Kupulumuka Zaka Miliyoni 500 Ndikuzimiririka M'kuphethira Kwa Diso: Nkhani ya Chambered Nautilus.

Wolemba: Gregory Jeff Barord, PhD Student, City University of New York - Graduate Center, City University of New York - Brooklyn College

Tsiku 1: Tidafika ku Philippines pakati pausiku titayenda pafupifupi maola 24 kuchokera ku New York City, ndikudikirira ku South Korea, mpaka ku Cebu, Philippines. Mwamwayi, mnzathu waku Filipino akutidikirira kunja kwa bwalo la ndege ndikumwetulira kwakukulu komanso galimoto yayikulu kutitengera ku hotelo yathu. Ndi kumwetulira komwe kumakupangitsani kuyang'ana mbali yowoneka bwino ya zinthu ndikutsimikizira kufunikira paulendowu komanso miyezi 16 ikubwerayi. Titakweza matumba 13 a katundu m'galimoto, timapita ku hotelo ndikuyamba kukonzekera kafukufuku. M'masiku 17 otsatira tikhala tikusonkhanitsa deta kuti tiwone kuchuluka kwa ma nautilus pafupi ndi chilumba cha Bohol m'chigawo chapakati cha Philippines.

Mzere wa nautilus, kapena banja, wakhalapo kwa zaka pafupifupi 500 miliyoni. Poyerekeza, shaki zakhala zikuzungulira zaka 350 miliyoni, zoyamwitsa kwa zaka 225 miliyoni, ndipo anthu amakono akhalapo kwa zaka 200,000 zokha. Pazaka 500 miliyoni izi, mawonekedwe a nautilus sanasinthe kwambiri ndipo pachifukwa ichi, nautilus nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "zamoyo zakale" chifukwa zamoyo zam'madzi zomwe zili m'nyanja zamasiku ano zimafanana kwambiri ndi makolo awo akale. Nautilus anali umboni wa zamoyo zambiri zatsopano zomwe zidachitika padziko lapansi pano ndipo adapulumukanso kutha konse komwe kudawononga nyama zina zambiri.

Nautilus ndi octopus, squid, ndi cuttlefish; pamodzi, nyama zimenezi zonse kupanga Class Cephalopoda. Ambiri aife timadziwa octopus ndi nyamayi chifukwa cha luso lawo lodabwitsa losintha mitundu komanso machitidwe anzeru. Komabe, ma nautilus sangathe kusintha mtundu ndipo amawonedwa ngati opanda nzeru poyerekeza ndi achibale awo a octopus. (Ngakhale, ntchito yaposachedwa ikuyamba kusintha malingaliro amenewo). Ma nautilus amasiyananso ndi ma cephalopods ena chifukwa ali ndi chipolopolo chakunja, chamizeremizere pomwe ma cephalopods ena onse amakhala ndi chipolopolo chamkati kapena alibe chipolopolo. Ngakhale kuti chipolopolo cholimba chamizeremizerechi chimathandiza kuti chigobacho chiziyenda bwino komanso kuti chitetezeke, chasandukanso chinthu chofunika kwambiri.

Tili ku Philippines chifukwa ngakhale kuti ma nautilus akhalapo kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, chiwerengero chawo chikuwoneka kuti chikuchepa chifukwa cha kusodza kosalamulirika. Nsomba za Nautilus zidaphulika m'ma 1970 chifukwa zipolopolo zawo zidakhala chinthu chamtengo wapatali pamalonda ndipo zidatumizidwa ndikugulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Chigobacho chimagulitsidwa momwe chilili koma chimaphwanyidwa ndikupangidwa kukhala zinthu zina monga mabatani, zokongoletsera, ndi zodzikongoletsera. Tsoka ilo, panalibe malamulo oti awonetse kuchuluka kwa ma nautilus omwe akugwidwa. Zotsatira zake, anthu ambiri a nautilus adagwa ndipo samathandizanso usodzi kotero kuti msodzi adasamukira kumalo ena. Kuzungulira kumeneku kwapitirirabe m’madera ambiri m’zaka 40 zapitazi.

Chifukwa chiyani panalibe malamulo? Chifukwa chiyani panalibe kuyang'anira? N’chifukwa chiyani magulu oteteza zachilengedwe akhala akusiya kugwira ntchito? Yankho lalikulu ku mafunso awa ndi ena ndikuti panalibe deta yasayansi yokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu otchedwa nautilus komanso momwe nsomba zimakhudzira. Popanda deta iliyonse, n'zosatheka kuchita chilichonse. Mu 2010, United States Fish and Wildlife Service inapereka ndalama zothandizira ntchito yomwe ingatsimikizire, kamodzi kokha, momwe zaka 40 zausodzi wosalamulirika zakhala nazo pa chiwerengero cha nautilus. Gawo loyamba la polojekitiyi linali kupita ku Philippines ndikukayesa anthu a nautilus m'derali pogwiritsa ntchito misampha ya nyambo.

Tsiku 4: Gulu lathu lafika pamalo athu ofufuzira pachilumba cha Bohol titayenda pa boti kwa maola atatu, ndi katundu wochulukirapo, kuchokera ku Cebu kupita ku Bohol. Tikhala pano kwa milungu iwiri ikubwerayi kuyesa kusonkhanitsa zambiri za kuchuluka kwa anthu a nautilus ku Bohol.

Khalani tcheru pa blog yotsatira ya ulendowu ndi kafukufuku!

Wamoyo: Gregory Jeff Barord pano ndi wophunzira wa PhD ku New York City ndipo akufufuza luso la kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira za nautilus ndikuchita kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka kukula kwa anthu. Gregory wakhala akuchita kafukufuku wa cephalopod kwa zaka zoposa 10 ndipo wakhala akugwira ntchito m'zombo zamalonda zamalonda ku Bering Sea monga Fisheries Observer monitoring quotas for the National Marine Fisheries Service. 

Maulalo:
www.tonmo.com
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/25/science/25nautilus.html?_r=3&pagewanted=1&emc=eta1&