nyama zam'madzi za anthu amati zolembera za ma dolphin ofufuza zapamadzi zili zotseguka kumapeto kwenikweni kwamtunda. M’lingaliro lake, ma dolphin amatha kuchoka mwaufulu ndipo amasankha kusachoka—ofufuza amene amawafufuza amakhulupirira kuti ma dolphin anasankha bwino lomwe.

Nthawi zambiri, pali madera ambiri ogwirizana kwenikweni, ngakhale madera ena amatsutsana pakuwonetsa, magwiridwe antchito, komanso kufunika kwa maphunziro omwe ali mundende. Nthawi zambiri amavomereza kuti:
Nyama zimenezi ndi zanzeru kwambiri, zocholoŵana ndi umunthu wosiyana.
Si mitundu yonse ya zinyama kapena zinyama zonse zomwe zimayenera kuwonetsedwa, zomwe ziyenera kuchititsa kuti pakhale kusiyana (ndipo mwinamwake kumasulidwa) komanso.
Nyama zambiri zopulumutsidwa za m'madzi zomwe zili mu ukapolo sizikanatha kukhala kuthengo chifukwa cha kuvulala komwe kunapangitsa kuti apulumutsidwe.
Timadziwa zinthu zokhudza thupi la ma dolphin ndi nyama zina zam'madzi chifukwa cha kafukufuku wogwidwa ukapolo zomwe sitikanadziwa.
Mchitidwewu ukupita ku mabungwe ocheperako omwe ali ndi nyama zam'madzi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ku United States ndi European Union, ndipo izi zikuyenera kupitilirabe, koma zathetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama zowonetsedwa ku Asia.
Pali njira zabwino zosungira nyama ku ukapolo zomwe zimayenera kukhazikitsidwa ndikutsatiridwa m'mabungwe onse ndikuti maphunziro akuyenera kukhala ankhanza, ndikusinthidwa mosalekeza pamene tikuphunzira zambiri.
Mapulani akuyenera kuchitidwa m'mabungwe ambiri kuti athetse ntchito yovomerezeka ya anthu a orcas, dolphin, ndi nyama zina zam'madzi, chifukwa ndichofunikanso kwa anthu ndi owongolera omwe amawayankha.

Kungakhale kupusa kunamizira kuti mbali zonse ziŵirizo zimagwirizana mokwanira kuti apeze yankho losavuta la funso lakuti ngati ma dolphin, orcas, ndi nyama zina za m’madzi ziyenera kusungidwa m’ndende. Zomverera zimayenderana kwambiri ndi kufunika kwa kafukufuku wogwidwa ukapolo ndikuwonetsa pagulu pakuwongolera ubale wamunthu ndi anthu amtchire. Maganizo amayenderana kwambiri ndi zolimbikitsa zomwe mabungwe amagula nyama zogwidwa kuthengo, zolinga zopezera phindu kwa mabungwe ena, komanso funso lodziwika bwino loti kaya nyama zakuthengo zanzeru zopanda ufulu ziyenera kusungidwa m'makola ang'onoang'ono m'magulu amagulu osasankha okha, kapena choyipirapo, mu ukapolo payekha.

Zotsatira za zokambiranazo zinali zoonekeratu: palibe njira imodzi yomwe ingagwirizane ndi zonse zomwe zingatheke. Mwina, komabe, tikhoza kuyamba pomwe mbali zonse zimagwirizana ndikusamukira ku malo omwe njira yomwe timayendetsera kafukufuku wathu ikusowa meshes ndi kumvetsa kwathu ufulu wa oyandikana nawo nyanja. Msonkhano wapachaka wa zanyama zam'madzi wakhazikitsa maziko omvetsetsana ngakhale akatswiri a zamoyo zam'madzi akutsutsana. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazotsatira zabwino zambiri za msonkhano wapachaka chifukwa tathandizidwa.

Ku The Ocean Foundation, timalimbikitsa kuteteza ndi kusunga nyama za m'madzi ndipo timayesetsa kupeza njira zabwino zoyendetsera ubale wa anthu ndi zolengedwa zokongolazi kuti tigawane mayankhowo ndi gulu la nyama zam'madzi padziko lonse lapansi. Marine Mammal Fund yathu ndiye galimoto yabwino kwambiri yothandizira kuyesetsa kwathu kutero.