Whale Strandings ndi Kufunika kwa Mayankho a Nthawi Yaitali

Mawu a The Ocean Foundation a Mark J. Spalding

Anthu akuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa anamgumi a umuna ndi a humpback omwe asokonekera m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic kuchokera ku Maine kupita ku Florida. Nangumi za Minke zimafanso pamlingo wachilendo. Anthu alinso ndi chifukwa chokhudzidwa ndi anamgumi opitilira 600 a Pacific grey omwe asokonekera zaka zinayi zapitazi pamagombe ku Mexico, US, ndi Canada. Okhudzidwanso ndi asayansi ndi akatswiri ena pankhaniyi Marine Mammal Commission, komanso Zosodza za NOAA, gawo lotsogolera la National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 

Zachisoni, kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kwa nangumi wa humpback ndi minke whale strandings ndi gawo lina chabe la "Unusual Mortality Event" kapena UME, dzina lodziwika bwino lomwe liyenera kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikitsidwa ndi Marine Mammal Protection Act. Kwa anamgumi am'mphepete mwa nyanja kum'mawa, UME iyi idayamba mu 2016!

Ndiye, kumatanthauza chiyani kukhala ndi imfa yomwe yatenga zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri? Nchiyani chikuyambitsa izo? 

Asayansi ochokera ku mabungwe aboma ndi mabungwe ochita kafukufuku akuyesetsa kuti adziwe izi. Si zinsomba zonse zakufa zomwe zingayesedwe bwino-nthawi zambiri chifukwa kuwonongeka kumapita patsogolo kwambiri panthawi yomwe ili. Komabe, pafupifupi theka la ma necropsies pa anamgumi osokonekera amasonyeza umboni wa kugunda kwa zombo kapena kutsekeka. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zosadziwika monga momwe algae wapoizoni amachitira pachimake pazakudya ndi ma virus ndi matenda ena opatsirana omwe atenga nawo gawo pakufa kwa nyama zam'madzi m'ma UME am'mbuyomu. 

Mwachiwonekere, ife monga gulu lachitetezo cha nyanja titha kuchitapo kanthu kuti zombo zoyenda panyanja zamitundu yonse zikutsatiridwa ndi liwiro lachitetezo la NOAA ndi malangizo ena kuti achepetse kuthekera komenya namgumi. Sayansi imathandizira kuchedwetsa mabwato ang'onoang'ono (35 mpaka 64 mapazi) kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zomwe zakhala zikuyenda nthawi yayitali pazombo zopitilira 64. Kugwa komaliza, lingaliro la NOAA loti achite zomwezo linatsutsidwa kwambiri ndi eni ake a zombo zazing'onozo. 

Tikhoza kupitiriza kuchotsa zida zamatsenga ndipo amafuna kuwongolera mwaukadaulo wa zida zophera nsomba kuti zisasokonezeke. Kupatula apo, tangotaya m'modzi mwa anamgumi otsala a ku Atlantic omwe adakodwa ndi zida zaku Canada. Ngati osachepera 40% ya imfa zosayembekezereka zam'tsogolo zingathe kupewedwa ndi zinthu izi zomwe zingathe kulamuliridwa, tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zikuchitika. 

Titha kuyikapo kafukufuku yemwe angatipatse zolondola kwambiri za kuchuluka kwa humpbacks zomwe zili m'madzi a US Atlantic kwa onse kapena gawo lachaka. Tikhoza kufufuza zomwe zimayambitsa kugwidwa kwachilendo kwa sperm whale komwe kwachitika kumadera ena a dziko lapansi. Titha kuonetsetsa kuti mabungwe a Marine Mammal Stranding Network ali ndi ndalama komanso anthu omwe akufunikira kuti ayankhe mwamsanga ndikuchita sampuli zofunikira ndi kufufuza kwa poizoni kapena zizindikiro zina. 

Tilinso ndi udindo wowonetsetsa kuti pasakhale kuthamangira kuweruza pazifukwa zina zochokera kumalingaliro osati umboni. N’zoona kuti m’nyanja muli phokoso kwambiri chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. Komabe kutumiza ndi imodzi mwa njira zowongoka kwambiri za nyengo zoyendetsera katundu ndi zipangizo—ndipo makampani akukakamizika kukhala aukhondo, opanda phokoso, ndi ogwira mtima kwambiri. Mphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja imapereka lonjezo lalikulu ngati gwero loyera lamagetsi amagetsi-ndipo makampani akukakamizidwa kuti akhale aukhondo komanso abata momwe angathere.

“Phokoso lamphamvu kwambiri, mofanana ndi kuphulika kwa chivomezi kumene makampani amafuta ndi gasi amagwiritsira ntchito poyang’ana pansi pa nyanja, kungasokoneze nyama za m’madzi, nsomba, ndi zamoyo zina za m’nyanja zikuluzikulu, ndipo phokoso la zombo zamalonda lachititsa kuti pakhale phokoso losalekeza. . Koma a mawu opangidwa ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa kale ndi mphepo yamkuntho ndi yotsika kwambiri mu mphamvu kuposa magwero amphamvu a mafakitale, ndipo amakhala olunjika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokayikitsa kuti adathamangitsa anamgumiwa ku New York ndi New Jersey kupita kumtunda."

Francine Kershaw ndi Alison Chase, NRDC

Chofunikira ndichakuti ZOCHITIKA ZILIZONSE za anthu m'nyanjayi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti ziwonetsetse kuti zingawononge thanzi la m'nyanja ndi moyo wamkati. Malamulo omwe amayang'anira ntchitozi ayenera kupangidwa mwaluso ndikutsatiridwa ndi moyo wapanyanja kukhala wofunikira kwambiri. Ndi ndalama zoyenera pakufufuza ndi kulimbikitsa, titha kuchepetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa anamgumi zomwe timamvetsetsa komanso zomwe tingapewe. Ndipo titha kutsata njira zothetsera kufa kwa anamgumi omwe sitikumvetsetsa.