Catch Shares: Kwete iyo Silver Bullet yavaitarisira

Mukutsvaga zvinangwa zvedu zvekuwedzera hutano hwemugungwa tichichengetedza nharaunda dzinoraura hove, The Ocean Foundation yakashanda kwenguva yakareba uye nesimba nevamwe vedu vezvekuchengetedzwa kwemakungwa philanthropists kuti vawane mari yezvishandiso zvekuchengetedza makungwa nehove, kutanga neMutemo muna 1996. Uye kumwe kufambira mberi kwakaita zvirokwazvo yakagadzirwa.

Tinoramba tichiitira hanya, zvisinei, pamusoro pekombamiro chaiyoiyo yavanhu, apo vanonangana nezvinetso zvoukuru uye kuoma kunzwisisa, kutsvaka “bara resirivha” rinoedza. mumwe mhinduro inozozadzisa hupfumi, zvakatipoteredza, uye magariro ekusimudzira mabasa ekuredza pasi rose. Sezvineiwo izvi “mashiripiti” mhinduro, nepo achifarirwa nevanopa mari, vezvemitemo uye dzimwe nguva vezvenhau, havamboshanda zvinobudirira sezvatinoda, uye vanogara vaine mhedzisiro isingatarisirwe.

Somuenzaniso, tora nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa dzomugungwa—zviri nyore kuona kubatsira kwokuisa parutivi nzvimbo dzakapfuma zvikuru, kudzivirira mikoto inotama, kana kuti nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzinovharirwa mumwaka dzinozivikanwa—kuitira kutsigira zvikamu zvinokosha zvoupenyu hwezvisikwa zvomugungwa. Panguva imwe cheteyo, nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzakadaro hadzigoni “kuponesa nyanza” dziri dzoga. Vanofanirwa kuperekedzwa nemazano ekutungamira kuchenesa mvura inoyerera ichipinda mavari, kuderedza zvinosvibisa zvinobva mumhepo, pasi, uye mvura, kufunga nezvemamwe marudzi anogona kukanganisa kana isu tichipindirana nezvinowanikwa zvavo zvekudya kana zvikara zvavo. , uye kudzikamisa zviitiko zvevanhu zvinobata nzvimbo dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa, pedyo nemahombekombe uye nemunyanza.

Iyo yakanyanya kuratidzwa kushoma, asi inowedzera mukurumbira "silver bullet" zano ndeiya yemunhu anogona kutamiswa quotas (inozivikanwawo seITQs, IFQs, LAPPS, kana migove yekubata). Muto wealphabet uyu unogovera zviwanikwa zveveruzhinji, kureva kubata hove, kune vanhu vakazvimiririra (nemakambani), zvisinei nekubvunzana kubva kune vesainzi nezve "kubata" kwakakurudzirwa kunobvumidzwa. Pfungwa iri pano ndeyekuti kana vabati vehove "vane" zviwanikwa, vanozove nekurudziro yekudzivirira kubata hove, kumisa hukasha hwavo kune vavakwikwidzi vavo, uye kubatsira kubata zviwanikwa zvakachengetedzwa kuti zvirambe zviripo.

Pamwe chete nevamwe vanopa mari, takatsigira maITQ aive akadzikama zvakanaka (zvakatipoteredza, zvemagariro nehupfumi), tichizviona seyedzero yakakosha yemitemo, asi kwete bullet yesirivha. Uye takakurudzirwa kuona kuti mune dzimwe hove dzine njodzi, maITQ aireva kusanyanya kuita njodzi nevabati vehove. Hatigone kuita asi kufunga, zvisinei, kuti semhepo, shiri, mukume, mhodzi (oops, takazvitaura here?), nezvimwewo, kuyedza kugadza muridzi pamusoro pezvishandiso zvinofambiswa, padanho rekutanga, hazvina musoro. , uye dambudziko guru iroro rakakonzera kuti zvizhinji zvezvirongwa zvevaridzi vezvivako zvifambe nenzira dzinosiririsa kuvaredzi nehove.

Kubva 2011, Suzanne Rust, mutori wenhau anoferefeta we California Watch uye Center for Investigative Reporting, yanga ichiongorora nzira idzo philanthropic tsigiro yeITQ/catch shares mazano angave akakuvadza nharaunda dzinotsamira pakuredza uye akatadza kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza. Musi waKurume 12, 2013, mushumo wake, Sisitimu inoshandura kodzero dzekuredza dzeUS kuita zvekutengesa, inodzvanya vabati vehove vadiki akasunungurwa. Chirevo ichi chinobvuma kuti, kunyange zvazvo kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa zvehove kuchigona kuva chishandiso chakanaka, simba rayo rekuita shanduko yakanaka rine mushoma, kunyanya nenzira yakamanikana yawakashandiswa.

Chinonyanya kunetsa ndechekuti "kubata migove," kunyangwe kufembera kwakanaka kubva kunyanzvi dzehupfumi, vakundikana mumabasa avo avanoti 1) mhinduro yekuchengetedza, sezvo huwandu hwehove huri kuramba huchidzikira munzvimbo dzine ITQs / kubata migove, uye 2) a chishandiso chekubatsira kuchengetedza tsika dzechinyakare dzemugungwa nevaredzi vadiki. Panzvimbo pezvo, muuyo usingadikanwi munzvimbo dzakawanda wave uri kuwedzera kwebhizimisi rokuredza hove mumaoko emakambani mashoma ane simba rezvamatongerwe enyika nemhuri. Matambudziko eruzhinji muNew England cod fisheries ingori muenzaniso wezvipimo izvi.

ITQs/Catch Shares, sechombo chega, inoshaya nzira dzekugadzirisa nyaya dzakaita sekuchengetedza, kuchengetedza nharaunda, kudzivirira kwega, uye kutsamira kwemarudzi akawanda. Nehurombo, isu taramba takabatikana neaya mashoma ekugovera zviwanikwa zvigadziriso munguva pfupi yapfuura kuMagnuson-Stevens Act.

Muchidimbu, hapana nzira yakakosha yekuratidza kuti ITQs inokonzera kuchengetedza. Iko hakuna humbowo hwekuti migove yekubata inogadzira mabhenefiti ehupfumi kune chero munhu kunze kweiyo quasi-monopolies inobuda kana kubatanidzwa kwaitika. Hapana humbowo hwekuti kune zviwanikwa kana zvipenyu zvinobatsira kunze kwekunge kuredza kwadzikiswa uye huwandu hwakawandisa hwaregwa. Nekudaro, kune humbowo hwakawanda hwekuvhiringidzika kwevanhu uye / kana kurasikirwa kwenharaunda.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuderera kwegoho mugungwa repasi, zvinoita sezvisinganzwisisike kushandisa nguva yakawanda nesimba tichiongorora minutiae yechimwe chinhu chemutemo wekubata hove. Zvakadaro, kunyangwe tichitsvaga kudzamisa kukosha kwemamwe maturusi ekubata hove, tese tinobvuma kuti maITQ anofanirwa kuve chishandiso chakanyanya kukosha chaanogona kuva. Kusimbisa kushanda kwayo, isu tese tinoda kunzwisisa:

• Ndedzipi nzvimbo dzehove dzine hove dzakawandisa kana kudzikira nekukurumidza zvekuti mhando dzerudzi rwekurudziro dzehupfumi dzanonoka kukurudzira hutariri, uye isu tingangoda kuti kwete?
• Tinodzivisa sei kupesvedzera kwehupfumi kunokonzera kubatanidzwa kweindasitiri, uye nekudaro, masimba ezvematongerwo enyika uye anopesana nesainzi, sezvakaitika mu de facto 98% quota inobatwa nemakambani maviri menhaden (aka bunker, shiner, porgy) indasitiri?
• Nzira yekutsanangura sei mitemo nenzira yakarurama yemitengo yakakodzera ITQs pamwe nekudzivirira zvisingatarisirwi zvemagariro evanhu, zvehupfumi uye zvakatipoteredza? [Uye nyaya idzi ndosaka masheya ekubata achipokana muNew England izvozvi.]
• Tinova nechokwadi sei kuti makambani makuru, ane mari iri nani, uye ane simba mune zvematongerwo enyika kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo haavharise ngarava dzevaridzi-vafambisi vezvikepe kubva munharaunda yavo?
• Maitiro ekugadzirisa chero zvikurudziro zvehupfumi kudzivirira mamiriro anogona kukonzeresa "kukanganisa kubatsirwa kwehupfumi," pese pese pekugara nekuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi kana kuderedzwa kweiyo inotenderwa kubata (TAC) kunova chinhu chinodiwa nesainzi?
• Ndeapi mamwe maturusi ekutarisa nemaitiro atinofanira kushandisa takabatana neITQ kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwakanyanya hwatinahwo mumagwa ekuredzesa haungochinji kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuredza uye nzvimbo?

Chirevo chitsva kubva kuCentre for Investigative Reporting, semimwe mishumo yakawanda yakaongororwa, inofanirwa kuita kuti masangano ekuchengetedza mugungwa uye nharaunda dzinoredza dzicherechedze. Icho chimwe chiyeuchidzo chekuti mhinduro yakapusa haigone kuve yakanyanya kunaka. Nzira yekuzadzikisa zvinangwa zvedu zvekutonga hove inoda nhanho-ne-nhanho, ine mufungo, ine mativi mazhinji.

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