Blue Upfumi

1. ziviso
2. Chii chinonzi Blue Economy?
3. Economic Impact
4. Aquaculture uye Hove
5. Tourism, Cruises, uye Recreational Hove
6. Technology muBlue Economy
7. Bhuruu Kukura
8. Hurumende yeNyika uye International Organizational Action

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Dzvanya pazasi kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve yedu yakagadzikana yeblue economy maitiro:

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1. ziviso

Humambo hwaive hwakavakirwa zvachose pakushandiswa kwezviwanikwa, pamwe nekutengeserana kwezvinhu zvevatengi (micheka, zvinonhuwira, chinaware), uye (zvinosuruvarisa) varanda uye vaitsamira pagungwa pakutakura. Kunyangwe shanduko yeindasitiri yaifambiswa neoiri kubva munyanza, nekuti pasina mafuta espermaceti yekuzora michina, chiyero chekugadzirwa hachigone kuchinja. Vanoisa mari, vanofungidzira, uye indasitiri yeinishuwarenzi ichangotanga (Lloyd's yeLondon) zvese zvakavakwa kubva mukubatanidzwa mukutengeserana kwemakungwa kwepasi rose kwezvinonhuhwirira, mafuta ewhale, uye simbi dzinokosha.

Saka, kuisa mari muhupfumi hwegungwa kwakada kufanana nehupfumi hwegungwa pachahwo. Saka nei tichitaura sekunge pane chimwe chinhu chitsva? Sei tiri kugadzira mutsara wekuti "the blue economy?" Nei tichifunga kuti kune mukana mutsva wekukura kubva ku "blue economy?"

Iyo (itsva) Bhuruu Economy inoreva zviitiko zvehupfumi izvo zviri zviviri zviri mukati, uye izvo zvinoshingaira zvakanakira gungwa, kunyangwe tsananguro dzichisiyana. Nepo pfungwa yeBlue Economy ichiramba ichichinja uye kuchinjika, budiriro yehupfumi munharaunda dzegungwa nemahombekombe inogona kugadzirwa kuti ishande sehwaro hwebudiriro inoenderera pasirese.

Pakati peiyo pfungwa nyowani yeBlue Economy ndiko kubatanidza budiriro yemagariro nehupfumi kubva mukushatisa kwezvakatipoteredza… chikamu chese hupfumi hwegungwa chine mabasa ekuvandudza uye ekudzoreredza izvo zvinotungamira kukusimudzira hutano hwevanhu uye kugara zvakanaka, kusanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu uye kusikwa. chekurarama nacho.

Mark J. Spalding | Kukadzi, 2016

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2. Chii chinonzi Blue Economy?

Spalding, MJ (2021, Chivabvu 26) Kuisa mari muNew Blue Economy. Iyo Ocean Foundation. Returned from: https://youtu.be/ZsVxTrluCvI

Iyo Ocean Foundation inodyidzana uye chipangamazano weRockefeller Capital Management, ichibatsira kuona makambani eruzhinji ane zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvehukama hune hutano hwevanhu negungwa. Mutungamiri weTOF, Mark J. Spalding vanokurukura mubatanidzwa uyu nekudyara mari muhupfumi hweblue hwakasimba mune ichangoburwa 2021 webinar.  

Wenhai L., Cusack C., Baker M., Tao W., Mingbao C., Paige K., Xiaofan Z., Levin L., Escobar E., Amon D., Yue Y., Reitz A., Neves AAS , O'Rourke E., Mannarini G., Pearlman J., Tinker J., Horsburgh KJ, Lehodey P., Pouliquen S., Dale T., Peng Z. naYufeng Y. (2019, June 07). Yakabudirira Blue Economy Mienzaniso Nekusimbisa paMaonero Epasirese. Miganhu muMarine Science 6 (261). Zvakatorwa kubva: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00261

The Blue Economy inoshanda segadziriro uye mutemo wezviitwa zvehupfumi zvemugungwa zvakagadzikana pamwe nehunyanzvi hutsva hwemugungwa. Iri bepa rinopa mucherechedzo wakadzama pamwe chete nedzidziso uye yechokwadi-yepasi nyaya zvidzidzo zvinomiririra matunhu epasirese akasiyana kuti ape kubvumirana kweBlue Economy yese.

Banos Ruiz, I. (2018, Chikunguru 03). Blue Economy: Kwete chete yeHove. Deutsche Welle. Zvakatorwa kubva: https://p.dw.com/p/2tnP6.

Mukusuma kupfupi kuBlue Economy, nhepfenyuro yeDeutsche Welle Germany inopa tarisiro yakatwasuka yeBlue Economy ine mativi mazhinji. Vachitaura nezvekutyisidzira kwakadai sekuredza hove, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, uye kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki, munyori anopokana kuti chakashata kugungwa chakashata kuvanhu uye kuchine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinoda kuenderera mberi kwekubatana kuchengetedza hupfumi hwakawanda hwegungwa.

Keen, M., Schwarz, AM, Wini-Simeon, L. (Kukadzi 2018). Kusvika Kutsanangudza Upfumi hweBlue: Zvidzidzo Zvinoshanda kubva kuPacific Ocean Governance. Marine Policy. Vol. 88 p. 333 – p. 341. Yakatorwa kubva: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.002

Vanyori vakagadzira dhizaini yekufungidzira kugadzirisa akasiyana mazwi ane chekuita neBlue Economy. Hurongwa uhwu hunoratidzwa muchiitiko chekuongorora kwehove nhatu muSolomon Islands: misika midiki, misika yemumaguta yenyika, uye kuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri epasi rose kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwe tuna onshore. Padanho repasi, pachine matambudziko kubva kurutsigiro rwenzvimbo, kuenzana kwevakadzi uye matunhu ezvematongerwo enyika izvo zvese zvinokanganisa kusimba kweBlue Economy.

World Wildlife Fund (2018) Misimboti yeSustainable Blue Economy Briefing. Iyo World Wildlife Fund. Returned from: https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/oceans/publications/?247858/Principles-for-a-Sustainable-Blue-Economy

World Wildlife Fund's Principles for a Sustainable Blue Economy ine chinangwa chekudonongodza muchidimbu pfungwa yeBlue Economy kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti budiriro yeupfumi hwegungwa ichipa budiriro yechokwadi. Chinyorwa ichi chinopokana kuti iyo yakagadzikana yeBlue Economy inofanirwa kutongwa neruzhinji uye yakavanzika maitiro anosanganisira, ane ruzivo rwakakwana, anochinja, anozvidavirira, ari pachena, akazara, uye anoshanda. Kuti vazadzise zvinangwa izvi veruzhinji nevanozvimiririra vanofanirwa kuseta zvinangwa zvinoyerwa, kuongorora uye kutaurirana mashandiro avo, kupa mitemo yakakwana uye zvinokurudzira, kutonga nemashandisirwo enzvimbo yegungwa, kukudziridza zviyero, kunzwisisa kusvibiswa kwegungwa kunowanzo kutangira panyika, uye kushandira pamwe kusimudzira shanduko. .

Grimm, K. uye J. Fitzsimmons. (2017, Gumiguru 6) Tsvagiridzo uye Mazano eKukurukurirana nezveBlue Economy. Spitfire. PDF

Spitfire yakagadzira ongororo yemamiriro ekutaurirana ane chekuita neBlue Economy ye2017 Mid-Atlantic Blue Ocean Economy 2030 Forum. Ongororo iyi yakaratidza dambudziko rinotungamira rinoramba riri kushaya tsananguro uye ruzivo mune zvese maindasitiri uye pakati peveruzhinji nevagadziri vemitemo. Pakati pemamwe gumi nemaviri ekurudziro yakaratidza dingindira rakafanana pakudiwa kwehurongwa hwekutumira mameseji uye kuita basa.

Food and Agriculture Organisation yeUnited Nations. (2017, Chivabvu 3). Blue Kukura Charter muCabo Verde. United Nations. Returned from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmw4kvfUnZI

United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization inotsigira Small Island Developing States kuburikidza nehuwandu hwezvirongwa pasi rose, kusanganisira Blue Growth Charter. Cape Verde yakasarudzwa sechirongwa chekuyedza cheBlue Growth Charter yekusimudzira marongero nekudyara zvine chekuita nebudiriro yegungwa. Vhidhiyo iyi inoburitsa zvakasiyana-siyana zveBlue Economy kusanganisira kukonzeresa kwevagari vemo zvisingawanzo kuratidzwa mukutsanangurwa kwakakura kweBlue Economy.

Spalding, MJ (2016, February). Iyo New Blue Economy: Iyo Ramangwana Rekugadzikana. Nyaya yeOcean uye Coastal Economics. Returned from: http://dx.doi.org/10.15351/2373-8456.1052

Hutsva hweBlue Economy ishoko rakagadzirwa kutsanangura zviitiko zvinokurudzira hukama hwakanaka pakati pezviyedzo zvevanhu, chiitiko chehupfumi, uye kuedza kuchengetedza.

UN Environment Program Finance Initiative. (2021, Kurume). Kushandura Mafungu: Maitiro ekuita mari yekudzoreredza kwegungwa: Gwaro rinoshanda remasangano emari kutungamira kudzoreredza kwegungwa. Dhawunirodha pano pane ino webhusaiti.

Iyi nhungamiro yakapihwa neUN Environment Programme Yemari Initiative ishongedzo yemusika-yekutanga inoshanda yemasangano ezvemari kuti aenderere mberi nezviitwa zvawo mukuwana mari yehupfumi hweblue. Yakagadzirirwa mabhangi, mainishuwarenzi uye vanoisa mari, iyo nhungamiro inotaridza nzira yekudzivirira uye kudzikisira njodzi dzenharaunda nemagariro uye zvinokanganisa, pamwe nekusimbisa mikana, kana uchipa capital kumakambani kana mapurojekiti mukati mehupfumi hwebhuruu. Zvikamu zvishanu zvakakosha zvegungwa zvinoongororwa, zvakasarudzirwa hukama hwazvo nemari yakazvimirira: chikafu chemugungwa, kutakura zvikepe, zviteshi, kushanya kwemahombekombe negungwa uye simba remugungwa rinodzokororwa, kunyanya mhepo yekumahombekombe.

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3. Economic Impact

Asian Development Bank / International Finance Corporation yakabatana neInternational Capital Market Association (ICMA), United National Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI), uye United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) (2023, Gunyana). Zvisungo zveMari yeSustainable Blue Economy: A Practitioner's Guide. https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Sustainable-finance/Bonds-to-Finance-the-Sustainable-Blue-Economy-a-Practitioners-Guide-September-2023.pdf

Nhungamiro nyowani pamabhondi ebhuruu kubatsira kuvhura mari yehupfumi hwemakungwa | International Capital Market Association (ICMA) pamwe neInternational Finance Corporation (IFC) - inhengo yeWorld Bank Group, United Nations Global Compact, Asian Development Bank neUNEP FI vakagadzira gwara revarapi repasi rose remabhondi kuti vawane mari inoramba iripo. blue economy. Iyi nhungamiro yekuzvidira inopa vatori vechikamu pamusika maitiro akajeka, maitiro, uye mienzaniso ye "blue bond" yekukweretesa uye kuburitsa. Kuunganidza mazano kubva kumisika yemari, indasitiri yegungwa uye masangano epasi rose, inopa ruzivo pamusoro pezvinhu zvakakosha zvakabatanidzwa mukutanga "blue bond," maitiro ekuongorora kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwe "blue bond" mari; uye matanho anodiwa kufambisa kutengeserana kunochengetedza kutendeseka kwemusika.

Spalding, MJ (2021, Zvita 17). Kuyera Sustainable Ocean Economy Investing. Wilson Center. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/measuring-sustainable-ocean-economy-investing

Kuisa mari muhupfumi hwegungwa hwakasimba hakusi kwekutyaira kwepamusoro-kudzoreredzwa kwenjodzi, asiwo nezve kupa kuchengetedzwa uye kudzoreredza zvimwe zvisingabatike zviwanikwa zvebhuruu. Isu tinokurudzira zvikamu zvinomwe zvakakura zvekudyara kwehupfumi hweblue, ari pamatanho akasiyana uye anogona kugarisa veruzhinji kana yakavanzika mari, kubhadhara chikwereti, philanthropy, uye kumwe kunobva mari. Aya mapoka manomwe ndeaya: hupfumi hwemahombekombe uye kusimba munharaunda, kuvandudza kufambiswa kwegungwa, simba remugungwa rinodzokororwa, mugungwa-zvinobva chikafu chekudyara, nyanza biotechnology, kuchenesa gungwa, uye zvinotarisirwa chizvarwa chinotevera zviitiko zvemugungwa. Kupfuurirazve, vanachipangamazano vekudyara uye varidzi vemidziyo vanogona kutsigira kudyara muhupfumi hwebhuruu, kusanganisira nemakambani ari kuita uye kuvakwevera kune maitiro ari nani, zvigadzirwa, uye masevhisi.

Metroeconomica, The Ocean Foundation, uye WRI Mexico. (2021, Ndira 15). Economic Valuation yeReef Ecosystems muNzvimbo yeMAR uye Zvinhu neMasevhisi avanopa, Final Report. Inter-American Development Bank. PDF.

Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS kana MAR) ndiyo hombe reef ecosystem muAmerica uye yechipiri pakukura pasirese. Chidzidzo ichi chakafunga nezvekupa masevhisi, masevhisi etsika, uye masevhisi ekutonga anopihwa nereef ecosystem mudunhu reMAR, ndokuona kuti kushanya nekutandara kwakapa 4,092 miriyoni USD muMesoamerican Region, nekubata hove kuchipa imwezve 615 miriyoni USD. Mabhenefiti epagore ekudzivirira kwemahombekombe akaenzana ne322.83-440.71 miriyoni USD. Chirevo ichi ndiwo mhedziso yezvikamu zvina zvekushanda pamhepo mumusangano waNdira 2021 nevakapinda vanopfuura zana vanomiririra nyika ina dzeMAR: Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, neHonduras. Iyo Executive Summary inogona kuva akawanikwa pano, uye infographic inogona kuwanikwa pazasi:

Voyer, M., van Leeuwen, J. (2019, Nyamavhuvhu). "Social License yeKushanda" muBlue Economy. Resources Policy. (62) 102-113. Zvakatorwa kubva: https://www.sciencedirect.com/

Iyo Blue Economy semunyanza-yakavakirwa hupfumi modhi inoda kukurukurwa nezvebasa rerezinesi resocial kushanda. Chinyorwa chinopokana kuti rezinesi rezvemagariro, kuburikidza nemvumo nenharaunda dzenzvimbo uye vanobatana, inokanganisa pundutso yepurojekiti maererano neBlue Economy.

Blue Economy Summit. (2019) Kuenda kune Sustainable Blue Economies muCaribbean. Blue Economy Summit, Roatan, Honduras. PDF

Matanho ese muCaribbean atanga kuchinjika kuenda kune inosanganisirwa, muchinjika-chikamu uye inoenderera kugadzirwa kunosanganisira zvese zviri zviviri indasitiri kuronga nehutongi. Chirevo ichi chinosanganisira zvidzidzo zviviri zvekuyedza muGrenada neBahamas uye zviwanikwa zveruzivo rwakawanda nezvezvirongwa zvinotarisana nebudiriro inoenderera mudunhu reWider Caribbean.

Attri, VN (2018 Mbudzi 27). Mikana Itsva uye Ichiri Kusimukira Yekudyara Pasi Pasi Sustainable Blue Economy. Bhizinesi Forum, Sustainable Blue Economy Musangano. Nairobi, Kenya. PDF

Dunhu reIndian Ocean rinopa mikana yakakosha yekudyara kune yakagadzikana Blue Economy. Investment inogona kutsigirwa nekuratidza chinongedzo chakasimbiswa pakati pekuita kwekambani kusimba uye kuita kwemari. Mhedzisiro yakanakisa yekusimudzira kudyara kwakasimba muIndia Ocean ichauya nekubatanidzwa kwehurumende, masangano akazvimirira, uye masangano mazhinji.

Mwanza, K. (2018, Mbudzi 26). Nharaunda dzeKuredza dzemuAfrica dzatarisana ne "kutsakatika" Sezvo Upfumi hweBlue Huchikura: Nyanzvi. Thomas Reuters Foundation. Returned from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-africa-oceans-blueeconomy/african-fishing-communities-face-extinction-as-blue-economy-grows-experts-idUSKCN1NV2HI

Pane njodzi yekuti zvirongwa zveBlue Economy zvekuvandudza hupfumi hunogona kushora nharaunda dzinoredza apo nyika dzinokoshesa kushanya, kubata hove mumaindasitiri, uye mari yekuongorora. Ichi chinyorwa chipfupi chinoratidza matambudziko ekuwedzera kwekusimudzira pasina kutariswa kwekusimudzira.

Caribank. (2018, Chivabvu 31). Semina: Kupa mari yeBlue Economy- Mukana weCaribbean Development. Caribbean Development Bank. Zvakatorwa kubva: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2O1Nf4duVRU

Bhanga reCaribbean Development Bank rakaita semina paMusangano wavo wePagore wa2018 we "Kupa Mari yeBlue Economy- Mukana Webudiriro yeCaribbean." Seminari iyi inokurukura nzira dzemukati nekunze dzinoshandiswa kupa mari indasitiri, kuvandudza hurongwa hwehupfumi hweblue, nekuvandudza mikana yekudyara mukati meBlue Economy.

Sarker, S., Bhuyan, Md., Rahman, M., Md. Islam, Hossain, Md., Basak, S. Islam, M. (2018, Chivabvu 1). Kubva kuSainzi kuenda kuChiito: Kuongorora Zvingabvira zveBlue Economy yeKusimudzira Economic Sustainability muBangladesh. Ocean uye Coastal Management. (157) 180-192. Zvakatorwa kubva: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii

Bangladesh inoongororwa sechidzidzo chekugona kweBlue Economy, uko kune kwakakosha mukana, zvakadaro mamwe matambudziko mazhinji aripo, kunyanya mukutengeserana uye kutengeserana ane chekuita negungwa nemahombekombe. Chirevo chinoona kuti Blue Growth, inotsanangurwa nechinyorwa sekuwedzera kwehupfumi mugungwa, haifanire kupira kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kuitira purofiti yehupfumi sezvinoonekwa muBangladesh.

Chiziviso cheMitemo yeMari yeMari yeBlue Economy. (2018 Ndira 15). European Commission. Zvakatorwa kubva: https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/ declaration-sustainable-blue-economy-finance-principles_en.pdf

Vamiriri vebazi remabasa emari uye mapoka asiri purofiti anosanganisira European Commission, European Investment Bank, World Wide Fund for Nature, uye The Prince of Wales's International Sustainability Unit yakagadzira hwaro hweBlue Economy Investment Principles. Misimboti gumi nemana inosanganisira kuve pachena, kuziva njodzi, kukonzeresa, uye nesainzi-yakavakirwa pakugadzira iyo Blue Economy. Chinangwa chavo ndechekutsigira kusimudzira nekupa hwaro hwehupfumi hwakavakirwa pagungwa.

Blue Economy Caribbean. (2018). Zvinhu Zvekuita. BEC, Zviitiko zveMasimba Matsva. Zvakatorwa kubva: http://newenergyevents.com/bec/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2018/11/BEC_5-Action-Items.pdf

Iyo infographic inoratidza matanho anofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza hupfumi hwebhuruu muCaribbean. Izvi zvinosanganisira hutungamiriri, kurongeka, kumiririra veruzhinji, kutungamirwa nezvinodiwa, uye kukosha.

Blue Economy Caribbean (2018). Caribbean Blue Economy: Maonero eOECS. Mharidzo. BEC, Zviitiko zveMasimba Matsva. Returned from: http://newenergyevents.com/blue-economy-caribbean/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2018/11/BEC_Showcase_OECS.pdf

Sangano reMabvazuva eCaribbean States (OECS) rakaratidzwa paBlue Economy muCaribbean kusanganisira tarisiro yezvekukosha kwehupfumi nevatambi vakuru mudunhu iri. Chiono chavo chinotarisa kune hutano uye hwakapfuma hwakasiyana-siyana hwemugungwa hweEast Caribbean nharaunda inochengetedzwa zvakachengetedzeka uku vachiziva kusimudzira budiriro yemagariro nehupfumi kuvanhu vedunhu. 

Hurumende yeAnguilla. (2018) Kuita mari yeAnguilla's 200 Mile EFZ Yakapiwa kuCaribbean Blue Economy Conference, Miami. PDF

Iri kufukidza 85,000 sq. km, EFZ yeAnguilla ndeimwe yehukuru muCaribbean. Mharidzo iyi inopa tsananguro yekushandiswa kwerezinesi rerezinesi rehove dzekunze uye mienzaniso yemabhenefiti ekare kumarudzi ezvitsuwa. Matanho ekugadzira rezinesi anosanganisira kuunganidza uye kuongorora data rehove, kugadzira hurongwa hwepamutemo hwekupa marezinesi ekumahombekombe uye kupa humbowo nekutarisa.

Hansen, E., Holthus, P., Allen, C., Bae, J., Goh, J., Mihailescu, C., uye C. Pedregon. (2018). Ocean/Maritime Clusters: Hutungamiri uye Kudyidzana kweOcean Sustainable Development uye Kuita Zvinangwa Zvekusimudzira.. World Ocean Council. PDF

Ocean/Maritime Clusters inzvimbo yakatarisana nemaindasitiri emugungwa ane hukama anogovana misika yakajairwa uye anoshanda padhuze nemumwe kuburikidza akawanda network. Aya masumbu anogona kuita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira budiriro yegungwa nekubatanidza hunyanzvi, kukwikwidza-kubereka-purofiti uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Humphrey, K. (2018). Blue Economy Barbados, Ministry of Maritime Affairs uye Blue Economy. PDF

Barbados's Blue Economy Framework inoumbwa nembiru nhatu: zvekufambisa uye zvinhu, dzimba uye kugamuchira vaeni, uye hutano uye hutano. Chinangwa chavo ndechekuchengetedza nharaunda, kuve 100% simba rinodzokororwa, kurambidza mapurasitiki, uye kugadzirisa marine manejimendi.

Parsan, N. uye A. Chishanu. (2018). Master Planning yeBlue Growth muCaribbean: Nyaya Yekudzidza kubva kuGrenada. Mharidzo paBlue Economy Caribbean. PDF

Upfumi hweGrenada hwakaparadzwa neDutu guru reIvan muna 2004 uye rakazonzwa migumisiro yeMari yeCrisis inotungamira kune 40% yekushaya basa. Izvi zvakapa mukana wekuvandudza Blue Growth yekuvandudza hupfumi. Kuziva masumbu mapfumbamwe ezviitwa chirongwa ichi chakatsigirwa nemari neWorld Bank nechinangwa chekuti St. George ive yekutanga guta guru remamiriro ekunze. Ruzivo rwakawanda nezveGrenada's Blue Growth Master chirongwa chinogona kuwanikwa zvakare pano.

Ram, J. (2018) The Blue Economy: A Caribbean Development Opportunity. Caribbean Development Bank. PDF

Director weEconomics kuCaribbean Development Bank akaunzwa pa2018 Blue Economy Caribbean nezvemikana yevanoisa mari mudunhu reCaribbean. Mharidzo iyi inosanganisira mhando nyowani dzekudyara dzakadai seBlended Finance, Blue Bonds, Recoverable Grants, Chikwereti-che-Nature Swaps, uye zvakanangana nekuita mari yakazvimirira muBlue Economy.

Klinger, D., Eikeset, AM, Davíðsdóttir, B., Winter, AM, Watson, J. (2017, Gumiguru 21). Iyo Mechanics yeBlue Growth: Kutungamira kweOceanic Natural Resource Kushandisa neVakawanda, Vanodyidzana Vatambi. Marine Policy (87). 356-362.

Kukura kweBlue kunovimba nekutonga kwakabatanidzwa kweakawanda hupfumi zvikamu kuti ishandise nemazvo zviwanikwa zvegungwa. Nekuda kwekusimba kwenyanza ikoko kubatana pamwe chete neruvengo, pakati pekushanya nekugadzirwa kwesimba rekunze kwemahombekombe, uye pakati penzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana nenyika dziri kurwira zviwanikwa zvine magumo.

Spalding, MJ (2015 Gumiguru 30). Kutarisa kune Zvinyorwa Zvidiki. Blog pamusoro pemusangano wakanzi "The Oceans in National Income Accounts: Kutsvaga Kubvumirana pane Tsanangudzo uye Maitiro". Iyo Ocean Foundation. Yakasvika muna Chikunguru 22, 2019. https://oceanfdn.org/looking-at-the-small-details/

Iyo (itsva) hupfumi hwebhuruu haisi yehunyanzvi hutsva huri kubuda, asi zviitiko zvehupfumi zvinogara zvichipikisana. Nekudaro, makodhi emhando dzeindasitiri anoshaya musiyano wemaitiro akasimba, sekutsanangurwa kwe "The Oceans National Income Account" musangano muAsilomar, California. Mutungamiri weTOF, Mark Spalding's blog post mhedziso yemhando makodhi anopa akakosha data metrics anodiwa pakuongorora shanduko nekufamba kwenguva uye yekuzivisa mutemo.

Chirongwa cheNational Ocean Economics. (2015). Market Data. Middlebury Institute of International Studies kuMonterey: Center yeBlue Economy. Returned from: http://www.oceaneconomics.org/market/coastal/

Middlebury's Center yeBlue Economy inopa huwandu hwehuwandu uye hutsika hwehupfumi kumaindasitiri zvichienderana nekutengeserana kwemusika muOcean uye hupfumi hwemahombekombe. Yakakamurwa negore, nyika, dunhu, indasitiri zvikamu, pamwe nenzvimbo dzemahombekombe uye kukosha. Dhata yavo yehuwandu inobatsira zvakanyanya mukuratidza kukanganisa kwemaindasitiri emugungwa nemahombekombe pahupfumi hwenyika.

Spalding, MJ (2015). Ocean Sustainability uye Global Resource Management. Blog pane "Ocean Sustainability Science Symposium". Iyo Ocean Foundation. Yakasvika muna Chikunguru 22, 2019. https://oceanfdn.org/blog/ocean-sustainability-and-global-resource-management

Kubva kumapurasitiki kuenda kuOcean Acidification vanhu ndivo vane mhosva yemamiriro ezvinhu ekuparara uye vanhu vanofanirwa kuramba vachishanda kuvandudza mamiriro egungwa repasi. Mutungamiri weTOF, Mark Spalding's blog post inokurudzira zviito zvisingakuvadze, kugadzira mikana yekudzoreredza kwegungwa, uye kubvisa kumanikidza kubva munyanza sechinhu chakagovaniswa.

Iyo Economist Intelligence Unit. (2015). Iyo Blue Economy: Kukura, Mukana, uye Sustainable Ocean Economy. Iyo Economist: bepa rekupfupisa reWorld Ocean Summit 2015. Returned from: https://www.woi.economist.com/content/uploads/2018/ 04/m1_EIU_The-Blue-Economy_2015.pdf

Pakutanga yakagadzirirwa World Ocean Summit 2015, The Economist's Intelligence Unit inotarisa mukubuda kwehupfumi hwebhuruu, kuenzana kwehupfumi nekuchengetedza, uye pakupedzisira nzira dzekudyara. Iri bepa rinopa tarisiro yakafara yezviitiko zvehupfumi zvemugungwa uye rinopa nhaurirano nezveramangwana rechiitiko chehupfumi chinosanganisira maindasitiri akatarisana negungwa.

BenDor, T., Lester, W., Livengood, A., Davis, A. naL. Yonavjak. (2015). Kufungidzira Hukuru uye Impact yeEcological Restoration Economy. Public Library yeScience 10(6): e0128339. Zvakatorwa kubva: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0128339

Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti kudzoreredza kwezvakatipoteredza, sechikamu, kunogadzira ingangoita madhora mazana mapfumbamwe emadhora bhiriyoni mukutengesa gore rega uye 9.5 mabasa. Kudzoreredzwa kweEcological kunogona kunzi zvakanyanya sebasa rehupfumi rinobatsira mukudzosera ecosystem kune mamiriro ehutano hwakavandudzwa uye kuzadza mabasa. Ichi chidzidzo chenyaya chaive chekutanga kuratidza mabhenefiti akakosha ekudzoreredza ecological padanho renyika.

Kildow, J., Colgan, C., Scorse, J., Johnston, P., uye M. Nichols. (2014). State of the US Ocean uye Coastal Economies 2014. Center for the Blue Economy: Middlebury Institute of International Studies paMonterey: National Ocean Economics Program. Returned from: http://cbe.miis.edu/noep_publications/1

The Monterey Institute of International Studies 'Center for the Blue Economy inopa kutarisa kwakadzama muzviitiko zvehupfumi, huwandu hwevanhu, kukosha kwekutakura, kukosha kwezviwanikwa uye kugadzirwa, mashandisirwo ehurumende muUnited States ane chekuita nemakungwa nemaindasitiri emahombekombe. Chirevo ichi chinoburitsa akawanda matafura uye analytics inopa yakazara manhamba ongororo yehupfumi hwegungwa.

Conathan, M. uye K. Kroh. (2012 June). Nheyo dzeBlue Economy: CAP Inotangisa Chirongwa Chitsva Chinokurudzira Sustainable Ocean Industries. Center for American Progress. Returned from: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/report/2012/06/ 27/11794/thefoundations-of-a-blue-economy/

Iyo Center for American Progress yakagadzira pfupiso pane yavo Blue Economy purojekiti inotarisana nekubatana kwezvakatipoteredza, hupfumi, uye maindasitiri anovimba uye anogara pamwe negungwa, mahombekombe, uye Great Lakes. Chirevo chavo chinoratidza kudiwa kwechidzidzo chakakura chekukanganisa kwehupfumi uye hunhu husingawanzo kuoneka mukuongororwa kwedata. Izvi zvinosanganisira mabhenefiti ehupfumi anoda nharaunda yegungwa yakachena uye ine hutano, senge kukosha kwekutengesa kwenzvimbo yemvura kana chishandiso chevatengi chinowanikwa nekufamba pamahombekombe.

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4. Aquaculture uye Hove

Pazasi iwe unowana maonero akazara ezve aquaculture uye hove kuburikidza nelenzi ye yakazara Blue Economy, kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo ndapota ona The Ocean Foundation's zviwanikwa mapeji pa. Sustainable Aquaculture uye Zvishandiso uye Mazano eKushanda Kwekubata Hove azvaitwa.

Bailey, KM (2018). Zvidzidzo Zvekubata Hove: Artisanal Hove uye Ramangwana reManyanza edu. Chicago neLondon: Yunivhesiti yeChicago Press.

Vanobata hove diki vane basa guru mumabasa pasi rose, vanopa chikamu chimwe chete kubva muzvitatu chehove-chikafu chepasi rose asi vachibata chikamu che80-90% chevashandi vehove pasi rose, hafu yavo vari vakadzi. Asi matambudziko anoramba aripo. Sezvo maindasitiri achikura zvinova zvakaoma kuti vabati vehove vadiki vachengetedze kodzero dzekubata hove, kunyanya sezvo nzvimbo dzava kuredza zvakanyanya. Achishandisa nyaya dzevanhu kubva kune vabati vehove pasi rese, Bailey anotaura nezve indasitiri yekuredza yepasi rose uye hukama pakati pehove diki nenharaunda.

Food and Agriculture Organisation yeUnited Nations. (2018). Mamiriro eWorld Fisheries uye Aquaculture: Kusangana neStainable Development Goals. Roma. PDF

Gwaro reUnited Nations 2018 pamusoro pehove dzepasi rose rakapa ongororo yakadzama-inofambiswa nedata inodiwa kubata zviwanikwa zvemumvura muBlue Economy. Chirevo chinoratidza matambudziko makuru anosanganisira kuenderera mberi, nzira yakabatanidzwa yezvikamu zvakawanda, kugadzirisa biosecurity, uye kushuma kwenhamba kwakaringana. Mushumo wakazara uripo pano.

Allison, EH (2011).  Aquaculture, Fisheries, Urombo uye Kuchengetedzwa Kwekudya. Yakatumirwa kuOECD. Penang: WorldFish Center. PDF

Chirevo cheWorldFish Center chinoratidza kuti mitemo inoenderera mberi mukubata hove uye kurima kwemvura inogona kupa budiriro yakakura mukuchengetedzeka kwechikafu uye kudzikira kwehurombo munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Strategic policy inofanirwawo kuitwa pamwe chete nemaitiro akasimba kuti ashande kwenguva refu. Kubata hove kwakanaka uye tsika dzemumvura dzinobatsira nharaunda zhinji chero dzichingogadziriswa kunzvimbo nenzvimbo nenyika. Izvi zvinotsigira pfungwa yekuti maitiro anoenderera mberi ane kukanganisa kukuru pahupfumi hwakazara uye zvinopa gwara rekusimudzira hove muBlue Economy.

Mills, DJ, Westlund, L., de Graaf, G., Kura, Y., Willman, R. uye K. Kelleher. (2011). Kusashumwa uye kusakosheswa: Hove diki-diki munyika dzichiri kusimukira muR. Pomeroy naNL Andrew (eds.), Kutarisira Small Scale Fisheries: Frameworks uye Nzira. UK: CABI. Zvakatorwa kubva: https://www.cabi.org/bookshop/book/9781845936075/

Kuburikidza ne "snapshot" nyaya yezvidzidzo Mills inotarisa pamagariro ehupfumi nemagariro ehove munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Pamwe chete, vabati vehove vadiki havakosheserwe padanho renyika kunyanya maererano nezvinokonzeresa vabati vehove pakuwanikwa kwechikafu, kupedza urombo nekupa raramo, pamwe nenyaya dzekutonga kwehove dzemuno munyika zhinji dzichiri kusimukira. Hove ndeimwe yezvikamu zvakakura zvehupfumi hwegungwa uye iyi ongororo yakazara inoshanda kukurudzira budiriro yechokwadi uye inoenderera.

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5. Tourism, Cruises, uye Recreational Hove

Conathan, M. (2011). Hove neChishanu: Mamirioni gumi nemaviri Mitsetse mumvura. Center for American Progress. Zvakatorwa kubva: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2011/ 07/01/9922/fishon-fridays-twelve-million-lines-in-the-water/

The Center for American Progress inoongorora zvakawanikwa kuti kuredza kwekunakidzwa, kunosanganisira vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nemaviri vekuAmerica pagore, kunotyisidzira hove zhinji muhuwandu husina kuenzana kana zvichienzaniswa nekutengesa hove. Maitiro akanakisa ekudzikamisa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuredza hove kunosanganisira kutevedzera mitemo yemarezinesi uye kudzidzira kubata uye kusunungura zvakachengetedzeka. Ongororo yechinyorwa ichi yeakanakisa maitiro inobatsira kusimudzira inogoneka manejimendi yeBlue Economy.

Zappino, V. (2005 June). Kushanya kweCaribbean uye Kubudirira: Mhedziso [Chirevo Chekupedzisira]. Hurukuro Pepa 65. European Center for Development Policy Management. Returned from: http://ecdpm.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/11/DP-65-Caribbean-Tourism-Industry-Development-2005.pdf

Tourism muCaribbean ndeimwe yemaindasitiri akakosha mudunhu iri, inokwezva mamirioni evashanyi gore rega rega kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzekutandarira uye senzvimbo yekushanya. Muchidzidzo chezvehupfumi chine chekuita nebudiriro muBlue Economy, Zappino anotarisa kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwekushanya uye anoongorora hurongwa hwekushanyirwa kwakasimba mudunhu. Vanokurudzira kuenderera mberi kwekushandiswa kwemitemo yedunhu yemaitiro akasimba ayo anobatsira nharaunda inodiwa mubudiriro yeBlue Economy.

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6. Technology muBlue Economy

US Department of Energy.(2018 April). Kusimbisa iyo Blue Economy Report. Dhipatimendi reUS reMagetsi, Hofisi yeMagetsi Ekuita Nesimba uye Renewable Energy. https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/downloads/powering-blue-economy-report

Kuburikidza nekuongorora kwepamusoro-soro kwemikana yemusika inogona kuitika, Dhipatimendi reMagetsi reUS rinotarisa kugona kwehunyanzvi hutsva uye kusimukira kwehupfumi musimba remugungwa. Chirevo ichi chinotarisa musimba kune maindasitiri ekumahombekombe uye ari padyo nemahombekombe anosanganisira simba rekubvisa salination, kusimba kwemahombekombe uye kudzoreredza njodzi, offshore aquaculture, uye masisitimu emagetsi kunharaunda dziri dzoga. Ruzivo rwakawedzerwa pamisoro yesimba remugungwa zvinosanganisira algae yemugungwa, desalination, kusimba kwemahombekombe uye masisitimu emagetsi ega anogona kuwanikwa. pano.

Michel, K. uye P. Noble. (2008). Tekinoroji Kufambira mberi muMaritime Transportation. Zambuko 38:2, 33-40.

Michel naNoble vanokurukura kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi mune hukuru hutsva muindasitiri yekushambadzira yengarava. Vanyori vanosimbisa kudiwa kwemaitiro ane ushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza. Nzvimbo huru dzenhaurirano muchinyorwa dzinosanganisira maitiro azvino eindasitiri, dhizaini yengarava, kufamba, uye nekubudirira kuita kwehunyanzvi huri kubuda. Kutumira nekutengesa mutyairi mukuru wekukura kwegungwa uye kunzwisisa kutakurwa kwegungwa kwakakosha kuti uwane hupfumi hweBlue.

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7. Bhuruu Kukura

Soma, K., van den Burg, S., Hoefnagel, E., Stuiver, M., van der Heide, M. (2018 January). Social Innovation- Nzira Yemberi Yekukura kweBlue? Marine Policy. Vhoriyamu 87: p. 363- p. 370. Yakatorwa kubva: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/

Strategic yebhuruu kukura sezvakarongwa neEuropean Union inotsvaga kukwezva tekinoroji nyowani uye mazano ane yakaderera kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, ukuwo uchifunga nezvekudyidzana munharaunda kunodiwa kune inoenderera maitiro. Muchidzidzo chezvekurima mugungwa muDutch North Sea vatsvakurudzi vakacherechedza maitiro anogona kubatsirwa neutsva asi vachifungawo maitiro, kukurudzira kubatana, uye kuongororwa kwenguva refu mhedzisiro pane zvakatipoteredza. Nepo matambudziko mazhinji achiripo, anosanganisira kutenga-mukati kubva kuvagadziri venzvimbo, chinyorwa chinosimbisa kukosha kwenzvimbo yemagariro muhupfumi hwebhuruu.

Lillebø, AI, Pita, C., Garcia Rodrigues, J., Ramos, S., Villasante, S. (2017, July) Marine Ecosystem Services Inogona Sei Kutsigira Blue Growth Agenda? Marine Policy (81) 132-142. Zvakatorwa kubva: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0308597X16308107?via%3Dihub

European Union's Blue Growth Agenda inotarisa kupihwa kwemugungwa kwemabasa ezvemamiriro ekunze kunyanya munzvimbo dze aquaculture, blue biotechnology, simba rebhuruu uye kupihwa kwepanyama kwekucherwa kwezviwanikwa zvemugungwa uye kushanya zvese. Aya masekita ese anoenderana nehutano hwemugungwa nemahombekombe ecosystems izvo zvinogoneka chete kuburikidza nemirairo uye nekuchengetedza kwakaringana mabasa ezvakatipoteredza. Vanyori vanopokana kuti mikana yeBlue Growth inoda kufamba-famba pakati pezvehupfumi, zvemagariro, uye zvakatipoteredza, kunyangwe budiriro ichizobatsirikana kubva kune yakawedzera kutonga mitemo.

Virdin, J. naPatil, P. (eds.). (2016). Kuenda kuhupfumi hweBlue: Vimbiso yeKukura Kunoenderera muCaribbean. IWorld Bank. Returned from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/ 10986/25061/Demystifying0t0the0Caribbean0Region.pdf

Yakagadzirirwa vanogadzira mitemo mukati medunhu reCaribbean, chinyorwa ichi chinoshanda sekutarisa kwakazara kweiyo pfungwa yeBlue Economy. Nyika dzeCaribbean nematunhu akabatana zvakanyanya nezviwanikwa zveGungwa reCaribbean uye kunzwisisa uye kuyera kukanganiswa kwehupfumi kwakakosha pakukura kwakasimba kana kwakaenzana. Chirevo ichi chinoshanda sedanho rekutanga mukuongorora kugona kwechokwadi kwegungwa senzvimbo yehupfumi uye injini yekukura, uku ichikurudzirawo marongero ekugadzirisa zvirinani kushandiswa kwakasimba kwegungwa negungwa.

World Wildlife Fund. (2015, Kubvumbi 22). Kumutsiridza Ocean Economy. WWF International Production. Zvakatorwa kubva: https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/reviving-the-oceans-economy-the-case-for-action-2015

Gungwa ndiro rinobatsira zvikuru kuhupfumi hwepasi rose uye chiito chinofanirwa kutorwa kukwidza kuchengetedza kwakanaka kwenzvimbo dzegungwa nedzemugungwa munyika dzese. Chirevo ichi chinonongedza zviito zvisere zvinosanganisira, kukosha kwekugashira Zvinangwa zveUnited Nations Sustainable Development Goals, kucheka mhepo yekutarisa acidization yegungwa, kutonga zvine hungwaru inokwana gumi muzana yenzvimbo dzemugungwa munyika dzese, kunzwisisa kuchengetedza kwenzvimbo uye kubata hove, nzira dzakakodzera dzepasirese. nhaurirano nekudyidzana, kusimudzira kudyidzana kweveruzhinji nevega kunoona kugara kwenharaunda, kukudziridza pachena uye neruzhinji accounting yemabhenefiti egungwa, uye pakupedzisira kugadzira chikuva chepasirese chekutsigira nekugovana ruzivo rwegungwa zvichibva pane data. Pamwe chete zviito izvi zvinogona kumutsiridza hupfumi hwegungwa uye zvinotungamira mukudzoreredza kwegungwa.

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8. Hurumende yeNyika uye International Organizational Action

Africa Blue Economy Forum. (Chikumi 2019). Africa Blue Economy Forum Concept Note. Blue Jay Communication Ltd., London. PDF

Yechipiri African Blue Economy Form yakanangana nezvipingamupinyi nemikana muAfrica iri kukura hupfumi hwemakungwa, hukama pakati pemaindasitiri echinyakare neachiri kusimukira, uye kusimudzira kusimba kuburikidza nekusimudzira hupfumi hwakatenderedza. Chinhu chikuru chakataurwa yaive mwero wepamusoro wekusvibiswa kwegungwa. Mazhinji ekutanga ekutanga-ups atanga kugadzirisa nyaya yekusvibiswa kwegungwa, asi izvi zvinogara zvichishaya mari yekusimudza maindasitiri.

Iyo Commonwealth Blue Charter. (2019). Blue Economy. Returned from: https://thecommonwealth.org/blue-economy.

Pane hukama hwepedyo pakati pegungwa, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, uye kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu veCommonwealth zvichiita kuti zvive pachena kuti matanho anofanirwa kutorwa. Iyo Blue Economy modhi ine chinangwa chekuvandudza kugara kwevanhu uye kuenzana munharaunda, uku ichideredza zvakanyanya njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uye kushomeka kwezvakatipoteredza. Peji rino rewebhu rinoburitsa donzvo reBlue Charter rekubatsira nyika kugadzira nzira yakabatana yekuvaka hupfumi hweblue.

Sustainable Blue Economy Conference Technical Committee. (2018, Zvita). Sustainable Blue Economy Conference Final Report. Nairobi, Kenya Mbudzi 26-28, 2018. PDF

Musangano wepasi rose weSustainable Blue Economy Conference, wakaitirwa muNairobi, Kenya, wakanangana nebudiriro inosanganisa makungwa, nyanza, madziva, nenzizi maererano ne2030 United Nations Agenda. Vatori vechikamu vakasiyana kubva kuvakuru vematunhu nevamiriri vemasangano epasi rose kuenda kuchikamu chebhizinesi nevatungamiriri venharaunda, vakapihwa patsvagurudzo uye vakapinda maforamu. Mhedzisiro yemusangano uyu kwakave kusikwa kweNairobi Statement of Intent on Advancing a Sustainable Blue Economy.

The World Bank. (2018, Gumiguru 29). Changamire Blue Bond Kuburitswa: Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa. The World Bank Group. Zvakatorwa kubva:  https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/10/29/ sovereign-blue-bond-issuance-frequently-asked-questions

Blue Bond chikwereti chakapihwa nehurumende nemabhanga ebudiriro kuti vakwidze mari kubva kune vanoisa mari kuti vawane mari muzvirongwa zvemugungwa nezvemugungwa zvine zvakanaka zvakatipoteredza, zvehupfumi, uye mamiriro ekunze. Republic of Seychelles ndiyo yakatanga kuburitsa Blue Bond, vakamisa homwe yemadhora miriyoni matatu yeBlue Grants Fund nemadhora miriyoni gumi nemaviri eBlue Investment Fund yekusimudzira hove dzinogara dziripo.

Africa Blue Economy Forum. (2018). Africa Blue Economy Forum 2018 Final Report. Blue Jay Communication Ltd., London. PDF

Musangano weLondon wakaunza pamwe nyanzvi dzepasi rose nevakuru vakuru vehurumende kuti vafambise nzira dzakasiyana dzenyika dzemuAfrica dzeBlue Economy maererano neAfrican Union's Agenda 2063 neUnited Nations's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Misoro yenhaurirano yaisanganisira kubata hove kusiri pamutemo uye kusiri pamutemo, kuchengetedzwa kwemugungwa, kutonga kwemakungwa, simba, kutengeserana, kushanya, uye hunyanzvi. Iyo foramu yakapera nekushevedzera kwechiito chekuita maitiro anogoneka.

European Commission (2018). Iyo 2018 Yegore Economic Report paEU Blue Economy. European Union Maritime Affairs uye Fisheries. Returned from: https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/ 2018-annual-economic-report-on-blue-economy_en.pdf

Chirevo chegore chinopa tsananguro yakadzama yehukuru uye chiyero chehupfumi hwebhuruu maererano neEuropean Union. Chinangwa chemushumo ndechekuona uye kushandisa mukana wemakungwa eEurope, mahombekombe uye nyanza mukukura kwehupfumi. Chirevo ichi chinosanganisira nhaurirano dzekukonzeresa magariro nehupfumi, zvikamu zvichangoburwa nezviri kusimukira, zvidzidzo kubva kunhengo dzeEU nezvekuita kwehupfumi hweblue.

Vreÿ, Francois. (2017 Chivabvu 28). Nyika dzemuAfrica dzinogona sei kubatanidza Iyo yakakura Kugona kwemakungwa avo. Kukurukurirana. Returned from: http://theconversation.com/how-african-countries-can-harness-the-huge-potential-of-their-oceans-77889.

Hutongi uye nyaya dzekuchengetedza dzakakosha panhaurirano dzeBlue Economy nenyika dzemuAfrica kuti vawane mabhenefiti akasimba ehupfumi. Mhosva dzakaita sekubata hove zvisiri pamutemo, humbavha hwemugungwa, humbavha hune pfuti, kutakura vanhu munyika zvisiri pamutemo, uye kutama zvisiri pamutemo kunoita kuti zvisaite kuti nyika dzione kugona kwemakungwa, mahombekombe nenyanza. Mukupindura, zvirongwa zvakawanda zvakagadziridzwa zvinosanganisira kumwe kubatirana pamiganhu yenyika uye kuona kuti mitemo yenyika inotevedzwa uye inofambirana nechibvumirano cheUnited Nations pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwegungwa.

World Bank Group neDhipatimendi reUnited Economic and Social Affairs. (2017). Iko Kunogoneka kweBlue Economy: Kuwedzera Mabhenefiti Enguva Yakareba Yekushandiswa Kwakasimba Kwezviwanikwa zveMarine kune Zvitsuwa Zvidiki Zvine Nyika Dzinosimudzira uye Nyika Dzemahombekombe Dzisina Kusimukira. Bhanga repasi rose reKuvaka neBudiriro, The World Bank. Returned from:  https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/ 10986/26843/115545.pdf

Kune akati wandei nzira dzekuenda kuhupfumi hwebhuruu zvese zvinoenderana nezvinokosheswa munharaunda uye yenyika. Izvi zvinoongororwa kuburikidza neWorld Bank pamusoro pevafambisi vehupfumi hweBlue Economy mugwaro ravo pamusoro penyika dzisina kusimukira dziri mumahombekombe uye nyika diki dzichiri kusimukira.

United Nations. (2016). Africa's Blue Economy: A Policy Handbook. Economic Commission yeAfrica. Zvakatorwa kubva: https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/blue-eco-policy-handbook_eng_1nov.pdf

Nyika dzemuAfrica dzinosvika makumi matatu nesere pamakumi mashanu neina inyika dziri mumahombekombe egungwa kana kuti zvitsuwa uye chikamu chinodarika makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana chezvinotengwa kunze kwenyika nekutengeswa muAfrica zviri kuitwa nemugungwa zvichikonzera kuti kondinendi iyi ivimbe nemakungwa. Bhuku rino regwaro remitemo rinotora nzira yevamiriri kuti ive nechokwadi chekutonga kwakasimba uye kuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa zvemumvura nemugungwa izvo zvinotarisisa njodzi dzakaita sekushomeka kwemamiriro ekunze, kusachengeteka kwemugungwa, uye kusakwana kwekuwana zviwanikwa zvinogoverwa. Bepa rino rinopa zvidzidzo zvakati wandei zvinoratidza zviito zvazvino zvakatorwa nenyika dzemuAfrica kusimudzira budiriro yehupfumi hwenyika. Bhuku rino rekushandisa rinosanganisirawo gwara danho nedanho rekugadzira mutemo weBlue Economy, unosanganisira kuronga hurongwa, kurongeka, kuvaka muridzi wenyika, kukoshesa chikamu, kugadzirwa kwemitemo, kuisirwa kwemitemo, uye kuongorora nekuongorora.

Neumann, C. naT. Bryan. (2015). Marine Ecosystem Services Inotsigira Sei Zvinangwa Zvekusimudzira? MuOcean and Us - Hutano hwezvipenyu hwemugungwa hunotsigira sei kuzadzikiswa kweUN Sustainable Development Goals. Yakarongedzwa naChristian Neumann, Linwood Pendleton, Anne Kaup naJane Glavan. United Nations. Mapeji 14-27. PDF

Marine ecosystem masevhisi anotsigira akawanda United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) kubva kune zvivakwa uye pekugara kusvika pakupedza urombo uye kuderedzwa kusaenzana. Kuburikidza neongororo inoperekedzwa nemifananidzo yemifananidzo vanyori vanopokana kuti gungwa rinokosha mukupa vanhu uye rinofanirwa kuve chinhu chakakosha kana uchishandira kuUnited Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Zvisungo zvenyika zhinji kune maSDGs zvave kufambisa kuBlue Economy uye budiriro yakadzikama pasirese.

Cicin-Sain, B. (2015 April). Chinangwa 14-Chengetedza neKushandisa Nyanza, Makungwa uye Zviwanikwa zveMarine muKubudirira Kunoenderera mberi. UN Chronicle, Vol. LI (Nhamba.4). Zvakatorwa kubva: http://unchronicle.un.org/article/goal-14-conserve-and-sustainably-useoceans-seas-and-marine-resources-sustainable/

Chinangwa 14 cheUnited Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) chinosimbisa kukosha kwekuchengetedzwa kwegungwa uye kushandiswa kwakasimba kwezviwanikwa zvemugungwa. Rutsigiro rwakasimba kwazvo rwekutonga kwemakungwa runobva kuchitsuwa chidiki chiri kusimukira uye nyika dzisina kusimukira dzinokanganiswa zvakanyanya nekuregeredza kwegungwa. Zvirongwa zvinogadzirisa Chinangwa 14 zvinoshandawo kusangana nezvimwe zvinomwe zvinangwa zveUN SDG zvinosanganisira hurombo, kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu, simba, kukura kwehupfumi, zvivakwa, kudzikiswa kwekusaenzana, maguta nekugara kwevanhu, kushandiswa nekugadzirwa kwakasimba, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvipenyu, uye nzira dzekushandisa. uye kudyidzana.

Iyo Ocean Foundation. (2014). Pfupiso kubva kuhurukuro yakatenderedzwa paBlue Growth (blog riri patafura yedenderedzwa paImba yeSweden). Iyo Ocean Foundation. Yakawanikwa munaJust 22, 2016. https://oceanfdn.org/summary-from-the-roundtable-discussion-on-blue-growth/

Kuenzanisa hutano hwevanhu uye bhizinesi kugadzira kudzoreredza kukura pamwe nekongiri data kwakakosha kuti uenderere mberi neBlue Growth. Iri bepa ndiyo pfupiso yemisangano yakawanda uye makonferensi pamusoro pemamiriro egungwa repasi rinoitwa nehurumende yeSweden yakabatana neThe Ocean Foundation.

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