Kontinenti Yoyera Yokhazikika

Claire Christian ndi Executive Director wa bungwe la Antarctic ndi Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC), oyandikana nawo ofesi ochezeka kuno ku DC ndi kunja kwa nyanja yapadziko lonse lapansi.

Mwezi wa Meyi watha, ndinapita ku msonkhano wapachaka wa 39th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM), womwe unali msonkhano wapachaka wa mayiko omwe asayina mgwirizano wapachaka. Mgwirizano wa Antarctic kupanga zisankho za momwe Antarctica imayendetsedwa. Kwa iwo omwe satenga nawo gawo pamisonkhanoyi, misonkhano ya mayiko a mayiko nthawi zambiri imawoneka yochedwa modabwitsa. Zimangotengera nthawi kuti mayiko angapo agwirizane za momwe angayankhire nkhani. Nthawi zina, komabe, ATCM yapanga zisankho mwachangu komanso molimba mtima, ndipo chaka chino chinali Chikondwerero cha 25th chimodzi mwazopambana zazikulu zazaka za m'ma 20 kwa chilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi - lingaliro loletsa migodi ku Antarctica.

Ngakhale kuti chiletsocho chakhala chikukondweretsedwa kuyambira pamene anavomera mu 1991, ambiri asonyeza kukayikira kuti chikhoza kutha. Mwachiwonekere, kulanda anthu kukhoza kupambana pamapeto pake ndipo zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kunyalanyaza kuthekera kwa mwayi watsopano wachuma. Koma ku ATCM ya chaka chino, mayiko 29 omwe amapanga zisankho omwe ali mgulu la Antarctic Treaty (lotchedwa Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties kapena ATCPs) adagwirizana mogwirizana chigamulo chonena "kudzipereka kwawo kosunga ndi kupitiliza kukwaniritsa ... patsogolo” kuletsa ntchito zamigodi ku Antarctic, yomwe ili mbali ya Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (yotchedwanso Madrid Protocol). Ngakhale kutsimikizira kuthandizira kuletsa komwe kulipo sikungawoneke ngati kupindula, ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi umboni wamphamvu wa kudzipereka kwa ATCPs kusunga Antarctica ngati malo amodzi kwa anthu onse.

Ngakhale kutsimikizira kuthandizira kuletsa komwe kulipo sikungawoneke ngati kupindula, ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi umboni wamphamvu wa kudzipereka kwa ATCPs kusunga Antarctica ngati malo amodzi kwa anthu onse. 

Mbiri ya momwe chiletso cha migodi chinakhalira ndi chodabwitsa. ATCPs adakhala zaka zoposa khumi akukambirana za malamulo oyendetsera migodi, zomwe zidzakhale ngati mgwirizano watsopano, Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (CRAMRA). Kukambitsirana kumeneku kunapangitsa gulu la zachilengedwe kuti likonze mgwirizano wa Antarctic ndi Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC) kuti atsutsane za kukhazikitsidwa kwa World Park Antarctica, kumene migodi idzaletsedwa. Komabe, ASOC idatsata zokambirana za CRAMRA mosamalitsa. Iwo, pamodzi ndi ma ATCP ena, sanali kuthandizira migodi koma ankafuna kuti malamulowo akhale amphamvu momwe angathere.

Zokambirana za CRAMRA zitatha, chomwe chinatsala chinali chakuti ATCP asayine. Aliyense amayenera kusaina kuti panganolo liyambe kugwira ntchito. Pakusintha kodabwitsa, Australia ndi France, onse omwe adagwira ntchito ku CRAMRA kwa zaka zambiri, adalengeza kuti sasayina chifukwa ngakhale migodi yoyendetsedwa bwino idapereka chiopsezo chachikulu ku Antarctica. Chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake, ATCP omwewo adakambirana ndi Environment Protocol m'malo mwake. Protocol sinangoletsa migodi koma idakhazikitsa malamulo okhudza ntchito zosachotsa migodi komanso njira yopangira madera otetezedwa mwapadera. Gawo la Protocol limafotokoza njira yowunikira mgwirizanowu zaka makumi asanu kuyambira pomwe idayamba kugwira ntchito (2048) ngati atafunsidwa ndi gulu la dziko lomwe lili pa Pangano la Panganoli, ndi njira zingapo zochotsera chiletso cha migodi, kuphatikizapo kuvomereza malamulo oyendetsera ntchito zochotsera migodi.

Sizingakhale zolakwika kunena kuti Protocol idasinthiratu Antarctic Treaty System. 

Sizingakhale zolakwika kunena kuti Protocol idasinthiratu Antarctic Treaty System. Maphwando adayamba kuyang'ana kwambiri zachitetezo cha chilengedwe kuposa momwe amachitira kale. Malo ochitira kafukufuku ku Antarctic adayamba kuwunika momwe amagwirira ntchito kuti athandizire kukonza zachilengedwe, makamaka pankhani yakutaya zinyalala. ATCM idapanga Komiti Yoteteza Zachilengedwe (CEP) kuti iwonetsetse kuti Protocol ikukwaniritsidwa komanso kuwunikanso zowunika za momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira (EIA) pazomwe akufuna kuchita. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Pangano la Pangano lakula, ndikuwonjezera ma ATCP atsopano monga Czech Republic ndi Ukraine. Masiku ano, mayiko ambiri amanyadira moyenerera chifukwa chosamalira chilengedwe cha Antarctic komanso chisankho chawo choteteza kontinenti.

Ngakhale mbiri yamphamvuyi, padakali mkokomo m'ma TV kuti ma ATCP ambiri akungodikirira kuti wotchiyo ifike pa nthawi yowunikiranso Protocol kuti athe kupeza chuma chomwe chili pansi pa ayezi. Ena mpaka amalengeza kuti 1959 Antarctic Treaty kapena Protocol "itha" mu 2048, mawu olakwika kotheratu. Lingaliro la chaka chino likuthandizira kutsimikiziranso kuti ATCPs imvetsetsa kuti chiwopsezo cha dziko loyera losalimba ndi lalikulu kwambiri moti sangalole ngakhale migodi yoyendetsedwa bwino. Mkhalidwe wapadera wa Antarctica monga kontinenti yokhayo yamtendere ndi sayansi ndi yofunika kwambiri padziko lapansi kuposa chuma chomwe chilipo. N’zosavuta kukayikira zolinga za dziko ndi kuganiza kuti mayiko amangochita zofuna zawo zokha. Antarctica ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha momwe mayiko angagwirizanitse zofuna zapadziko lonse lapansi.

Antarctica ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha momwe mayiko angagwirizanitse zofuna zapadziko lonse lapansi.

Komabe, m’chaka chimenechi, m’pofunika kukondwerera zimene takwanitsa kuchita ndi kuyang'ana kutsogolo. Kuletsedwa kwa migodi kokha sikungateteze Antarctica. Kusintha kwanyengo kukuwopseza kusokoneza madzi oundana a kontinentiyi, kusinthiratu zachilengedwe zam'deralo komanso zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, omwe atenga nawo gawo mu Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting atha kutengapo mwayi wowonjezera zomwe zili mu Protocol kuti zithandizire kuteteza chilengedwe. Makamaka iwo atha ndipo akuyenera kusankha gulu lokwanira la madera otetezedwa omwe angateteze mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zachilengedwe ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi zovuta zina zakusintha kwanyengo pazachuma za derali. Asayansi afotokoza madera otetezedwa ku Antarctica ngati "osakwanira, osayimira, komanso omwe ali pachiwopsezo" (1), kutanthauza kuti sapita patali mokwanira pochirikiza kontinenti yathu yapadera kwambiri.

Pamene tikukondwerera zaka 25 zamtendere, sayansi, ndi chipululu chosawonongeka ku Antarctica, ndikuyembekeza kuti Antarctic Treaty System ndi mayiko ena onse adzachitapo kanthu kuti awonetsetse kuti dziko lathuli lidzakhala lokhazikika komanso lochita bwino pa dziko lathu lapansi.