Udindo wa Association of Southeast Asia Nations mu Ocean Issues

Pa January 28, ndinafika ku Manila, likulu la dziko la Philippines, umodzi mwa mizinda 16 imene imapanga “Metro Manila,” dera lokhala ndi anthu ochuluka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi—kufikira chiŵerengero cha anthu pafupifupi 17 miliyoni masana, pafupifupi 1. /6 mwa anthu a m'dzikoli. Unali ulendo wanga woyamba ku Manila ndipo ndinali wokondwa kukumana ndi akuluakulu aboma ndi ena kuti ndilankhule za ASEAN ndi ntchito yake pankhani zanyanja. ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asia Nations) ndi bungwe lachitukuko lazamalonda ndi zachuma lomwe lili ndi mayiko 10 omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi kulimbikitsa maulamuliro amodzi kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha dera lonse. Dziko lirilonse liri ndi mpando kwa chaka—motsatira zilembo.

Mu 2017, Philippines imatsatira Laos kukhala mpando wa ASEAN kwa chaka chimodzi. Boma la Philippines likufuna kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mwayi wake. "Chifukwa chake, kuti ndithane ndi vuto la nyanja, bungwe lake la Foreign Service Institute (mu Dipatimenti Yowona Zakunja) ndi Biodiversity Management Bureau (mu Dipatimenti ya Zachilengedwe ndi Zachilengedwe) adandipempha kuti ndichite nawo ntchito yokonzekera mothandizidwa ndi Asia Foundation. (mothandizidwa ndi dipatimenti ya boma ya US). Gulu lathu la akatswiri linaphatikizapo Cheryl Rita Kaur, mkulu wa bungwe la Center For Coastal & Marine Environment, Maritime Institute of Malaysia, ndi Dr. Liana Talaue-McManus, Woyang'anira Project wa Transboundary Waters Assessment Program, UNEP. Dr. Talaue-McManus nayenso akuchokera ku Philippines ndipo ndi katswiri pa derali. Kwa masiku atatu, tidapereka upangiri ndikuchita nawo "Semina-Workshop yoteteza zachilengedwe m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'madzi ndi Udindo wa ASEAN mu 2017," ndi atsogoleri ochokera ku mabungwe angapo kuti akambirane mwayi wa utsogoleri wa ku Philippines pachitetezo cha ASEAN pagombe ndi panyanja. 

Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) yatsala pang'ono kuchita chikondwerero cha 50th Anniversary.  Mayiko Amembala: Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, ndi Vietnam    

Zamoyo Zam'madzi Zam'derali  
Anthu 625 miliyoni amitundu 10 ya ASEAN amadalira nyanja yathanzi yapadziko lonse lapansi, mwanjira zina kuposa madera ena ambiri padziko lapansi. Madzi a m'dera la ASEAN amapanga malo owirikiza katatu kuposa dziko. Onse pamodzi amapeza gawo lalikulu la GDP yawo kuchokera ku usodzi (kumeneko ndi nyanja zam'mwamba) ndi zokopa alendo, komanso zochepa kwambiri kuchokera ku ulimi wa m'madzi kuti udye ndi kugulitsa kunja. Tourism, yomwe ikukula mwachangu kwambiri m'maiko ambiri a ASEAN, imadalira mpweya wabwino, madzi oyera, ndi magombe athanzi. Ntchito zina zam'nyanja zam'derali zikuphatikiza kutumiza zogulitsa zaulimi ndi zinthu zina kunja, kupanga mphamvu ndikutumiza kunja.

Chigawo cha ASEAN chimaphatikizapo Coral Triangle, dera lomwe lili ndi masikweya kilomita miliyoni imodzi m’madzi a m’madera otentha kumene kuli mitundu 6 mwa 7 ya akamba am’nyanja ndi mitundu yoposa 2,000 ya nsomba. Zonsezi, chigawochi chimakhala ndi 15% ya nsomba padziko lonse lapansi, 33% ya udzu wa m'nyanja, 34% ya matanthwe a coral, ndi 35% ya malo a mangrove padziko lonse lapansi. Tsoka ilo, atatu akuchepa. Chifukwa cha mapologalamu obzalanso nkhalango, nkhalango za mangrove zikuchulukirachulukira—zimene zidzathandiza kukhazikika m’mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kuonjezera ntchito za usodzi. 2.3% yokha ya madera akuluakulu am'madzi am'derali amayendetsedwa ngati malo otetezedwa (MPAs) - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupewa kutsika kwaumoyo wazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zam'nyanja.

Zowopsa
Zomwe zimawopseza thanzi la m'nyanja ndi zochitika za anthu m'derali ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimapezeka m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo zotsatira za mpweya wa carbon. Kutukuka mopitirira muyeso, kusodza mochulukirachulukira, kuthekera kochepa kokhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kuzembetsa anthu, nyama zomwe zatsala pang’ono kutha, usodzi wosaloledwa ndi malamulo ndi malonda ena oletsedwa ndi nyama zakuthengo, ndi kusowa kwa zinthu zoyendetsera zinyalala ndi zofunikira zina za zomangamanga.

Pamsonkhanowo, Dr. Taulaue-McManus adanena kuti derali lilinso pachiopsezo chachikulu cha kukwera kwa madzi a m'nyanja, zomwe zimakhudzanso kuyika kwa zomangamanga zamtundu uliwonse. Kuphatikiza kwa kutentha kwapamwamba, madzi akuya, ndi kusintha kwa madzi a m'nyanja kumapangitsa kuti zamoyo zonse za m'nyanja za m'derali zikhale pachiopsezo - kusintha malo a zamoyo ndi kusokoneza moyo wa asodzi osodza ndi omwe amadalira zokopa alendo, mwachitsanzo.

zosoŵa
Pofuna kuthana ndi ziwopsezozi, ophunzira omwe adachita nawo msonkhanowo adawonetsa kufunikira koyang'anira kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa masoka, kasamalidwe kazinthu zachilengedwe, komanso kuchepetsa kuwononga komanso kuwononga zinyalala. ASEAN ikufunika ndondomeko zoterezi kuti zigawitse ntchito, kulimbikitsa chuma chosiyanasiyana, kuteteza kuvulaza (kwa anthu, kumalo okhala, kapena kumadera), komanso kuthandizira bata poika patsogolo phindu la nthawi yaitali kuposa phindu lachidule.

Pali ziwopsezo zakunja ku mgwirizano wachigawo chifukwa cha mikangano yandale ndi mayiko ena, kuphatikiza malonda atsopano osinthika ndi mfundo zapadziko lonse lapansi za kayendetsedwe katsopano ka US. Palinso lingaliro lapadziko lonse loti nkhani zozembetsa anthu sizikuthetsedwa mokwanira m’derali.

Pali kale ntchito zabwino m'madera pazausodzi, malonda a nyama zakuthengo, ndi madambo. Mayiko ena a ASEAN ndi abwino pa kutumiza ndipo ena pa MPAs. Malaysia, wapampando wam'mbuyomu, adayambitsa ASEAN Strategic Plan on the Environment (ASPEN) yomwe imazindikiritsanso kuthana ndi zosowazi ngati njira yopitira patsogolo ndi ulamuliro wam'nyanja wam'madera kuti utukuke wokhazikika.  

Momwemonso, mayiko a 10 ASEAN, pamodzi ndi dziko lonse lapansi adzakhala akulongosola chuma chatsopano cha buluu chomwe "chidzagwiritsa ntchito nyanja, nyanja ndi nyanja zam'madzi" (pa UN Sustainable Development Goal 14, yomwe idzakhala mutu wa Msonkhano wapadziko lonse wamasiku ambiri mu June). Chifukwa, mfundo ndi yakuti payenera kukhala zida zamalamulo ndi ndondomeko zoyendetsera chuma cha buluu, chitukuko cha buluu (kukula), ndi chuma cha m'nyanja zamchere kuti zitifikitse ku ubale wokhazikika ndi nyanja. 

Kukwaniritsa Zosowa ndi Ocean Governance
Ulamuliro wa m'nyanja ndi dongosolo la malamulo ndi mabungwe omwe amayesetsa kukonza momwe ife anthu timagwirizanirana ndi magombe ndi nyanja; kulinganiza ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka anthu panyanja. Kulumikizana kwa machitidwe onse apanyanja kumafuna mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku ASEAN komanso ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana kumadera omwe sali m'manja mwa mayiko onse komanso zokhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana.  

Ndipo, ndi ndondomeko zotani zomwe zimakwaniritsa zolingazi? Zomwe zimatanthauzira mfundo zodziwika bwino za kuwonekera, kukhazikika ndi mgwirizano, kuteteza madera ofunikira kuti athandizire ntchito zachuma, kuyang'anira moyenera zosowa za nyengo, malo, ndi zamoyo, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti zikugwirizana ndi zolinga zapadziko lonse lapansi, zachigawo, zadziko, komanso zazachuma komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. . Kuti apange ndondomeko bwino, ASEAN iyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe ili nazo komanso momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito; kusatetezeka kwa kusintha kwa nyengo, kutentha kwa madzi, chemistry, ndi kuya; ndi zosowa zanthawi yayitali za bata ndi mtendere. Asayansi akhoza kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga deta ndi zoyambira ndikusunga ndondomeko zowunikira zomwe zingapitirire pakapita nthawi ndipo zimakhala zowonekera bwino komanso zosamutsidwa.

Zotsatirazi ndi malingaliro amitu ndi mitu yogwirizanirana kuchokera ku msonkhano wa 2017 kuphatikiza zofunikira zomwe zikuperekedwa kwa Atsogoleri a ASEAN' Statement on Maritime Security Cooperation and Marine Environment Protection and/kapena zotheka zotsogozedwa ndi Philippines pachitetezo cha chilengedwe cha 2017 ndi kupitilira apo:

Mitu

Ma MPA ndi ma MPAN
ASEAN Heritage Parks
Kutulutsa kwa Carbon
Kusintha kwa Chilengedwe
Kupanga Nyanja
Zamoyo zosiyanasiyana
Habitat
Mitundu yosamukasamuka
Kuzembetsa nyama zakuthengo
Maritime Cultural Heritage
Tourism
Zachilengedwe
usodzi
Ufulu waumunthu
IUU
Pansi panyanja 
Migodi ya m'nyanja
Zingwe
Kutumiza / Kuyenda kwa zotengera

Mitu

Kupititsa patsogolo luso lachigawo
zopezera
Conservation
Protection
Kuthetsa
Kusintha
Kuwonekera
Kutsata
Zothandiza
Kugwirizana kwa mfundo za ASEAN / kupitiliza pakati pa maboma
Kuzindikira kuchepetsa umbuli
Kugawana nzeru / Maphunziro / Kufikira
Kuwunika kofanana / ma benchmarks
Kafukufuku wogwirizana / kuyang'anira
Tekinoloje / njira zabwino zosinthira
Kulimbikitsana ndi kulimbikitsa mgwirizano
Ulamuliro / maudindo / kugwirizanitsa malamulo

Zinthu zomwe zidakwera pamwamba
Mabungwe oyimira ku Philippines amakhulupirira kuti dziko lawo liri ndi mbiri yotsogolera pa: MPAs ndi Marine Protected Area Networks; kukumana ndi anthu, kuphatikiza maboma ang'onoang'ono, mabungwe omwe siaboma, ndi anthu azikhalidwe; kufunafuna ndi kugawana nzeru zachikhalidwe; mapulogalamu ogwirizana a sayansi yam'madzi; kukhazikitsidwa kwa migwirizano yoyenera; ndi kuthana ndi magwero a zinyalala zam'madzi.

Malingaliro amphamvu kwambiri pazochita zachigawo ndi zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu za GDP zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa (usodzi, ulimi wam'madzi ndi zokopa alendo). Choyamba, ofuna kutenga nawo mbali akufuna kuwona nsomba zamphamvu, zoyendetsedwa bwino kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'deralo, komanso misika yogulitsa kunja. Chachiwiri, amawona kufunikira kwa ulimi wamadzi wanzeru womwe umayikidwa bwino komanso wopangidwa bwino motsatira miyezo ya ASEAN. Chachitatu, tidakambirana za kufunika kokhala ndi zokopa alendo komanso zokopa alendo zomwe zimagogomezera kusungidwa kwa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe, madera amderalo komanso kutenga nawo gawo kwa mabungwe aboma, kubweza ndalama m'derali, komanso kuti zitheke, komanso kusiyanitsa "kokha" komwe kumatanthauza zambiri. ndalama.

Malingaliro ena omwe adawonedwa kuti ndi oyenera kufufuzidwa ndi kaboni wa buluu (mitengo ya mangrove, udzu wa m'nyanja, zochotsera mpweya wa carbon etc.); mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi mphamvu (kudziyimira pawokha, komanso kuthandiza madera akutali kupita patsogolo); ndikuyang'ana njira zozindikirira makampani omwe zinthu zawo zili ZABWINO panyanja.

Pali zopinga zazikulu pakukwaniritsa malingalirowa. Kuthera maola aŵiri ndi theka m’galimoto kuyenda pafupifupi makilomita aŵiri ndi theka kunatipatsa nthaŵi yochuluka yolankhula kumapeto kwa gawo lapitalo. Tinavomereza kuti panali chiyembekezo chowonadi ndi chikhumbo chochita zabwino. Pamapeto pake, kuwonetsetsa kuti nyanja yathanzi ithandiza kuti mayiko a ASEAN akhale ndi tsogolo labwino. Ndipo, dongosolo lokonzekera bwino la kayendetsedwe ka nyanja lingathe kuwathandiza kuti afike kumeneko.

Chithunzi Chamutu: Rebecca Weeks/Marine Photobank