Kupenya muRima

NaMark J. Spalding, Mutungamiriri, The Ocean Foundation
Iyi blog yakatanga kubuda paNational Geographic's Ocean Views Site

"Radioactive Plume mugungwa" ndiyo mhando yemusoro wenyaya inovimbisa kuti vanhu vanoteerera kune nhau dzinotevera. Tichifunga kuti ruzivo rwakazotevera rwekuti mvura yemvura yeradioactive zvinhu kubva mutsaona yenyukireya ya2011 muFukushima yaizotanga kusvika kumahombekombe ekumadokero eUnited States muna 2014, zvinoita senge zvakajairika kuvhunduka pamusoro pezviri kuitika nePacific Ocean, inogona kuita radioactive. kukuvadza, uye makungwa ane utano. Uye zvechokwadi, kukanganisa majee asingadzivisiki pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwekusevha kwehusiku kana kubata hove kupenya murima rakabatwa. Nekudaro, zvakakoshawo kuve nechokwadi chekuti isu takatarisana nekunetsekana kwakanangana ne data rakanaka, pane izvo zvinonzwisisika, asi zvakanyanya manzwiro emhinduro yakafanana nekutya kuti kuburitswa kwechero huwandu hweiyo radioactive zvinhu zvinogona kugadzira.

Kutanga kwaGunyana kwaive kwekucherekedza nguva yekutanga vabati vehove vekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweJapan vagadzirira kudzokera kugungwa kubva pakaitika kudengenyeka kwenyika kwa2011 uye matambudziko akazotevera negwenya remagetsi enyukireya muFukushima. Radioactivity mazinga mumvura dziri padyo nemahombekombe akange aratidza kuti akakwira zvakanyanya kwenguva yakareba kuti abvumidze kubata hove - pakupedzisira kuderera kusvika mukati mekuchengetedza kwakagamuchirwa muna 2013.

Maonero emuchadenga eTEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant nematangi ayo ekuchengetedza mvura ane tsvina. Mufananidzo Chikwereti: Reuters

Nehurombo, izvo zvirongwa zvekudzoreredza chikamu chenhoroondo yenzvimbo yakaparadzwa negungwa zvakanonoka nekuratidzwa kwazvino kwekudonha kwemvura ine radioactive kubva pachirimwa chakakanganisika. Mamirioni emarita emvura akashandiswa kuchengetedza mareactor matatu akakuvadzwa enyukireya achitonhorera kubva pakaitika kudengenyeka kwenyika. Mvura ine radioactive yakachengetwa panzvimbo mumatangi ayo akanga asina, sezviri pachena, akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza kwenguva refu. Nepo anopfuura mamirioni makumi masere emvura emvura akachengetwa panzvimbo panguva ino, zvichiri kunetsa kufunga nezve mashoma e80 magaloni emvura yakasvibiswa, pazuva, ichidonhedza pasi uye mugungwa, isina kusefa, kubva kune imwe yemvura yakasvibiswa. matangi emvura akawanda akakuvadzwa. Sezvo vakuru vakuru vari kushanda kugadzirisa dambudziko idzva iri uye zvirongwa zvinodhura zvemidziyo, pane kuenderera mberi kwekuburitswa kwekutanga zvichitevera zviitiko muchirimo cha80,000.

Pakaitika tsaona yenyukireya kuFukushima, mamwe ma radioactive particles akangotakurwa achiyambuka Pacific asi mhepo mukati memazuva mashoma — nerombo rakanaka kwete pamatanho aionekwa seane ngozi. Kana iri mvura yaifungidzirwa, zvinhu zvinobudisa mwaranzi zvine mwaranzi zvakapinda mumvura dzomumhenderekedzo yegungwa yeJapan munzira nhatu—zvikamu zvinobudisa mwaranzi zvakadonha zvichibva mumhepo yakapoteredza pasi zvichipinda mugungwa, mvura ine utachiona yakanga yaunganidza zvidimbu zvemwaranzi inobudisa mwaranzi muvhu, uye kubuda kwakananga kwemvura ine utachiona kubva muchirimwa chacho. Muna 2014, iyo radioactive material inofanirwa kuratidzwa mumvura yeUS-yakagara yakaderedzwa kusvika kumatanho ari pasi peayo anoonekwa neWorld Health Organisation. Chinhu chinotevedzwa chinozivikanwa seCesium-137, isotope yakagadzikana, ino zivikanwa iyo inogona kuyerwa mumakumi emakore pamwe negore rinouya, iine chokwadi chakakwana nezvekwayakabva, zvisinei kuti yakasvibiswa sei mvura yakasvibiswa yakanyudzwa mugungwa. Iwo masimba ane simba ePacific achange abatsira kuparadzira zvinhu kuburikidza nemapateni eakawanda mafungu.

Iwo mamodheru matsva anoita senge anoratidza kuti zvimwe zvezvinhu zvicharamba zvakanangana muNorth Pacific Gyre, iyo nzvimbo iyo mafungu anoumba yakaderera yekufamba zone mugungwa inokwezva marudzi ese emarara evanhu. Vazhinji vedu vanotevera nyaya dzemunyanza tinozviziva senzvimbo yeGreat Pacific Garbage Patch, zita rakapihwa kunzvimbo iyo kuyerera kwegungwa kwakaisa nekuunganidza marara, makemikari, uye imwe tsvina yevanhu kubva kunzvimbo dziri kure — yakawanda yacho. muzvidimbu zvidiki kuti zvionekwe nyore. Zvekare, nepo vaongorori vachizokwanisa kuona isotopes dzakabva kuFukushima-hazvitarisirwe kuti iyo radioactive zvinhu zvichave zvine njodzi zvakanyanya muGyre. Saizvozvo, mumamodheru anoratidza izvo zvinhu zvinozoyerera kusvika kuIndia Ocean-ichave inoteedzera, asi isingaonekwe.

Pakupedzisira, kunetseka kwedu kunopindirana nechishamiso chedu. Chinetso chedu chiri pakuenderera mberi nekudzingwa kwevaredzi vehove vekuJapan kubva kumararamiro avo, uye kurasikirwa kwemvura yegungwa sechitubu chekutandara nekurudziro. Isu tine hanya nemhedzisiro yehuwandu hwakanyanya hweradioactivity nekufamba kwenguva mumvura yemugungwa pane zvese zvehupenyu mukati. Uye isu tinovimba kuti vakuru vakuru vachangwarira kuvimbisa kusefa kwemvura itsva ine tsvina isati yakandwa mugungwa, nekuti tangi-based storage system iri kutadza kuchengetedza gungwa. Tinoramba tine tarisiro yekuti uyu ndiwo mukana wekunyatsonzwisisa zvinokonzerwa netsaona idzi, uye kudzidza nzira dzingadzivirirwe nayo njodzi yakadai mune ramangwana.

Chishamiso chedu chinoramba chiri ichi: gungwa repasi rose rinotibatanidza tese, uye zvatinoita muchikamu chipi chegungwa zvinokanganisa zvikamu zvegungwa zviri kure nekure. Mafungu ane simba anotipa mamiriro ekunze, anotsigira kutakura kwedu, uye anowedzera goho regungwa, anobatsirawo kuderedza zvikanganiso zvedu zvakanyanya. Kuchinja tembiricha yemugungwa kunogona kushandura mafungu iwayo. Dilution hazvirevi kukuvadza. Uye rinoramba riri dambudziko redu kuita zvatinokwanisa - kudzivirira pamwe nekudzoreredza - kuitira kuti nhaka yedu isangova iyo inoteedzera cesium-137 mumakumi maviri emakore, asiwo gungwa rine hutano zvekuti cesium-137 ingori isinganzwisisike kune avo. vaongorori venguva yemberi, kwete kutuka kunosanganisa.

Kunyangwe isu tichipfuura nemuruzivo rwakawanda rwenhema uye hysteria isiri-yakavakirwa nesainzi, Fukushima chidzidzo kwatiri tese, kunyanya kana isu tichifunga nezvekuisa zvivakwa zvekugadzira magetsi enyukireya pamhenderekedzo. Pane kupokana kudiki kuti kusvibiswa kwemwaranzi mumvura yemahombekombe eJapan kwakakomba uye kungave kuri kuwedzera. Uye kusvika pari zvino, zvinoita sekunge masisitimu emugungwa achange achivimbisa kuti dzimwe nyika nharaunda dzemahombekombe hadzitambudzike kusvibiswa kwakafanana kubva kune dambudziko iri.

Pano paThe Ocean Foundation, tiri kuita zvatinokwanisa kutsigira kusimba uye kugadzirisa kugadzirira kutukwa kwevanhu pamwe chete nenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, uye kusimudzira simba rakachengeteka remumhenderekedzo yegungwa, rakadai seaya anowana simba rinovandudzwa kubva kusimba rine simba zvikuru pasi pano - redu. ocean (ona zvimwe).