Rwendo rweKurima Hove kuChina

naMark J. Spalding, Mutungamiriri weThe Ocean Foundation

Kutarisa kunze nepahwindo rehotera paHong Kong Harbour inopa maonero anotora mazana emakore ekutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda uye nhoroondo. Kubva kune dzakajairwa maChinese junks nemaseiri adzo akazara kusvika kune ichangoburwa muzvikepe zvema-mega-container, kusashanda kwenguva uye kusvika kwepasirese kunofambiswa nenzira dzekutengesa mugungwa kunomiririrwa zvizere. Nguva pfupi yadarika, ndakanga ndiri kuHong Kong ye10th International Sustainable Seafood Summit, inotambirwa neSeaWeb. Pashure pemusangano mukuru, boka duku zvikuru rakakwira bhazi kuenda kunyika yeChina kurwendo rwomumvura. Mubhazi maive nevamwe vatinoshanda navo mari, vamiriri veindasitiri yehove, pamwe nevatori venhau vana vekuChina, John Sackton weSeafoodNews.com, Bob Tkacz weAlaska Journal of Commerce, vamiriri veNGO, naNora Pouillon, mubiki ane mukurumbira, restoreti ( Resitorendi Nora), uye mumiriri anozivikanwa wekuchengetedza chikafu chegungwa. 

Sezvandakanyora mutsamba yangu yekutanga nezverwendo rweHong Kong, China inogadzira (uye kazhinji, inodya) inosvika makumi matatu muzana ezvigadzirwa zvemvura zvepasi rose. VaChinese vane ruzivo rwakawanda-kurima kwemvura kwave kuchiitwa muChina kwemakore anoda kusvika 30. Kuchengetwa kwemvura yechinyakare kwaiitwa padivi nenzizi munzvimbo dzine mafashamo uko kwaiitwa kurima hove pamwe chete nembesa dzemhando imwe kana imwe dzaigona kutora mukana wemvura inoyerera kubva muhove kuwedzera goho. China iri kuenda kune maindasitiri ezve aquaculture kuti izadzise kudiwa kwayo kuri kukura, uku ichichengeta imwe yetsika dzayo dzemumvura munzvimbo. Uye kuvandudzwa kwakakosha pakuona kuti kuwedzera kurima kwemumvura kunogona kuitwa nenzira dzinobatsira mune zvehupfumi, dzinotarisa zvakatipoteredza, uye dzakakodzera magariro.

Kumira kwedu kwekutanga kwaive kuGuangzhou, guta guru redunhu reGuangdong, kumusha kune vanhu vangangosvika mamirioni manomwe. Ikoko, takashanyira Huangsha Live Seafood Market iyo inozivikanwa semusika mukuru wepasi rose wekudya kwegungwa. Matangi e lobster, grouper, nedzimwe mhuka airwira nzvimbo nevatengi, vatengesi, vanoatakura, uye vatakuri—uye zviuru zvezvinwiwa zvinotonhorera zveStyrofoam zvinoshandiswazve apo chigadzirwa chacho chinotakurwa kubva pamusika uchiendeswa kune imwe tafura nebhasikoro, rori, kana zvimwewo zvinhu. . Migwagwa yakanyorova nemvura yakadeuka kubva mumatangi uye inoshandiswa kugeza pasi nzvimbo dzekuchengetera, uye nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvinwiwa munhu kazhinji haafarire kusagara pazviri. Kunobva hove dzemusango dzakabatwa dziri pasi rose uye zvizhinji zvechigadzirwa chemumvura chaibva kuChina kana kuAsia yese. Hove dzinochengetwa dzakatsva sezvinobvira uye izvi zvinoreva kuti zvimwe zvezvinhu ndezvemwaka - asi kazhinji zvine musoro kutaura kuti unogona kuwana chero chinhu pano, kusanganisira mhuka dzausati wamboona.

Kumira kwedu kwechipiri kwaiva Zhapo Bay pedyo neMaoming. Takatora matekisi emvura ekare kuenda kunzvimbo inoyangarara yemapurazi ekeji aishandiswa neYangjiang Cage Culture Association. Mazana mashanu emasumbu ezvinyoreso aiva pachiteshi chengarava. Paboka rimwe nerimwe paive neimba diki yaigara murimi wehove uye chikafu chaichengetwa. Mazhinji emasumbu acho aivewo nembwa huru yaichengeta nzira dzakatetepa pakati pezvinyoreso zvega. Vatigamuchira vakatiratidza imwe yemaoparesheni uye vakapindura mibvunzo pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwavo kwedhiramu dzvuku, yellow croaker, pompano uye grouper. Vakatodhonza mambure epamusoro ndokunyura mukati ndokutipa pompano mhenyu nokuda kwechisvusvuro chedu, vakanyatsorongedza mubhegi reblue repurasitiki nemvura mukati mebhokisi reStyrofoam. Takaenda nako kuresitorendi yemanheru iwayo uye takaita kuti igadzirirwe pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinonaka zvataizodya.

Kumira kwedu kwechitatu kwaive kuGuolian Zhanjiang Group headquarters kuitira kuratidzwa kwekambani, kudya kwemasikati, uye kushanya kwechirimwa chayo chekugadzira uye malabhu ekudzora mhando. Takashanyirawo nzvimbo dzinoberekeswa shrimp dzeGuolian uye madziva anokura. Ngatimbotii nzvimbo ino yaive yemhando yepamusoro-soro, bhizinesi reindasitiri, rakatarisana nekugadzirwa kwemusika wepasi rose, wakakwana neyakaomeserwa brood stock, yakasanganiswa shrimp hatchery, madziva, kugadzira chikafu, kugadzirisa, kutsvagisa kwesainzi uye vanodyidzana navo. Taifanira kupfeka zvivharo zvakazara, ngowani nemasks, kufamba nemushonga wekuuraya utachiona, uye kukwesha pasi tisati tatarisa nzvimbo yekugadziridza. Mukati maive neimwe shaya yaidonha yaive isiri high tech. Imba yenhabvu yakakura ine mitsetse pamitsara yevakadzi vakapfeka masutu ehazmat, vakagara pazvituru vakaisa maoko avo mutswanda dzeaizi kwavaigura misoro, vachipepeta nekubvisa tsinga. Ichi chikamu chaive chisiri chepamusoro tech, takaudzwa, nekuti hapana muchina waigona kuita basa nekukurumidza kana zvakare
Guolian mubairo wekuhwina (kusanganisira akanakisa maitiro kubva kuAquaculture Certification Council) zvivakwa ndeimwe yenzvimbo mbiri chete dzePacific chena shrimp (prawn) nzvimbo dzekuberekesa muChina uye ndiyo yega yeChinese zero tariff bhizinesi inotumira kunze (mhando shanu dzeshiri dzakasimudzwa mumapurazi. zvigadzirwa) kuUSA. Nguva inotevera paunogara pasi pane imwe yezvitoro zveDarden (zvakadai seRed Lobster kana Olive Garden) uye kuraira shrimp scampi, zvichida inobva kuGuolian, iyo yakakura, yakagadziriswa, uye yakabikwa.

Parwendo rwemumunda takaona kuti pane zvinogadzirisa dambudziko rechiyero mukuzadzisa zvinodiwa zveprotein nemusika. Zvikamu zvezviito izvi zvinofanirwa kurongeka kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinogoneka: Kusarudza mhando dzemhando dzakakodzera, tekinoroji yekuyera uye nzvimbo yezvakatipoteredza; kuzivisa zvinodiwa munharaunda netsika nemagariro (zvese chikafu uye kuwanikwa kwevashandi), uye kuvimbisa mabhenefiti ehupfumi. Kusangana kwesimba, mvura, uye zvinodiwa zvekufambisa zvinofanirwawo kuisa mukuita sarudzo pamusoro pemashandisirwo aya anogona kushandiswa kutsigira kuchengetedza kwekudya uye kusimudzira hutano hwehupfumi hwenzvimbo.

PaThe Ocean Foundation, tanga tichitarisa nzira dziri kusimukira tekinoroji dzakagadzirwa neakasiyana siyana emasangano uye zvido zvekutengesa zvinogona kuiswa kuti zvipe zvinogara, zvakatsiga zvehupfumi uye zvemagariro mabhenefiti izvo zvakare zvinoderedza kudzvanywa kumhuka dzesango. MuNew Orleans East, indasitiri yekuredza yemuno inobata 80% yenharaunda. Hurricane Katrina, kupera kwemafuta eBP, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakakurudzira kuedza kunonakidza kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana kugadzira hove, miriwo, nehuku yezvinodiwa zveresitorendi yemuno, kupa kuchengetedzwa kwehupfumi, uye kuona nzira dzekuti kunaka kwemvura uye simba rinodiwa zvinogona kudzora. kudzivirira kukuvadzwa nezviitiko zvedutu. MuBaltimore, chirongwa chakafanana chiri muchikamu chekutsvagisa. Asi isu tichachengetedza nyaya idzodzo kune imwe post.