Costa Rica BBNJ Workshop

Ndakapedza 8th na9th yaKurume muPuntarenas, Costa Rica kumusangano weCentral America wekuvandudza kugona kune makurukota ekunze arikupindura chikumbiro cheUN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 69/292 yenhaurirano yegwaro idzva remutemo rekugadzirisa. kuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwakasimba kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kupfuura masimba enyika (BBNJ) pasi peChibvumirano cheUN cheMutemo weGungwa uye kubatsira nharaunda yepasi rose kuita zvinangwa zveUN Sustainable Development Goals (kunyanya SDG14 pagungwa). 

Zvakadii nazvo zvemumuromo? Dudziro: takanga tichibatsira vanhu vehurumende kuti vagadzirire kutaurirana kuti vangadzivirira sei zvidyarwa nemhuka dzinowira kunze kwekutonga kwepamutemo kwechero nyika yakadzika uye pamusoro peiyo chirevo chemakungwa marefu! Pane mapirates...

Pamusangano wacho paiva nevamiririri vePanama, Honduras, Guatemala, uye zvechokwadi, mugamuchiri wedu, Costa Rica. Pamusoro peidzi nyika dzeCentral America, vamiriri vaivepo kubva kuMexico nevamwe vanhu vashoma vanobva kuCaribbean.

71% yepasi redu igungwa, uye 64% yacho imakungwa makuru. Mabasa evanhu anoitika munzvimbo dzine mativi maviri (pamusoro pegungwa uye pasi pegungwa), pamwe nenzvimbo nhatu-dimensional (mbiru yemvura uye pasi pevhu repasi pegungwa) remakungwa makuru. UNGA yakakumbira gwaro idzva remutemo nekuti isu hatina chiremera chimwechete chine basa renzvimbo dzeBBNJ, hapana chiridzwa chekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika, uye hapana nzira yakanyatsotsanangurwa yekuziva nzira yekugovera nzvimbo dzeBBNJ senhaka yakajairika kumunhu wese nyika (kwete chete avo vanokwanisa kuenda nekuitora). Kufanana nedzimwe gungwa rose, makungwa makuru ari kutyisidzirwa netyisidziro dzinozivikanwa uye dzinowedzera uye dzvinyiriro dzevanhu. Zviitwa zvevanhu zvakasarudzwa pamahombekombe egungwa (zvakadai sekuredza kana kuchera migodhi kana kutumira) zvinotungamirwa nemasangano chaiwo. Ivo havana hutongi hwemutemo hunoenderana kana chiremera, uye zvechokwadi havana nzira yekudyidzana nemubatanidzwa.

Vatauri vedu vepamusoro, nyaya dzenyaya, uye nhaurirano dzakatenderedzwa dzakasimbisa matambudziko uye mhinduro dzakakurukurwa. Takaita nguva tichitaura nezve marine genetic zviwanikwa zvinobatsira kugovana, kuvaka hunyanzvi, kuchinjisa tekinoroji yegungwa, maturusi ekuchengetedza nzvimbo (kusanganisira nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemugungwa dziri kunze kwenyika), kuongorora kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye nyaya dzekucheka (kusanganisira kuteedzerwa kwechokwadi, kutevedzera uye kukakavara. resolution). Chinonyanya kukosha, mubvunzo ndewokuti ungagovera sei bounty yemakungwa makuru (anozivikanwa uye asingazivikanwe) nenzira dzinogadzirisa nhaka yepasi rose. Pfungwa huru yaive yekudiwa kwekutonga kushandiswa uye zviitiko nenzira yaive yakanaka nhasi uye yakaenzana kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.

Ndakakokwa ikoko kuti nditaure nezveGungwa reSargasso uye kuti riri “kutungamirirwa” sei senzvimbo iri kunze kwesimba renyika. Gungwa reSargasso riri muAtlantic, rinonyanya kutsanangurwa nemafungu mana akakosha emugungwa anoumba gyre mukati umo mahombe e sargassum anokura. Gungwa rinogara kune mhatsa yekufamba uye mamwe marudzi echikamu kana kwese kwehupenyu hwadzo. Ini ndinogara paSargasso Sea Commission, uye tinodada nenzira dzatave kufambira mberi. 

Isu takatoita basa redu rechikoro uye takagadzira nyaya yedu yesainzi maererano nekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zveGungwa reSargasso. Takaongorora mamiriro ayo, takaronga zviitiko zvevanhu, tataura zvinangwa zvedu zvekuchengetedza, uye takatsanangura chirongwa chebasa chekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvedu mundima yedu. Isu tave kutoshanda kuti tiwane kucherechedzwa kwenzvimbo yedu yakakosha nemasangano akakodzera uye ane hunyanzvi anobata nehove, mhuka dzinotama, kutakura, migodhi yepasi pegungwa, tambo dzepasi pegungwa, uye zvimwe zviitiko (kupfuura makumi maviri akadaro epasirese nemasangano emasangano). Uye ikozvino, tiri kutsvagisa nekunyora Chirongwa chedu Cheutariri cheGungwa reSargasso, yekutanga "chirongwa chekutonga" chenzvimbo yegungwa repamusoro. Saizvozvo, ichavhara ese masekete uye zviitiko muSargasso Sea. Pamusoro pezvo, ichapa humbowo hwakazara hwekuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwakasimba kweiyo iconic ecosystem iyo iri kunze kwemasimba enyika. Sezvinobvumwa, Komisheni haina masimba ekutonga zviri pamutemo, saka tichange tichipa gwara kune Secretariat yedu, uye nezano kune vakasaina veHamilton Declaration iyo yakagadzira iyo yepamutemo Sargasso Sea Area of ​​Collaboration uye komisheni yedu. Ichave iyo Secretariat uye vanosaina vanozofanirwa kunyengerera masangano epasi rese nemasangano kuti atevedze kurudziro idzi.

Zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa kubva muzvidzidzo zvedu (nezvimwe), pamwe nekusimbisa chikonzero chekutaurirana kwechiridzwa chitsva, zvakajeka. Izvi hazvisi kuzova nyore. Iyo yazvino sisitimu yezvishoma zvigadziriso zvimiro zvinobatsira avo vane yakakura tekinoroji uye mari zviwanikwa nekutadza. Kune zvakare kutaurirana, kutonga, uye mamwe matambudziko akaiswa muhurongwa hwedu hwazvino. 

Kutanga, kune vashoma 'Vane masimba Vane masimba' uye kurongeka kushoma, kana kutaurirana pakati pavo. Nyika imwe chete nyika inomiririrwa mune mazhinji eaya masangano epasirese uye emapato. Zvakadaro, sangano rega rega rine zvaro zvakakosha chibvumirano zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira matanho, maitiro uye maitiro ekuita sarudzo. 

Mukuwedzera, dzimwe nguva vamiririri vanobva kunyika ipi neipi vakasiyana pane imwe neimwe sangano, zvichiita kuti zvisapindirana zvinzvimbo uye zvirevo. Semuenzaniso, mumiriri wenyika kuIMO uye mumiriri wenyika iyoyo kuICCAT (iyo tuna uye inotama mhuka manejimendi boka) vachave vanhu vaviri vakasiyana kubva kumasangano maviri akasiyana ane mirairo yakasiyana. Uye, dzimwe nyika nyika dzinopokana zvachose kune ecosystem uye nzira dzekudzivirira. Mamwe masangano ane mutoro wehumbowo hwehumbowo - kunyangwe kukumbira masayendisiti, maNGO, uye nyika dzinodzivirira kuti varatidze kuti pane zvakaipa zvinokanganisa kubata hove kana ngarava - pane kubvuma kuti kukanganisa kwacho kunofanirwa kudzikiswa kuti zvinakire vese.

Panyaya yedu yekuongorora, kana muchimbo chitsva ichi, tiri kurongedza kunetsana pamusoro pekodzero dzekushandiswa kwakasimba kwezvakasiyana-siyana. Kune rimwe divi tine zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kuenzana kwezvipenyu, zvakagovaniswa mabhenefiti uye mabasa, uye kugadzirisa denda rekutyisidzira kwekurapa. Kune rimwe divi, isu tiri kutarisa kuchengetedza zvinhu zvehungwaru zvinotungamira mukuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa uye purofiti, ingave yakabva kune hutongi kana kodzero yezvivakwa zvega. Uye, wedzera musanganiswa kuti zvimwe zvezviitwa zvedu zvevanhu mumakungwa marefu (kunyanya kuredza) zvinotoumba kusachengeteka kwekusagadzikana kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana muchimiro chazvo, uye zvinoda kudzoserwa kumashure.

Nehurombo, nyika dzinopokana nechishandiso chitsva chekugadzirisa zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kunze kwemasimba enyika kazhinji vane zviwanikwa zvekutora zvavanoda, pavanenge vachizvida: vachishandisa vemazuva ano vega (vapambi) vachitsigirwa nenyika dzekumba kwavo sezvavakanga vari muna 17th, 18th uye. 19th century. Saizvozvowo, nyika idzi dzinosvika panhaurirano nenhumwa hombe, dzakanyatsogadzirirwa, dzakashongedzwa nezvinangwa zvakajeka zvinotsigira zvido zvavo. Nyika yose inofanira kusimuka uye kuverengwa. Uye, zvichida nhamburiko yedu ine mwero yokubatsira dzimwe, nyika duku dzichiri kusimukira kuva dzakagadzirira ichagovera mibairo.