Kudzipereka ku Tsogolo Labwino: Chifukwa Chake Msonkhano Wathu Wakunyanja Umandipangitsa Kuti Ndiunikenso Zomwe Zakumbukiridwa Paubwana

Kale kwambiri ndisanasamuke ndi makolo anga ku California ndi kuona mphamvu ya nyanja ndi maso anga, ndinkakhala ku New York. Chipinda changa cha ubwana chinali ndi chiguduli cha buluu ndi mbulunga yaikulu pakona ya chipindacho. Msuweni wanga Julia atabwera kudzandichezera, tinayala zoyala pansi, ndipo zofundazo zinasanduka zombo zapanyanja. Kenako, gudumu langa linasandulika kukhala nyanja yaikulu, yabuluu, ndi yamtchire.

Chovala changa cha blue ocean chinali champhamvu komanso cholimba, chodzaza ndi zoopsa zobisika. Komabe, panthawiyo, sindinadziwe kuti nyanja yanga inali pachiwopsezo cha kusintha kwa nyengo, kuipitsidwa ndi pulasitiki, ndi kuchepa kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Yembekezerani zaka 30 ndipo tili munyanja yatsopano. Nyanjayi ikukumana ndi ziwopsezo zobwera chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa, kusodza kosakhazikika, ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana pomwe kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa m'nyanjayi kukukwera.

Mu Epulo 2022, pa 7 Msonkhano Wathu Wakunyanja zidachitika ku Republic of Palau ndipo zidapangitsa kuti a mapepala a malonjezano zomwe zidafotokoza mwachidule zotsatira za msonkhano wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Mitu/mitu yayikulu isanu ndi umodzi ya msonkhano inali:

1. Kusintha Kwanyengo: 89 malonjezano, ofunika 4.9B
2. Usodzi Wokhazikika: 60 malonjezano, ofunika 668B
3. Sustainable Blue Economies: 89 malonjezano, ofunika 5.7B
4. Madera Otetezedwa M'madzi: 58 malonjezano, ofunika 1.3B
5. Chitetezo cha Panyanja: Zopereka 42, zokwana 358M
6. Kuipitsa M'madzi: 71 malonjezano, ofunika 3.3B

Monga momwe pepala la malonjezano likunenera patsamba 10, kusintha kwa nyengo ndi gawo lachidziwitso chamutu uliwonse, ngakhale kuti kukuchitika payekhapayekha. Komabe, wina angatsutse kuti kulekanitsa kusintha kwa nyengo monga mutu pawokha n’kofunika kwambiri pozindikira kugwirizana kwa nyengo ndi nyanja.

Maboma padziko lonse lapansi adalonjeza kuthana ndi vuto la kusintha kwanyengo panyanja. Mwachitsanzo, Australia idadzipereka kupereka 4.7M (USD) ndi 21.3M (USD) pothandizira magawo achiwiri a Pacific Regional Blue Carbon Initiative ndi pulogalamu yothandizira ya Climate and Oceans, motsatana. European Union ipereka 55.17M (EUR) yoyang'anira zachilengedwe zam'madzi kudzera mu pulogalamu yake yowunikira ma satelayiti ndi ntchito ya data, pakati pa ntchito zina zachuma.

Pozindikira kufunika kwa mitengo ya mangrove, dziko la Indonesia linapereka ndalama zokwana 1M (USD) kuti zithandize kukonzanso zinthu zachilengedwe zamtengo wapatalizi. Ireland idadzipereka 2.2M (EUR) kuti ikhazikitse pulogalamu yatsopano yofufuza yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri kusungirako mpweya wa buluu ndi kulandidwa, monga gawo la chithandizo chake chandalama. United States imapereka chithandizo chochulukirapo kuthana ndi kusintha kwanyengo panyanja, monga 11M (USD) ku gulu la sayansi la Estimating Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO), 107.9M (USD) kuti NASA ipange chida. kuyang'anira zachilengedwe zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, 582M (USD) kuti apititse patsogolo mafanizo a nyanja zam'nyanja, zowonera, ndi ntchito, pakati pa zinthu zina zambiri. 

Makamaka, The Ocean Foundation (TOF) idapangidwa zisanu ndi chimodzi (6) za malonjezano ake, zonse mu USD, kuphatikiza:

1. kukweza 3M kudzera pa Climate Strong Islands Network (CSIN) ya zilumba za US, 
2. kuchita 350K kuwunika kwa acidity ya nyanja ku Gulf of Guinea, 
3. kuchita 800K pakuwunika kwa acidity yam'nyanja komanso kulimba kwanthawi yayitali kuzilumba za pacific, 
4. kukweza 1.5M kuti athetse vuto la kusalingana kwadongosolo mu sayansi ya nyanja, 
5. kuyika ndalama zokwana 8M poyesa kulimba mtima kwa buluu ku Wider Caribbean Region, ndi 
6. kukweza 1B kuthandizira mgwirizano wam'nyanja ndi Rockefeller Asset Management.

Kuphatikiza apo, TOF idathandizira chitukuko cha Makina owerengera kaboni oyamba ku Palau, mogwirizana ndi msonkhanowu.

Malonjezanowa ndi ofunikira ngati gawo loyamba lolumikizira madontho pakati pa kusintha kwanyengo ndi thanzi la nyanja. Komabe, wina angafunse kuti, “Kodi tanthauzo la malonjezano ameneŵa nchiyani?”

Kudzipereka Kumalimbitsa Lingaliro Loti Kusintha kwa Nyengo ndi Nyanja Ndi Zolumikizana

Njira zachilengedwe zimalumikizana, ndipo nyanja ndi chimodzimodzi. Nyengo ikatentha, pamakhala chiwopsezo chachindunji panyanja komanso njira yoyankhira yomwe ingaimilidwe ndi chithunzi chozungulira cha kaboni pansipa. Anthu ambiri akudziwa kuti mitengo imayeretsa mpweya, koma mwina sangadziwe kuti zachilengedwe za m’mphepete mwa nyanja zimatha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri kuwirikiza ka 50 kuposa nkhalango posunga mpweya. Choncho, nyanja ndi chida chodabwitsa, choyenera kutetezedwa, chothandizira kuthetsa kusintha kwa nyengo.

Kudzipereka Kumachirikiza Lingaliro Loti Kusintha Kwa Nyengo Kukuvulaza Zamoyo Zosiyanasiyana ndi Zaumoyo Wam'nyanja

Mpweya wa carbon ukalowetsedwa m’nyanja, pamakhala kusintha kwa makemikolo m’madzi komwe kuli kosapeŵeka. Chotsatira chimodzi n’chakuti pH ya m’nyanjayi imatsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azikhala ndi asidi wambiri. Ngati mukukumbukira za chemistry ya kusekondale [inde, zinali kalekale, koma chonde ganizirani m'masiku amenewo] kutsika kwa pH, acidic kwambiri, komanso kukwezeka pH, kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Vuto limodzi lomwe zamoyo zam'madzi zimakumana nazo ndikuti zimatha kukhalapo mosangalala mkati mwa pH yanthawi zonse. Choncho, mpweya womwewo wa carbon womwe umayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa nyengo umakhudzanso acidity ya madzi a m'nyanja; ndipo kusintha kumeneku kwa madzi kumakhudzanso nyama zomwe zimakhala m’nyanja. Onani: https://ocean-acidification.org.

Kudzipereka Kumaika Patsogolo pa Nyanja Monga Chilengedwe Chosunga Moyo

Ndizosachepera kuti msonkhano wa chaka chino unachitika ku Palau - zomwe TOF imatcha Large Ocean State (m'malo mwa Small Island Developing State). Madera omwe amakhala ndi mawonedwe akutsogolo a nyanja ndi omwe amawona zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo mwachangu komanso modabwitsa. Maderawa sanganyalanyaze kapena kuchedwetsa zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo. Ngakhale pali njira zochepetsera kukwera kwa madzi a kusintha kwa nyengo, njirazi sizithetsa vuto la nthawi yayitali la momwe kusintha kwa nyengo kumakhudzira kukhulupirika kwa chilengedwe cha nyanja. Zomwe malonjezanowa akutanthauza ndikuzindikira zotsatira zomwe kusintha kwa nyengo kudzakhala nako panyanja ndipo motero pa mitundu yonse ya anthu, komanso kufunika kochitapo kanthu kuganiza zamtsogolo.

Chifukwa chake, zomwe zidapangidwa ku Msonkhano Wathu Wanyanja ndizothandiza pakuyika patsogolo kufunika kwa nyanja pa dziko lathu lapansi komanso zamoyo za anthu. Malonjezano awa amazindikira mphamvu ya nyanja, komanso kusatetezeka kwake. 

Ndikaganizira za rug ya blue ocean m'chipinda changa cha ku New York, ndikuzindikira kuti zinali zovuta panthawiyo kulumikiza zomwe zinali "pansi" pamphepete mwa nyanja ndi zomwe zikuchitika ku nyengo "pamwamba" yake. Komabe, munthu sangateteze nyanja popanda kumvetsetsa kufunika kwake ku dziko lonse lapansi. Zowonadi, kusintha kwa nyengo yathu kumakhudza nyanja m'njira zomwe tikudziwabe. Njira yokhayo yopita patsogolo ndi "kupanga mafunde" - omwe, pankhani ya Msonkhano Wathu Wanyanja - amatanthauza kudzipereka ku tsogolo labwino.