Oasis yeSainzi

Kumucheto kwedhamu riri kure-kure muBaja California Sur, rakakomberedzwa nenzvimbo yezvinwiwa zvakaderera, nzvimbo dzakakura dzemunyu, uye shongwe. teasel cacti inoonekwa pamhene sevarindi vakafanana netotem vakafukidzwa mumiraji, kune rabhoritari diki. Iyo Francisco "Pachico" Mayoral Field Laboratory. 

Mukati merabhoritari iyi, ine turbine yayo inotenderera ichitenderera zvine chisimba paaxis yayo yakatwasuka kuti ibate imwe neimwe uye yega, mapaneru ayo ezuva achipenya semadziva e obsidian ane gridlines akagezeswa nezuva remurenje, imwe yesainzi yakanakisa pasi rose pamusoro pegrey whales iri kuitwa. . Uye, zviri kuitwa nevamwe vevanhu vakanaka kwazvo pasi rose kuzviita.

Iyi ndiyo Laguna San Ignacio Ecosystem Science Chirongwa, chirongwa cheThe Ocean Foundation.

Uye, iyi iLaguna San Ignacio, uko gwenga rinosangana negungwa, imwe nyika yepamhenderekedzo yegungwa ecosystem, iri chikamu cheMexico El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve.

Kwemakore, iyi nharaunda iri kure yakatora pfungwa dzevaongorori, masayendisiti, vagadziri vemafirimu, uye varedzi vehove, pamwe chete nevafambisi vehove nevemaindasitiri. Dhamu, rinonyanya kuzivikanwa nenhamba inokatyamadza yegrey whales anouya muchando chega chega kuti abereke uye abereke, azere nemhuka dzesango dzakasiyana siyana, zvinosanganisira kamba dzemugungwa, ma dolphin, lobster, nemhando dzakawanda dzehove dzinokosha kutengeswa. Dhamu inzvimbo yakakosha yekupotera kune shiri dzemumvura dzinotama uye shiri dzemumahombekombe dzinotsvaga chikafu nepekugara munzvimbo dzaro dzakapfuma. Masango matsvuku nemachena enzvimbo iyi ane zvipenyu zvakawanda.

Kubva kumusoro, dhamu racho rinoita senzvimbo yakasvibira yakakomberedzwa nemakomo matsvuku neocher, gungwa guru rePacific Ocean richitsemuka zvine mutsindo pajecha rinoratidza mukova wedhamu racho. Kutarisa kumusoro, denga risingaperi rakachenuruka rinoshandura husiku hwega hwega kuita denga rinopenya renyeredzi dzinoyerera pakati pemaeddies nechamupupuri cheMilky Way.

“Mushanyi kudhamu racho anofanira kuzvishingisa kumhanyiro yemhepo, mafungu, uye mukuita kudaro, kushamisa kwose kwenzvimbo kunosvikika. Iyi shanduko yegore negore mumafungiro nemaonero, kuderera kwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva kutevera mamwe wachi dzechisikigo, kukudziridza kuonga kuzere kweizvo zuva rega rega zvatakaunzira, zviri nani kana kuipa, ndiyo yatakasvika pakudaidza kuti 'Nguva yeLagoon.’” – Steven Swartz (1)

Steven Swartz naMary Lou Jones 'yekutanga mepu yakadhirowa nemaoko

Pandakatanga kusvika husiku pamahombekombe matema einky ndichitevera 4 × 4 rwendo mhiri kwerenje, mhepo ichivhuvhuta zvine simba uye zvine ruzha - sezvainowanzoita - uye izere negwenga regwenga nemunyu, ndakatadza kuita ruzha rwaibva. rima riri pamberi pangu. Pandakanga ndakatarisa inzwi, dzimwe pfungwa dzangu dzakanyarara. Matende anoputika edzimba dzevadzidzi uye masayendisiti akamiswa pakati pebillow; nyeredzi dzakadzokera kumashure kuita froth yenyeredzi, kuchena kwadzo kuchena kuchiita sekunge kupfekedza ruzha uye kupa iyo synesthetic tsananguro. Uye, ipapo, ndakaziva kwakabva ruzha.

Kwakanga kuri kurira kwegrey whale—vanamai nemhuru—zvairira zvinonzwika mujengachenga, mhungu yakaputirwa nerima guru, yakasvibiswa nezvakavanzika, uye ichiratidzira upenyu hutsva.

Ballenas grises. Eschrichtius robustus. Iwo asinganzwisisike grey whales eLaguna San Ignacio. Ndaizozvionera ndega kuti vane hushamwariwo.

Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo iyi yakwezva vanhu vakawanda kubvira vatsvakurudzi vakaita saDr. Ray Gilmore, “baba vewhale watching,” vakatanga kuita nzendo dzesainzi kare mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, Dr. Steven Swartz naMary Lou Jones vakaitisa. yekutanga yakarongeka zvidzidzo zvegrey whale mugungwa kubva 1977-1982. (2) Dr. Swartz vaizobatana naDr. Jorge Urban kuti vatange Laguna San Ignacio Ecosystem Science Program (LSIESP), iyo, mu2009, yakava purojekiti yakatsigirwa nemari yeThe Ocean Foundation.

Chirongwa ichi chinotarisa "zviratidziro" - biological, ecological, uye even sociological metrics - kutarisa uye kupa mazano ekuona hutano huripo hweLaguna San Ignacio Wetlands Complex. Iyo data yakaunganidzwa neLSIESP, inoonekwa mumamiriro ekuchinja kwakakura kwezvakatipoteredza kunokonzerwa nekudziya kwepasi, inobatsira kwazvo kuronga kwenguva refu kuona kuti iyi yakasarudzika yemamiriro ekunze inogona kuchengetedza kunze kumanikidzwa kwe eco-tourism, hove, uye vanhu vanodana izvi. nzvimbo kumba. Maseti asina kukanganiswa akabatsira kuumba manzwisisiro edu edhamu, zvinonetsa, kutenderera kwaro, uye chimiro chevagari vemwaka nekusingaperi. Mukubatana nenhoroondo yekutanga data, kuenderera mberi kwekuedza kweLSIESP kwaita iyi imwe yenzvimbo dzakadzidzwa zvakanyanya dzekutarisa grey whale maitiro munyika.

Chishandiso chimwe chinobatsira chakabuda mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura kutora mafoto edhijitari. Raimbova basa raida kuwanda kwemafirimu, makemikari ane muchetura, makamuri ane rima, uye ziso rakanaka rekuenzanisa, ikozvino vaongorori vanogona kutora mazana kana asiri zviuru zvemifananidzo pakubuda kumwe chete kuti vatore pfuti yakakwana yezvinangwa zvekuenzanisa. Makomputa anobatsira mukuwongorora mafoto nekubvumira kuongororwa nekukurumidza, kuongorora, uye kuchengetedza zvachose. Nekuda kwemakamera edhijitari, kuzivikanwa kwemifananidzo kwave musimboti webiology yemhuka uye inobvumira LSIESP kutora chikamu mukutarisisa hutano, mamiriro emuviri, uye kukura kwehupenyu hwega ega whale mudhamu.

LSIESP nevaongorori vayo vanga vachiburitsa mishumo yezvavakawana kubva kutanga kwema1980 nekuzivikanwa kwemifananidzo kunoshanda basa rakakosha. Mumushumo wekupedzisira wemumunda wemwaka wa2015-2016, tsvakiridzo dzinoti: "Mapikicha 'akatorwazve' whale akasimbisa mazera ewhale kubva ku26 kusvika kumakore makumi mana nematanhatu, uye kuti vakadzi ava vari kuramba vachiberekana nekushanyira Laguna San Ignacio ne mhuru dzavo itsva nguva yechando. Idzi ndidzo data rekare rekuzivikanwa kwemifananidzo kune chero mhenyu grey whale, uye anoratidza zvakajeka kuvimbika kwekupfuya grey whale dzechikadzi kuLaguna San Ignacio. " (46)

Yenguva refu, isina kukanganiswa dhatabheti yakagonesa vaongorori veLSIESP kuti vabatanidze grey whale maitiro nehukuru-hukuru hwemamiriro ekunze anosanganisira El Niño y La Niña kutenderera, iyo Pacific Decadal Oscillation, uye tembiricha yegungwa. Kuvapo kwezviitiko izvi kune mhedzisiro inonzwisisika panguva yekusvika kwegrey whale nekusimuka kwechando chega chega, pamwe nehuwandu hwemawhale uye hutano hwavo hwese.

Tsvagiridzo nyowani yemajini iri kubvumira vaongorori kuenzanisa grey whales eLaguna San Ignacio nehuwandu hwakaipisisa hweWestern grey whales, inogara mhiri kwePacific basin. Kuburikidza nekudyidzana nemamwe masangano pasi rese, LSIESP yave nzvimbo yakakosha mune yakakura-siyana yekutarisa network yakatsaurirwa kunzwisisa zvirinani ecology uye huwandu hwegrey whale pasi rose. Zvichangobva kuonekwa ma<em>grey whale ari kumahombekombe eIsrael neNamibia anoratidza kuti huwandu hwawo hunogona kunge huri kuwedzera sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ichivhura mikoto isina aizi muArctic kubvumira kufamba kwemawhale kudzokera kuAtlantic — gungwa raasati ambogara kubvira. kuparara panguva yekureba kwekutengesa whaling.

LSIESP iri kuwedzerawo tsvakiridzo yeshiri dzayo kuti iongorore basa rakakosha rinoitwa neshiri munzvimbo yakaoma yegungwa, pamwe nekuwanda uye maitiro adzo. Mushure mekutambudzika nekurasikirwa kunoparadza kweshiri dzinogara pasi paIsla Garza neIsla Pelicano kune mhungu dzine nzara, dzakaratidza kuti dzine hunyanzvi hwekutarisa mafashama kana kushambira chaiko, zvivakwa zvekugadzira zvakaiswa zvakatenderedza dhamu kuti zvibatsire vanhu kuvaka patsva. .

Zvisineyi, zvimwe zvekushandisa zviri kudiwa zvakanyanya kutsigira chirongwa chetsvakiridzo yeshiri dzinobhururuka kuitira kuti tigadzire dhatabheti dzenguva refu, dzakarongeka dzakashanda basa rakakosha mukuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu kwerava grey whales. Kuedza uku kunonyanya kukosha kana tichitarisa basa rinoitwa nedata rakavimbika mukugadzira mitemo yeveruzhinji, izvo zvinoda kubatana nedzimwe nyika kudzivirira shiri dzemudhamu dzinotama zvikuru.

Zvichida rimwe remabasa anonyanya kukosha epurogiramu ndeyekudzidzisa. LSIESP inopa mikana yekudzidza nekubatanidza vadzidzi — vepuraimari kusvika kukoreji — uye kuvafumura kunzira dzesainzi dzekutsvagisa, kuchengetedza maitiro akanaka, uye, pamusoro pezvose, yakanakisa, yakasarudzika ecosystem iyo isingangogari hupenyu chete — inokurudzira hupenyu.

Kudzoka munaKurume, chirongwa ichi chakaita kirasi kubva kuAutonomous University yeBaja California Sur, mudiwa akakosha weLSIESP. Panguva yerwendo rwemumunda, vadzidzi vakapinda muzvidzidzo zvemumunda, izvo zvinoratidzira basa rakaitwa nevaongorori vechirongwa, kusanganisira kutariswa kwemapikicha egrey whale uye ongororo yeavian kufungidzira kuwanda kweshiri nekusiyana. Tichitaura neboka pakupera kwerwendo rwavo, takakurukura mikana yakasiyana-siyana iripo yekutsigira basa iri rinokosha, uye kukosha kwekusangana nedhamu racho pachako. Kunyange vasiri vese vevadzidzi vanozove nyanzvi dzezvipenyu dzesango dzichishanda mumunda, zviri pachena kuti kuita uku hakusi kungosimudzira ruzivo - kuri kugadzira chizvarwa chitsva chevatariri kuti vaone kuti dhamu rinoramba richidzivirirwa kure mune ramangwana. .

Vadzidzi pavainge vari kudhamu, LSIESP yakaisawo "Community Reunion" yechigumi gore negore uye simposiamu yesainzi. Misoro mizhinji yakaongororwa mumushumo wemunda wegore rino yakagadziriswa kuburikidza nemharidzo kubva kuvatsvaguri, kusanganisira grey whale census updates, mhedzisiro yekutanga avian ongororo, zvidzidzo zvevakadzi grey whale makore kubva munhoroondo yekuzivikanwa kwemifananidzo, grey whale vocalizations, uye acoustic zvidzidzo pa Diel kutenderera kwebiological uye ruzha rwevanhu mudhamu.

Ichiita vashanyi vangangosvika zana nemakumi maviri nevashanu, kusanganisira vashanyi, vadzidzi, vaongorori, uye vagari vemunzvimbo iyi, Community Reunion inoratidza kuzvipira kweLSIESP mukuparadzira ruzivo rwesainzi rwakavimbika uye kugadzira nzvimbo yenhaurirano nevazhinji vane chekuita navo vanoshandisa dhamu. Kuburikidza nemaforamu akaita seaya, chirongwa ichi chinodzidzisa nekupa simba nharaunda yeko kuti iite sarudzo dzine ruzivo nezvesarudzo dzebudiriro mune remangwana.

Kubatana kwerudzi urwu kwakaratidza kwakakosha zvichitevera danho rehurumende yeMexico rekudzima hurongwa hwainetsa mukupera kwema1990 ekuvaka nzvimbo yekugadzira munyu padhamu, izvo zvingadai zvakashandura zvakanyanya ecosystem. Nekuita vagari vemunzvimbo iyi, LSIESP yakapa data kutsigira kusimukira kwakasimba kweindasitiri iri kusimukira yezvekushanyirwa kwemhepo zvinoenderana nekuchengetedzwa kwemaruva nemhuka zvakasarudzika zvemudhamu. Kuedza kuri kuenderera mberi kwekuchengetedza kunounza kudzoka kwehupfumi pakudyara zvichipihwa kukosha kwekuchengetedza kukwezva kwenzvimbo yegungwa kuti irambe ichikwezva vashanyi vanotsigira mararamiro evagari venzvimbo.

Ramangwana renzvimbo iyi inokosha rakamira sei? Pamusoro pekusagadzikana kwakabatana nekukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose, kusimukira kwehupfumi kuri kufambira mberi mudhamu. Kunyange zvazvo mugwagwa unoenda kudhamu usiri mugwagwa une chipatapata, pane kutyira kuti kuwedzera kwenzira kunokonzerwa nemugwagwa unoenda kudhamu kuchaita kuti vanhu vawedzere kudzvanya panzvimbo iyi yakaoma. Zvirongwa zvekuunza sevhisi yemagetsi nemvura kubva kudhorobha reSan Ignacio zvichavandudza hupenyu hwevagari venzvimbo iyi, asi hazvizivikanwe kana nzvimbo iyi yakaoma inogona kutsigira humwe hugaro hwechigarire uku ichichengetedza hunhu hwayo hwakasiyana uye kuwanda kwemhuka dzesango.

Chero zvingazoitika mumakore anotevera, zviri pachena kuti kuchengetedzwa kunoenderera mberi kweLaguna San Ignacio kuchanyanya kutsamira, sezvazvaimboita, kune vashanyi venzvimbo inoyevedza, la ballena gris.

“Pakupedzisira grey whale ndivo vamiriri vawo vezvakanaka. Vanhu vashoma vanosangana nereviathan dzekutanga vanosiya vasina kushanduka. Hapana dzimwe mhuka muMexico dzinokwanisa kuwana rudzi rwerutsigiro rune grey whale. Nekuda kweizvozvo, idzi cetaceans dzichagadzira ramangwana ravo. " – Serge Dedina (4)

Ndadzoka kuWashington, DC, ndinogara ndichiyeuchidzwa nezvenguva yandaive ndiri mudhamu. Pamwe imhaka yekuti ndiri kugara ndichiona, nanhasi, marara emugwenga muzvinhu zvakasiyana zvandakauya nazvo—mubhegi rangu rekurara, mukamera yangu, uye kunyangwe mukhibhodi yandinotaipa panguva ino. Kana kuti zvimwe imhaka yokuti pandinonzwa masaisai achirova pamahombekombe, kana kuti kutinhira kwemhepo yegungwa, ndinenge ndichiri kufunga kuti pane mumwe mutsindo uri kurira pasi chaipo. Uye, pandinoisa pfungwa paruzha irworwo—sezvandakaita usiku hwandakasvika mudhamu pakunzwika kusinganzwisisike kwekuvhuvhuta kwewhale mujengachenga—kunotanga kuita serwiyo. A cetacean concerto. Asi rwiyo urwu rwakayambuka zvinopfuura madhishi makuru egungwa. Yakayambuka nharaunda yemweya wemunhu, ichiruka pamwechete vanhu vanobva pasirese, mudandemutande rayo renziyo. Ndirwo rwiyo rusingasiyi muenzi kudhamu. Irwo rwiyo runotidaidza kuti tidzokere kunzvimbo yekare uko mawhale nevanhu varipo sevanhu vakaenzana, sevadyidzani, uye semhuri.

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(1) Swartz, Steven (2014). Nguva yeLagoon. Iyo Ocean Foundation. San Diego, CA. 1st edition. Peji 5.

(2) Laguna San Ignacio Ecosystem Science Chirongwa (2016). “Nezve.” http://www.sanignaciograywhales.org/about/. 

(3) Laguna San Ignacio Ecosystem Science Chirongwa (2016). 2016 Research Report yeLaguna San Ignacio & Bahia Magdalena. 2016 http://www.sanignaciograywhales.org/2016/06/2016-research-reports-new-findings/

(4) Dedina, Serge (2000). Kuchengetedza Grey Whale: Vanhu, Zvematongerwo enyika, uye Kuchengetedza muBaja California. Yunivhesiti yeArizona Press. Tucson, Arizona. 1st edition.