Kodi Nsomba Yokhazikika Ndi Chiyani? Zoperewera za Njira Zomwe Zilipo Zakutsimikizira Zakudya Zam'madzi

ndi Mark J. Spalding, Purezidenti wa The Ocean Foundation
ndi Ken Stump, Wokondedwa wa Ocean Policy ku The Ocean Foundation
Poyankha "Mafunso ena ngati nsomba zokhazikika zimakwaniritsa lonjezo" lolemba Juliet Elperin. Washington Post (April 22, 2012)

Nkhani yanthawi yake ya Juliet Eilperin ("Ena amakayikira ngati chakudya cham'madzi chokhazikika chimakwaniritsa lonjezo lake" ndi Juliet Elperin. The Washington Post. Epulo 22, 2012) pa zofooka za machitidwe omwe alipo kale ovomerezeka a nsomba zam'nyanja amachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri yowunikira chisokonezo chomwe ogula amakumana nacho pamene akufuna "kuchita zoyenera" ndi nyanja. Zolemba za eco izi zimafuna kudziwa nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa mosatekeseka, koma mfundo zabodza zitha kupatsa ogulitsa ndi ogula malingaliro abodza kuti kugula kwawo kungasinthe. Monga momwe kafukufuku wotchulidwa m'nkhaniyo akusonyezera, kukhazikika monga momwe Froese amafotokozera kumasonyeza:

• Mu 11% (Marine Stewardship Council-MSC) mpaka 53% (Bwenzi la Nyanja-FOS) ya masheya ovomerezeka, chidziwitso chomwe chilipo sichinali chokwanira kuti chipereke chigamulo chokhudza momwe katunduyo alili kapena kuchuluka kwa ntchito (Chithunzi 1).
• 19% (FOS) mpaka 31% (MSC) ya m'matangadza omwe anali ndi deta yomwe inalipo inagwidwa ndi nsomba mopitirira muyeso ndipo pakali pano ankagwidwa ndi nsomba zambiri (Chithunzi 2).
• Mu 21% ya masheya omwe ali ndi satifiketi ya MSC omwe mapulani ake oyendetsera ntchito analipo, kusodza mopambanitsa kudapitilirabe ngakhale kuti adalandira ziphaso.

Satifiketi ya MSC ndiyodziwikiratu kwa iwo omwe angakwanitse - mosasamala kanthu kuti nsomba zagwidwa bwanji. Dongosolo lomwe asodzi omwe ali ndi ndalama zomwe angathe "kugula" satifiketi sangaganizidwe mozama. Kuonjezera apo, ndalama zogulira ziphaso za satifiketi ndizotsika mtengo kwa asodzi ambiri ang'onoang'ono, ammudzi, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kutenga nawo gawo pamapulogalamu a eco-labeling. Izi ndi zoona makamaka m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, monga Morocco, kumene chuma chamtengo wapatali chimachotsedwa kuchoka pa kayendetsedwe ka usodzi ndikuyamba kugulitsa, kapena kungogula, eco-label.

Kuphatikizidwa ndi kuyang'anira bwino ndi kuonetsetsa kuti anthu akutsatiridwa, kuwunika bwino kwa kasamalidwe ka nsomba ndi kuyang'anira koyang'anira komwe kumayang'ana momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira chilengedwe, satifiketi yazakudya zam'nyanja ingakhale chida chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira kuti ogula azitha kuyendetsa bwino usodzi. Kuwonongeka kochokera ku malembo osocheretsa sikungokhudza nsomba zokha ayi—kumalepheretsa ogula kusankha mwanzeru ndi kuvota ndi zikwama zawo kuti athandizire usodzi woyendetsedwa bwino. Nanga n’cifukwa ciani ogula ayenela kuvomeleza kuti adzalipilila ndalama zochulukila pa nsomba zimene zapezeka kuti zagwidwa mosazengereza pamene zikuwonjezelapo nkhuni pamoto poloŵela m’masodzi amene anali atadyetsedwa mopambanitsa?

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pepala lenileni la Froese ndi mnzake yemwe adatchulidwa ndi Eilperin limafotokoza kuti nsomba zakhala zikusodza mochulukira ngati zotsalira zake zili pansi pamlingo womwe ukuyembekezeka kutulutsa zokolola zokhazikika (zomwe zimatchedwa Bmsy), zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa malamulo apano aku US. muyezo. M'malo a usodzi ku US, nsomba nthawi zambiri imatengedwa kuti ndi "zosodza mochulukira" pamene nsomba zam'madzi zimatsika pansi pa 1/2 Bmsy. Usodzi wochulukirachulukira kwambiri wa ku US ukhoza kusankhidwa kukhala wopha nsomba mopitilira muyeso pogwiritsa ntchito muyezo wa Froese wa FAO mu Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (1995). NB: njira yeniyeni yogoletsa yomwe Froese amagwiritsa ntchito yafotokozedwa mu Gulu 1 la pepala lawo:

Ndikoyeneranso kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa usodzi ku US kukupitilirabe ngakhale kusodza mopambanitsa kumaletsedwa mwalamulo. Phunziro ndi loti kukhala tcheru nthawi zonse ndikuwunika momwe ntchito yasodzi ikugwirira ntchito ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti iliyonse mwa miyeso iyi ikukwaniritsidwa - kutsimikiziridwa kapena ayi.

Machitidwe a ziphaso satifiketi alibe mphamvu zoyendetsera mabungwe oyang'anira nsomba m'madera. Kuwunika kosalekeza kwa mtundu wa Froese ndi Proelb ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti nsomba zovomerezeka zikuyenda monga momwe zalengezedwa.

Njira yokhayo yodziyimira pawokha m'dongosolo la ziphasozi ndi kufuna kwa ogula - ngati sitikufuna kuti malo osodza ovomerezeka akwaniritse miyezo yokhazikika ndiye kuti satifiketi ikhoza kukhala zomwe otsutsa amawopa kwambiri: zolinga zabwino ndi utoto wobiriwira.

Monga The Ocean Foundation yakhala ikuwonetsa kwazaka pafupifupi khumi, palibe chipolopolo chasiliva chothana ndi vuto la usodzi padziko lonse lapansi. Zimatengera bokosi la zida za njira-ndipo ogula ali ndi ntchito yofunikira pamene ali ndi nsomba zilizonse-zaulimi kapena zakutchire-pogwiritsa ntchito kugula kwawo kulimbikitsa nyanja zathanzi. Khama lililonse lomwe limanyalanyaza izi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zolinga zabwino za ogula ndi zonyoza komanso zosocheretsa ndipo ziyenera kuyankha.