Kodi Nyama Zam'madzi Ndi Ndani?

Wolemba Michael Stocker, Woyambitsa Director wa Ocean Conservation Research, pulojekiti ya The Ocean Foundation

Pamene anthu a m'dera losamalira zachilengedwe amaganiza za nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi am'madzi am'madzi amakhala pamwamba pamndandanda. Koma pali nyama zambiri zam'madzi zomwe zingakondwerere mwezi uno. The Pinnipeds, kapena “Fin footed” zisindikizo ndi mikango ya m’nyanja; a Marine Mustelids - otters, achibale awo amvula; ma Sirenians omwe amaphatikizapo ma dugong ndi manatee; ndi chimbalangondo cha polar, chomwe chimaonedwa kuti ndi nyama ya m’madzi chifukwa chakuti nthawi yaikulu ya moyo wawo imathera m’madzi kapena pamwamba pa madzi.

Mwina chifukwa chake ma cetaceans amasonkhezera malingaliro athu ambiri kuposa nyama zina zam'madzi ndi chifukwa chakuti tsogolo la anthu ndi nthano zakhala zikusokonekera m'zamoyo za nyamazi kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Kusokonekera kwa Yona ndi chinsomba ndi chimodzi mwazomwe ziyenera kukumbukiridwa (m'mene Yona sanathe kudyedwa ndi chinsomba). Koma monga woyimba ndimakondanso kugawana nawo nthano ya Arion - woyimba wina pafupi zaka 700 BCE wopulumutsidwa ndi ma dolphin chifukwa adadziwika kuti anali woimba mnzake.

Mbiri ya Cliff Note ya nthano ya Arion inali yoti amabwerera kuchokera kuulendo ali ndi chifuwa chodzaza ndi chuma chomwe adalandira polipira "gigs" zake pomwe ali pakati paulendo oyendetsa ngalawa yake adaganiza kuti akufuna chifuwacho ndipo akupita. kuponya Ariyoni m’nyanja. Pozindikira kuti kukambirana za kugawikana kwa ndalama ndi omwe amayendetsa sitimayo kunalibe m'makhadi, Arion adafunsa ngati atha kuyimba nyimbo yomaliza asanamuchotse. Atamva uthenga wozama munyimbo ya Arion, ma dolphin anafika kudzamusonkhanitsa kuchokera kunyanja ndikumupereka kumtunda.

Zachidziwikire kuti kuyanjana kwathu kowopsa ndi anamgumi kumakhudza zaka 300 zamakampani opha anangumi omwe adayatsa ndikupaka mafuta m'mizinda ikuluikulu kumayiko akumadzulo ndi ku Europe - mpaka anamgumi atatsala pang'ono kutha (mamiliyoni a nyama zazikulu zidathetsedwa, makamaka zaka 75 zapitazi. za mafakitale).

Zinsombazo zidabweranso pagulu la anthu pambuyo pa 1970 Nyimbo za Humpback Whale Album inakumbutsa anthu ambiri kuti anangumi sanali matumba a nyama ndi mafuta kuti asanduke ndalama; m’malo mwake zinali zilombo zamaganizo zokhala m’zikhalidwe zovuta kuzimvetsa ndi kuimba nyimbo zodzutsa chilakolako. Zinatenga zaka zoposa 14 kuti potsirizira pake aikitse lamulo loletsa kupha anamgumi padziko lonse, chotero, kupatulapo mayiko atatu ankhanza a Japan, Norway, ndi Iceland, kupha anamgumi onse ochita malonda kunatha pofika 1984.

Ngakhale oyendetsa sitima m'mbiri yonse akhala akudziwa kuti nyanjayi ili yodzaza ndi nthabwala, ma naiads, selkies, ndi ma siren onse omwe akuimba nyimbo zawo zankhanza, zokopa, komanso zochititsa chidwi, chinali posachedwapa pa nyimbo za whale zomwe zinachititsa kuti kufufuza kwa sayansi kumveke pa phokoso limene nyama zam'madzi zimapanga. Pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi zapezeka kuti nyama zambiri za m'nyanja - kuchokera ku corals, nsomba, mpaka ma dolphin - zonse zimakhala ndi ubale wa bioacoustic ndi malo awo.

Zina mwa zomveka - makamaka za nsomba sizimaonedwa kuti ndi zosangalatsa kwambiri kwa anthu. Kumbali ina (kapena zipsepse zina) nyimbo za nyama zambiri za m’madzi zingakhale zoona zovuta ndi zokongola. Ngakhale ma frequency a bio-sonar a dolphin ndi ma porpoise ndi okwera kwambiri kuti sitingamve, mamvekedwe awo amamveka kukhala osiyanasiyana amamvekedwe amunthu komanso osangalatsa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, maphokoso ambiri a anamgumi aakulu amakhala otsika kwambiri moti sitingathe kuwamva, choncho tiyenera “kuwafulumizitsa” kuti timvetse tanthauzo lake. Koma akaikidwa m'gulu la makutu a anthu amathanso kumveka ngati zokopa, kulira kwa anamgumi a minke kumamveka ngati cricket, ndipo nyimbo za navigation za blue whales sizimalongosola.

Koma awa ndi cetaceans; zizindikiro zambiri - makamaka omwe amakhala m'madera a polar kumene mdima umakhala mu nyengo zina zimakhala ndi mawu omwe ali adziko lapansi. Ngati mukuyenda mu Nyanja ya Weddell ndikumva chisindikizo cha Weddell, kapena mu Nyanja ya Beaufort ndikumva chisindikizo chandevu kudzera mumtambo wanu mutha kudabwa ngati mwadzipeza nokha pa pulaneti lina.

Tili ndi zidziwitso zochepa chabe za momwe phokoso lodabwitsali limalumikizirana ndi machitidwe a nyama zam'madzi; zomwe amamva, ndi zomwe amachita nazo, koma nyama zambiri zam'madzi zakhala zikusintha kumalo awo okhala m'madzi kwa zaka 20-30 miliyoni ndizotheka kuti mayankho a mafunsowa ali kunja kwa malingaliro athu.
Chifukwa chinanso chosangalalira abale athu am'madzi am'madzi.

© 2014 Michael Stocker
Michael ndi woyambitsa bungwe la Ocean Conservation Research, pulogalamu ya Ocean Foundation yomwe ikufuna kumvetsetsa momwe phokoso la anthu limakhudzira malo am'madzi. Buku lake laposachedwapa Imvani Kumene Tili: Kumveka, Ecology, ndi Kuzindikira Malo amafufuza momwe anthu ndi nyama zina zimagwiritsira ntchito phokoso kuti zikhazikitse ubale wawo ndi malo omwe amakhalapo.