Sundarban Spill: Mangroves ndi ma dolphin omwe ali pachiwopsezo

Wolemba Mark J. Spalding, Purezidenti

Lachiwiri m'mawa, tinadzuka ndi kumva zoipa za ngozi ya sitima yapamadzi m'madzi a Bangladesh. Southern Star-7, tanker idawombana ndi sitima ina ndipo zotsatira zake zidatayika pafupifupi magaloni 92,000 amafuta akung'anjo. Kutumiza m'njira kunayimitsidwa ndipo sitima yomwe idamirayo idakokedwa bwino padoko Lachinayi, kuletsa kutayikira kwina. Komabe, mafuta otayirawa akupitilirabe kufalikira kudera lina lachilengedwe lofunika kwambiri m'derali, nkhalango ya mangrove ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja yotchedwa Sundarbans, malo a UNESCO World Heritage Site kuyambira 1997 komanso malo otchuka oyendera alendo.  

Pafupi ndi Bay of Bengal ku Indian Ocean, Sundarbans ndi dera lomwe limadutsa Ganges, Brahmaputra ndi Meghna river deltas, ndikupanga nkhalango yayikulu kwambiri ya mangrove padziko lonse lapansi. Kumakhala nyama zosowa ngati akambuku aku Bengal ndi mitundu ina yomwe ili pachiwopsezo monga ma dolphin a m'mitsinje (Irawaddy ndi Ganges) ndi python zaku India. Bangladesh idakhazikitsa madera otetezedwa a dolphin mu 2011 pomwe akuluakulu adazindikira kuti a Sundarbans amakhala ndi ma dolphin odziwika kwambiri aku Irawaddy. Kutumiza kwamalonda kudaletsedwa m'madzi ake kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 koma boma lidaloleza kutsegulidwanso kwakanthawi kwa njanji yakale yoyendetsa sitimayo potsatira kusefukira kwa njira ina mu 2011.

Ma dolphin aku Irawaddy amakula mpaka mamita asanu ndi atatu m'litali. Ndi ma dolphin opanda milomo a blue-grey omwe ali ndi mutu wozungulira komanso zakudya zomwe makamaka zimakhala nsomba. Amagwirizana kwambiri ndi orca ndipo ndi dolphin okha omwe amadziwika kuti amalavula pamene akudya komanso kucheza. Kupatula chitetezo chapamadzi, zomwe ziwopseza a Irawaddy zikuphatikiza kukodwa mu zida za usodzi komanso kutayika kwa malo okhala chifukwa cha chitukuko cha anthu komanso kukwera kwa nyanja.  

Lero m’mawa, tinamva kuchokera ku BBC, kuti “mkulu wa oyang’anira doko la m’deralo anauza atolankhani kuti asodzi adzagwiritsa ntchito ‘masiponji ndi matumba’ potola mafuta otayira, omwe afalikira kudera la makilomita 80.” Ngakhale kuti akuluakulu a boma akutumiza anthu omwaza m’derali, n’zodziwikiratu kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kungapindulitse ma dolphin, mitengo ya mangrove, kapena nyama zina zimene zili m’dziko lolemerali. M'malo mwake, poganizira zomwe zikubwera kuchokera ku tsoka la 2010 Deepwater Horizon ku Gulf of Mexico, tikudziwa kuti ogawa amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa za nthawi yayitali pazamoyo zam'nyanja, komanso kupitilira apo, kuti asokoneze kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kwamafuta m'madzi. , kuonetsetsa kuti ikukhala pansi pa nyanja ndipo ikhoza kusonkhezeredwa ndi namondwe.

Tonse tikudziwa kuti zinthu zomwe zili mumafuta (kuphatikiza zinthu monga gasi kapena dizilo) zitha kukhala zakupha ku zomera ndi nyama, kuphatikiza anthu. Kuonjezera apo, kuthira mafuta mbalame za m’nyanja ndi nyama zina za m’nyanja kungathe kuchepetsa mphamvu yawo yoyendetsera kutentha kwa thupi, zomwe zimachititsa kuti afe. Kuchotsa mafuta kudzera m'mabomu ndi njira zina ndi njira imodzi. Kupaka mankhwala dispersants ndi zina.