Vaquita Itha Kutha Chifukwa Chokonda Ogula

The Vaquita wakhala mtundu wa nkhawa kwa zaka zambiri. Malo ake ndi a nsomba za shrimp zimadutsana. Tikudziwa kuti zaka zoyesayesa zapita pakupanga zida zatsopano zophera nsomba zomwe sizingaphe Vaquita, komanso dongosolo lopanga msika wa shrimp womwe umagwidwa mokhazikika. Komabe, chifukwa Vaquita ili ndi miyezi, osati zaka zatsala kuti ipulumutsidwe, sitingasokonezedwe ndi chida chocheperako komanso chotalika kwambiri kuti tigwiritse ntchito. Chofunika kwambiri pa nthawi ino chiyenera kukhala kutsekedwa kwa malo ake onse ku nsomba za gillnet, ndiyeno kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zolimbikitsira.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kupangidwa kwa chizindikiro cha "Vaquita otetezeka" ndi mwayi umene wadutsa, kapena ukhoza kubweranso mtsogolomo (ngati Vaquita aletsedwa kuti awonongeke ndipo chiwerengero chawo chikuchira).

Tili ndi akalulu ang'onoang'ono omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu omwe malo OKHA ali kumpoto kwa Gulf of California, omwe malo awo achilengedwe amatetezedwa ndi pepala ngati mtundu wa refugium mkati mwa UNESCO biosphere reserve. Tili ndi usodzi wa gill net shrimp womwe wakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali womwe umathandizira madera awiri ang'onoang'ono asodzi potumiza ku msika waku US. Tili ndi usodzi wosavomerezeka waposachedwa komanso wopindulitsa kwambiri womwe timakonda ndi totoaba yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha. Chikhodzodzo choyandama cha nsomba imeneyi ndi chamtengo wapatali kwambiri ku China, kumene amachiika mu supu yomwe ingawononge ndalama zokwana madola 25,000 m’mbale ndipo kumene ogula amakhulupirira kuti chikhodzodzo cha nsomba chimathandiza kuti magazi a munthu aziyenda bwino, khungu lawo likhale lolimba komanso kuti likhale lobala.

Tili ndi chowonadi chosapiririka chakuti a Vaquita ndi ochepera theka tsopano kuposa momwe analili mu 2007.

Tilinso ndi zaka makumi ambiri zokhala ndi ndalama popanga zida zina zophera nsomba zomwe ngati asodzi atalolera kuzigwiritsa ntchito, titha kuchepetsa kugwidwa mwangozi kwa Vaquita muukonde wa shrimp. ngati, ndipo ngati, timapezanso mwayi wolola anthu kumanganso.

Koma choyamba, pali ntchito yambiri yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa kuti atsimikizire Utumiki wa Usodzi waku Mexico CONAPESCA ndi nthambi yayikulu yaku Mexico kuti kutsekedwa kwa malo okhala Vaquita ku zochitika zonse za anthu, kapena kuletsa kotheratu maukonde a gill ku Upper Gulf, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kutseka ndi kuletsa koteroko ndikofunikira komanso chiyembekezo chathu chomaliza. Sitingathe kudzilonjeza tokha (kapena kulola ena) kuti msika watsopano wa shrimp wokhazikika wokha udzapulumutsa Vaquita kuti zisatheretu pakatsala 97 Vaquita basi.

Kulimbikitsa nkhokwe ya Vaquita polimbana ndi kusodza kosaloledwa ndi komwe kwakhala kulibe ndipo ndiyo njira yokhayo yothetsera mkanthawi kochepa. Ichi chakhala chomaliza cha aliyense Lipoti la CIRVA (Komiti Yapadziko Lonse Yobwezeretsanso Vaquita). MALO (Conservation Action Programs) ndi Ripoti la NACAP (North American Conservation Action Plan) ndipo adavomerezedwa ndi aliyense pa Komiti ya Purezidenti wa Mexico. Kuchedwa kosalekeza m'malo mochitapo kanthu kwachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha Vaquita chichuluke kwambiri komanso kuti totoaba agwidwe ndi kuwazembetsa kupita ku China kuti achuluke kwambiri, mwinanso kutha kachiwiri.

Akuti, boma la Mexico pamapeto pake lidzakhazikitsa chitetezo chofunikira ndikukakamiza kwathunthu pa Marichi. Komabe, pali nkhawa yaikulu kuti boma la Mexico liribe chifuniro chandale kuti lipange chisankho chotseka ndi kukakamiza. Kudzafunika kulimbana ndi magulu amphamvu ogulitsira mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndiponso kumenyana ndi magulu ang’onoang’ono aŵiri (Puerto Peñasco ndi San Carlos) amene ali ndi mbiri ya zionetsero zazikulu ndi zachiwawa​—ndipo chifukwa chakuti pali zipolowe zimene zikuchitika m’madera ena, monga aja amene achita zipolowe. adakali okwiya ndi kuphedwa kwa ophunzira 43 ndi nkhanza zina.

Ndiko kuyesa, ngati wina ali pampando wopangira zisankho, kupitiriza njira yosapambana ya masitepe ang'onoang'ono ndi malingaliro akuluakulu okhudza njira zothetsera msika. Zikuoneka ngati kuchitapo kanthu, zimapewa ndalama zolipirira asodzi chifukwa cha ndalama zomwe zatayika komanso kukakamiza kwenikweni, komanso zimapewa kukumana ndi maguluwa polowererapo pamalonda osaloledwa a totoaba omwe ndi opindulitsa kwambiri. Zimakhala zokopa kubweza ndalama zolemetsa mpaka pano potha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zina ngati chipambano.

United States ndiye ogula kwambiri nsomba za Gulf of California.

 Ndife msika, popeza ndifenso msika wazinthu zama cartel. Ndife momveka transshipment malo kwa totoaba panjira yoti akhale supu ku China. Chiwerengero cha zikhodzodzo za nsomba zomwe zatsekeredwa m'malire mwina ndizomwe zidayambitsa malonda osaloledwa.

Ndiye chiyenera kuchitika chiyani?

Boma la US liyenera kunena momveka bwino kuti nsomba za Gulf of California sizikulandiridwa mpaka kukakamiza kukhazikitsidwa ndipo Vaquita ayambe kuchira. Boma la US liyenera kuyesetsa kuti liletse kutha kwa totoaba - yomwe yalembedwa pansi pa CITES ndi lamulo la US Endangered Species Act. Boma la China liyenera kuthetsa msika wa totoaba pokhazikitsa zoletsa zamalonda ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zamoyo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha pazithandizo zokayikitsa zaumoyo.