WHMSI: Kukhala Anansi Abwino Othandizira Nyama Zosamuka

Wolemba: Mark J. Spalding, Purezidenti

Ndinali ndi mwayi waukulu kukhala kumayambiriro kwa sabata ino pamsonkhano wapadera ndi abwenzi athu pa gawo lapadziko lonse la US Fish and Wildlife Service. Msonkhanowu, womwe unakonzedwa ndi bungwe la United States of America, unakondwerera zoyesayesa zoteteza mitundu yosamuka ya kumadzulo kwa dziko lapansi. Anasonkhana pamodzi panali anthu 6 oimira mayiko 4, mabungwe anayi omwe siaboma 2, Madipatimenti awiri a nduna za ku United States, ndi alembi a misonkhano itatu yapadziko lonse. Tonse ndife mamembala a komiti yotsogolera ya WHMSI, Western Hemisphere Migratory Species Initiative. Tinasankhidwa ndi anzathu kuti tithandizire kutsogolera chitukuko cha Initiative ndikusunga kuyankhulana ndi okhudzidwa pakati pa misonkhano. 

Mayiko onse a Kumadzulo kwa Dziko Lapansi amagawana cholowa chofanana cha zamoyo, chikhalidwe ndi zachuma - kudzera mu mbalame zathu zosamukasamuka, anamgumi, mileme, akamba am'nyanja, ndi agulugufe. WHMSI inabadwira ku 2003 kuti ilimbikitse mgwirizano pakati pa chitetezo cha mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu yomwe imayenda mosasamala malire a ndale pamayendedwe a malo ndi zochitika zamakono zomwe zaka mazana ambiri zikupanga. Chitetezo chogwirizana chimafuna kuti mayiko azindikire zamoyo zam'mphepete mwa malire ndikugawana chidziwitso chakumaloko zokhuza zosowa ndi machitidwe a zamoyo zomwe zikuyenda. Pamsonkhano wonse wa masiku aŵiri, tinamva za zoyesayesa za m’maiko osiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa nthumwi zochokera ku Paraguay, Chile, Uruguay, El Salvador, Dominican Republic, ndi St. Lucia, komanso CITES Secretariat, Convention on Migratory Species, USA, American Bird. Conservancy, The Inter-American Convention for the Protection and Conservation of Sea Turtles, ndi Society for the Conservation and Study of Caribbean Birds.

Kuchokera ku Arctic kupita ku Antarctica, nsomba, mbalame, nyama zoyamwitsa, akamba am'nyanja, cetaceans, mileme, tizilombo ndi mitundu ina yosamuka imapereka ntchito zachilengedwe ndi zachuma zomwe mayiko ndi anthu aku Western Hemisphere amagawana nawo. Ndiwo magwero a chakudya, moyo ndi zosangalatsa, ndipo ali ndi zofunikira za sayansi, zachuma, zachikhalidwe, zokongola komanso zauzimu. Ngakhale zili ndi ubwino woterewu, mitundu yambiri ya nyama zakuthengo zomwe zikusamukasamuka zikuopsezedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kusamalidwa bwino kwa dziko, kuwonongeka kwa malo ndi kutayika kwa malo, mitundu yachilendo yachilendo, kuipitsidwa, kusaka ndi kusodza, kusodza mwangozi, kalimidwe kosakhalitsa m’nyanja zam’madzi ndi kukolola kosaloledwa ndi kuzembetsa.

Pamsonkhano wa komiti yoyang'anira iyi, tidakhala nthawi yayitali tikugwira ntchito zingapo ndi machitidwe okhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka mbalame zosamukira kumayiko ena, zomwe zili m'gulu la mitundu yomwe ili ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi dziko lathu lapansi. Zamoyo mazanamazana zimasamuka panthaŵi zosiyanasiyana pachaka. Kusamukaku kumagwira ntchito ngati gwero la ndalama zokopa alendo komanso zovuta pakuwongolera, chifukwa chakuti mitunduyo sikhalamo ndipo zimakhala zovuta kutsimikizira anthu za kufunika kwake, kapena kugwirizanitsa chitetezo cha malo oyenera.

Kuonjezera apo palinso nkhani zokhuza chitukuko chopanda malire ndi malonda a zamoyo pazakudya kapena zolinga zina. Mwachitsanzo, ndinadabwa kumva kuti akamba—amitundu yonse—ali m’gulu la zamoyo zamsana zomwe zatsala pang’ono kutheratu padziko lonse lapansi. Zofuna zam'mbuyomu zogulitsira ziweto zidasinthidwa ndi kufunikira kwa akamba am'madzi am'madzi monga chakudya chokoma kuti anthu adye - zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu aziwonongeka kwambiri kotero kuti njira zadzidzidzi zoteteza akamba zikuperekedwa ndi US mothandizidwa ndi China pamsonkhano wotsatira. za maphwando ku Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) mu Marichi. Mwamwayi, kufunikirako kungakwaniritsidwe potsatira kwambiri kugula akamba olimidwa ndipo nyama zakuthengo zitha kupatsidwa mwayi wochira ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso kuthetsa kukolola.

Kwa ife a m’chitetezo cha m’nyanja, chidwi chathu mwachibadwa chimasumika pa zosoŵa za nyama za m’nyanja—mbalame, akamba a m’nyanja, nsomba, ndi zoyamwitsa za m’madzi—zimene zimasamukira kumpoto ndi kummwera chaka chilichonse. Bluefin tuna amasamuka ku Gulf of Mexico komwe amaswana ndikupita ku Canada monga gawo la moyo wawo. Magulu amamera mophatikizana pafupi ndi gombe la Belize ndikubalalika kumadera ena. Chaka chilichonse, akamba zikwizikwi amapita kwawo kukamanga zisa m’mphepete mwa nyanja za Caribbean, Atlantic, ndi Pacific Coasts kukaikira mazira, ndipo pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi itatu pambuyo pake ana awo amene amaswa ana amachitanso chimodzimodzi.

Anangumi otchedwa gray whales m’nyengo yachisanu ku Baja kukaswana ndi kubereka ana awo amathera nyengo yawo yachilimwe chakumpoto ku Alaska, akumasamuka m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya California. Anangumi a buluu amasamuka kukadya m'madzi a Chile (m'malo opatulika The Ocean Foundation idanyadira kuthandiza kukhazikitsa), mpaka ku Mexico ndi kupitirira apo. Koma, sitikudziwabe pang'ono za khalidwe la makwerero kapena malo oberekera a nyama yaikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Pambuyo pa msonkhano wa WHMSI 4 ku Miami, womwe unachitika mu December 2010, tinapanga kafukufuku kuti tidziwe zovuta kwambiri m'madera a m'nyanja, zomwe zinatilola kuti tilembe RFP kuti tipeze malingaliro a pulogalamu yaing'ono yothandizira kuti tigwire ntchito zofunika kwambiri. . Zotsatira za Survey zikuwonetsa zotsatirazi monga magulu a mitundu yosamukira komanso malo omwe amadetsa nkhawa kwambiri:

1. Zinyama Zing'onozing'ono Zam'madzi
2. Shark ndi Rays
3. Zinyama Zazikulu Zam'madzi
4. Matanthwe a Coral ndi Mangroves
5. Magombe (kuphatikiza magombe okhala zisa)
   [NB: akamba am'nyanja anali apamwamba kwambiri, koma adathandizidwa ndi ndalama zina]

Choncho, pamsonkhano wa sabata ino tidakambirana, ndikusankhidwa kuti tipeze ndalama zothandizira ndalama 5 mwa malingaliro 37 abwino kwambiri omwe adayang'ana pa kulimbikitsa luso kuti athe kuthana ndi zofunikirazi popititsa patsogolo kasamalidwe kawo.

Zida zomwe tili nazo pamodzi ndi izi:

1. Kukhazikitsa madera otetezedwa m'malire a mayiko, makamaka omwe ndi ofunikira pa nkhani zoweta ndi nazale
2. Kutengera mwayi wa RAMSAR, CITES, World Heritage, ndi misonkhano ina yoteteza mayiko ndi mayina kuti athandizire mgwirizano ndi kutsatiridwa.
3. Kugawana zambiri za sayansi, makamaka za kuthekera kwa kusintha kwakukulu kwa machitidwe osamukira chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo.

Chifukwa chiyani nyengo ikusintha? Zamoyo zomwe zimasamuka ndizomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zowoneka bwino za nyengo yathu yomwe ikusintha. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti kusamuka kwina kumayambika chifukwa cha kutalika kwa tsiku monga momwe zimakhalira ndi kutentha. Izi zingayambitse mavuto aakulu kwa zamoyo zina. Mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kusungunuka kumpoto kungatanthauze kuphuka koyambirira kwa zomera zazikulu zothandizira ndipo motero agulugufe omwe amafika nthawi "yokhazikika" kuchokera kumwera alibe chakudya, ndipo mwina mazira awo omwe amaswa nawonso sadzadya. Kumayambiriro kwa masika kungatanthauze kuti kusefukira kwa masika kumakhudza chakudya chomwe chili m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'mphepete mwa njira za mbalame zomwe zimasamuka. Mphepo yamkuntho yosayembekezereka—mwachitsanzo, mphepo yamkuntho isanakwane nyengo “yabwinobwino”—imatha kuwombeza mbalame kutali ndi njira zomwe zadziwika kapena kuzigwetsera m’dera losatetezeka. Ngakhale kutentha kumene kumabwera m’matauni owundana kwambiri kungasinthe mmene mvula imagwa pamtunda wa makilomita masauzande ambiri n’kusokoneza kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi malo okhalamo zamoyo zosamukira. Kwa nyama za m'madzi zomwe zimakonda kusamukasamuka, kusintha kwa madzi a m'nyanja, kutentha, ndi kuya kungathe kusokoneza chilichonse, kuyambira pa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake, mpaka kapezedwe ka chakudya (monga kusintha kwa malo a nsomba), mpaka kupirira mavuto. Kenako, nyamazi zikamazolowera, ntchito zoyendera malo okaona zachilengedwe zingafunikire kusinthanso—kuti zisungidwebe maziko azachuma oteteza zamoyo.

Ndinalakwitsa kuchoka m'chipindamo kwa mphindi zingapo m'mawa wotsiriza wa msonkhano ndipo motero, ndatchedwa wapampando wa Komiti ya Marine ya WHMSI, monga momwe ndikulemekezedwa kwambiri kutumikira, ndithudi. M'chaka chamawa, tikuyembekeza kukhazikitsa mfundo ndi zofunikira zofunika kuchitapo kanthu mofanana ndi zomwe anthu ogwira ntchito pa mbalame zosamukira. Zina mwa zimenezi mosakayikira zidzaphatikizapo kuphunzira zambiri ponena za njira zimene tonsefe tingachirikizire mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo zosamukasamuka zimene zimadalira kwambiri chikomerezo cha anansi athu a kumpoto ndi kum’mwera monga chikomerezo chathu ndi kudzipereka kwathu pakusunga zachilengedwe. .

Pamapeto pake, ziwopsezo zapano kwa nyama zakutchire zomwe zimasamuka zitha kuthetsedwa bwino ngati anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi chofuna kupulumuka atha kugwirira ntchito limodzi ngati mgwirizano wokhazikika, kugawana zambiri, zokumana nazo, mavuto, ndi mayankho. Kwa ife, WHMSI ikufuna:

1. Limbikitsani mphamvu za dziko kuteteza ndi kusamalira nyama zakuthengo zomwe zimasamuka
2. Limbikitsani kulumikizana kwa hemispheric pa nkhani zoteteza zomwe zili ndi chidwi chofanana
3. Limbikitsani kugawana zidziwitso zofunika popanga zisankho mwanzeru
4. Perekani bwalo momwe zinthu zomwe zikubwera zitha kudziwika ndikuyankhidwa