Arctic: Chigawo cha Mikangano Yamtsogolo kapena Mgwirizano

Sabata ino sitima yoyamba yapamadzi idanyamuka ulendo wopita ku Arctic, pamodzi ndi mitu yankhani imene inkalengeza kutsika kwa madzi oundana a m’nyanja ya Arctic m’zaka 125 zapitazi. Kuyenda panyanja kwa milungu itatu kumafuna kudumpha kwakukulu panthawi yabwino kwambiri - ku Arctic, kunkafunika miyezi yokonzekera ndikukambirana ndi US Coast Guard ndi mabungwe ena aboma. Kupatulapo zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa phokoso ndi zovuta zina, zombo zapamadzi sizikuwoneka ngati nkhani yomwe ingayambitse mikangano yamtsogolo ngati madzi a Arctic atenthedwa - koma kuyembekezera mikangano ndi kufunafuna kuithetsa pasadakhale ndi chimodzi mwa zolinga za Arctic Council. . Ndidafunsa membala wathu wa Board Bill Eichbaum yemwe ndi katswiri wazokhudza nkhani za Arctic ndipo adachita nawo gawo la Arctic Council kuti agawane malingaliro ake.

Mark J. spalding

Zina mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha kwa dziko ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ya ku Arctic, kuphatikizapo kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana ndi chipale chofewa, kutayika kwa malo okhala kwa zamoyo zapadera padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuwopseza moyo wa anthu kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamene Arctic ikufika mosavuta komanso ludzu ladziko lonse lazinthu zachilengedwe likupitirirabe, pali kuthamangira kugwiritsira ntchito chuma cha m'deralo.

Atolankhani otchuka akhala akufunitsitsa kudzutsa mkangano womwe ungakhalepo pakati pa mayiko pomwe chipwirikiti chatsopanochi chikuchulukirachulukira. Nkhawa izi zakula kwambiri chifukwa mikangano yakula pakati pa mayiko a NATO ndi Russia pa nkhani ya Ukraine ndi nkhani zina za ndale. Ndipo, m'malo mwake, pali zitsanzo zingapo za mayiko aku Arctic omwe akuwonjezera kukhalapo kwa asitikali kumadera awo a Arctic.

Komabe, ndikukhulupirira kuti Arctic sizingachitike mkangano watsopano pamene mayiko akuyesetsa kukonza zinthu zake. Mosiyana ndi izi, pali mikangano yochepa pagawo lenileni ndi yofunika kwambiri yomwe ikukhudza Canada ndi United States ndi Denmark. Komanso, zimene anthu ambiri a ku Russia amanena zokhudza nyanja ya Arctic zili m’gulu la mayiko amene akuyesetsa kuti anene zomwezi. Izi zonse zimadalira kutsimikiza ndi kusamvana motsatira zomwe UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. N’zodabwitsa kuti kulephera kwa dziko la United States kuvomera msonkhanowu kukutanthauza kuti zikuoneka kuti sitingathe kukwaniritsa zonena zotere.

Kumbali inayi, ngakhale dera lomwe likupezeka ku Arctic lipitiliza kukhala malo owopsa komanso ovuta kuchitapo kanthu pazachuma. Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana izi zikutanthauza kuti mgwirizano wa boma mu kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kanibubu ka kapanidwenso ukukhulaceaniceanicenso kwa FebekaCW   

Kuyambira 1996, The Arctic Council yopangidwa ndi maiko asanu ndi atatu aku Arctic, omwe atenga nawo mbali mokhazikika omwe akuyimira anthu amtundu wawo, komanso owonera akhala gawo lofunikira popanga sayansi yofunikira kuti athane ndi vutoli. Motsogozedwa ndi Boma la US, yemwe ndi Wapampando wa Khonsolo, Gulu Logwira Ntchito likulingalira njira zamphamvu zotsimikizira kuti malingaliro a Khonsolo akwaniritsidwa. Mu a mapepala atsopano lofalitsidwa ndi The Polar Record I idafotokoza zofunikira zolimbitsa ulamuliro wa Arctic, makamaka m'malo am'madzi. Pakadali pano maiko aku Arctic, kuphatikiza Russia, akufufuza njira zopezera mgwirizano wotere.

Chilimwe chino sitima yapamadzi yokhala ndi anthu opitilira chikwi ikuwoloka nyanja ya Canada. kuphatikizapo kudutsa m'nyanja kumene chombo chimodzi mwa magawo khumi a kukula kwake chinamira posachedwapa, zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu onse okwera ndi ogwira nawo ntchito asamuke. M'chilimwe cha 2012 Shell idathetsa kufufuza kwa hydrocarbon yamtsogolo mu Nyanja ya Bering ndi Chukchi kutsatira ngozi zambiri komanso kuphonya, koma chitukuko chikupitilira kwina ku Arctic. Ngakhale panopo, zombo zapamadzi zakutali zikupita chakumpoto kufunafuna nsomba. Pokhapokha ngati mayiko a ku Arctic atha kupanga njira zolimba zogwirira ntchito limodzi pazaulamuliro wa derali, izi ndi zochitika zina zidzakhala zowononga chilengedwe monga momwe zakhalira kwina. Ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu, amatha kukhala osasunthika osati kuzinthu zachilengedwe za m'derali komanso kwa anthu a ku Arctic.