Hupenyu hweOcean Hunogona Kubatsira Kuderedza Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze: Chidzidzo Chitsva

Mhuka mhenyu dzinochengeta kabhoni. Kana ukatora hove kubva mugungwa woidya, kabhoni iri muhove iyoyo inonyangarika kubva mugungwa. Oceanic blue carbon inoreva nzira dzechisikigo idzo mhuka dzemugungwa (kwete hove chete) dzinogona kubatsira kuteya uye sequester kabhoni, zvichigona kuderedza mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.

Munyanza, kabhoni inoyerera nepadandemutande rezvokudya. Inotanga kugadziriswa kuburikidza nephotosynthesis ne phytoplankton pamusoro. Kuburikidza nekushandiswa, kabhoni inozotamiswa yochengetwa mumiviri yezvinodyara zvemugungwa zvakaita sekrill. Kuburikidza nekudzvinyirirwa, iyo kabhoni inounganidza mune yakakura vertebrates yemugungwa senge sardines, shark, uye whale.

Nyeredzi dzinounganidza kabhoni mumiviri yavo mukati meupenyu hwadzo hurefu, humwe hwacho hunosvika makore mazana maviri. Pavanofa, vanonyura pasi pegungwa, vachitora kabhoni. tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti hombe imwe neimwe whale sequesters yakatenderedza 33 tonnes ecarbon dioxide paavhareji. Muti panguva imwe cheteyo unongobatsira kusvika pazvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana zvekutorwa kwekabhoni yewhale.

Mamwe mhuka dzemugungwa dzinochengeta kabhoni shoma kwenguva pfupi. Huwandu hwavo hwekuchengetedza hunozivikanwa se "biomass kabhoni". Kuchengetedza uye kusimudzira zvitoro zveoceanic blue carbon mumhuka dzemugungwa zvinogona kutungamira mukuchengetedza uye nekuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze mabhenefiti.

Ongororo yekuongorora mutyairi ichangobva kuitwa muUnited Arab Emirates (UAE) kubatsira kunzwisisa zvingangoitika mugungwa rebhuruu kabhoni mukugadzirisa dambudziko repasi rose rekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye mukutsigira kubata hove uye mutemo wemugungwa.

Chirongwa cheUAE chekuyedza chakapihwa basa neAbu-Dhabi Global Environmental Data Initiative (AGEDI), uye yakatsigirwa nemari yemubatanidzwa kubva kuBlue Climate Solutions, chirongwa che. Iyo Ocean Foundation, uye United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) kuburikidza GRID-Arendal, iyo inoshandisa uye inoita iyo Global Environment Facility Blue Forest Project.

Chidzidzo ichi chakashandisa dhatabheti uye nzira dziripo kuyera nekuongorora kugona kwehove, cetaceans, dugongs, turtles dzemugungwa, uye shiri dzegungwa dzinogara muchikamu chenzvimbo dzemugungwa dzeUAE kuchengetedza uye sequester kabhoni.

"Ongororo iyi inomiririra yekutanga pasi rose oceanic blue carbon audit uye ongororo yemitemo padanho renyika uye ichabvumira masangano akakodzera uye manejimendi muUAE kuti aongorore sarudzo dzekuita kweiyo oceanic blue carbon policy pamatunhu nemunyika," anodaro. Ahmed Abdulmuttaleb Baharoon, Mutevedzeri Mukuru weAGEDI. "Basa iri kucherechedzwa kwakasimba kwekugona kwekuchengetedza uye kutungamira kwakasimba kwezvipenyu zvemugungwa kuti zvionekwe sechinhu chakakosha-chinotarisana nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze pasi rose," anowedzera kudaro.

Biomass kabhoni imwe ye mapfumbamwe akacherechedzwa oceanic bhuruu kabhoni nzira apo mhuka dzemugungwa dzinogona kuyananidza kuchengetedza kabhoni uye sequestration.

Brazil oceanic blue carbon audit

Chimwe chinangwa chechidzidzo cheUAE chaive chekuongorora marine vertebrate biomass kabhoni zvitoro zvine tarisiro yeAbu Dhabi emirate, iyo yakawanda-yaivepo kare data yaivepo.

Biomass kabhoni yekuchengetedza kugona kwakaongororwa nenzira mbiri. Chekutanga, yakarasika biomass kabhoni yekuchengetedza yakafungidzirwa nekuongorora data rekubata hove. Chechipiri, ikozvino biomass kabhoni yekuchengetedza (kureva, biomass kabhoni yakamira stock) yemhuka dzemugungwa, kamba dzemugungwa neshiri dzegungwa zvakafungidzirwa nekuongorora huwandu hwe data. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwe data pamusoro pehove dzakawanda panguva yekuongorora, hove dzakabviswa kubva mukufungidzirwa kwebiomass carbon standing stock, asi idzi data dzinofanirwa kuverengerwa mune ramangwana zvidzidzo.

Chidzidzo ichi chakafungidzira kuti muna 2018, 532 matani ebiomass kabhoni yekuchengetedza akarasika nekuda kwekubatwa kwehove. Izvi zvakada kuenzana neazvino anofungidzirwa matani mazana mashanu nemakumi maviri ebiomass kabhoni akamira emhuka dzemugungwa, kamba dzemugungwa, uye shiri dzemugungwa mu Abu Dhabi emirate.

Iyi biomass kabhoni yakamira stock inoumbwa nemadugong (51%), turtles dzemugungwa (24%), ma dolphin (19%), uye shiri dzegungwa (6%). Pamhando makumi matanhatu nenhanhatu dzakaongororwa (mhando makumi mashanu nenhatu dzehove, mhando nhatu dzemhuka dzemugungwa, mbiri dzekamba dzemugungwa, nesere dzeshiri dzemugungwa) muchidzidzo ichi, masere (66%) ane mamiriro ekuchengetedza ari panjodzi kana kupfuura.

"Biomass carbon - uye oceanic blue carbon in general - ingori imwe yeakawanda ecosystem masevhisi anopihwa nemhando idzi uye nekudaro haifanirwe kuonekwa yakazvimiririra kana kutsiva dzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza," anodaro Heidi Pearson, nyanzvi yemhuka dzemugungwa. Yunivhesiti yeAlaska Southeast uye munyori anotungamira webiomass kabhoni kudzidza. 

"Kudzivirirwa nekusimudzira zvitoro zvebhayomass kabhoni zvinogona kuve imwe yenzira dzakawanda dzekuronga kuchengetedza uye kudzikisira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze muUAE," anowedzera.

“Migumisiro yacho inosimbisa ukoshi hukuru hwezvipenyu hwemhungu nezvimwe zvipenyu zvomugungwa kubatsira kuderedza mamiriro ekunze,” anodaro Mark Spalding, Mutungamiriri weThe Ocean Foundation. "Zvakakosha kuti nharaunda yepasi rose itarise humbowo uhu sechikamu chekuedza kwavo kuenderera mberi nekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa zvipenyu zvemugungwa uye kugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze pasi rose," anowedzera.

Oceanic blue carbon policy ongororo

Chimwe chinangwa chechirongwa ichi chaive chekuongorora kugona kweoceanic blue carbon sechishandiso chegwara rekutsigira manejimendi akasimba ezviwanikwa zvemugungwa uye kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.

Chidzidzo ichi chakaongororawo 28 vemahombekombe egungwa uye emugungwa vanobata zvakatipoteredza kuti vaongorore ruzivo, maitiro, uye maonero eiyo oceanic blue carbon uye kukosha kwayo kumutemo. Ongororo yemitemo yakaona kuti kushandiswa kweoceanic blue carbon policy ine hurongwa hwakakosha kune nzvimbo dzekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana siyana, uye kutonga kwehove munyika, mudunhu, uye nedzimwe nyika.

"Ruzhinji rwevatori vechikamu muongororo vakabvuma kuti kucherechedzwa kwepasirese kukosha kweoceanic blue carbon kunofanirwa kuwedzerwa uye kuti kunofanirwa kuiswa muzvirongwa zvekuchengetedza uye kuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze," anodaro Steven Lutz, nyanzvi yeblue carbon kuGRID-Arendal uye anotungamira. munyori wekuongorora kwepolicy. "Zvisinei nekukosha kwekudzikisa kusvibiswa kwekabhoni, tsvagiridzo iyi inosimbisa kuti kuchengetedza kwemugungwa senzira yekudzikisa mamiriro ekunze kunogoneka, kungangove kugamuchirwa uye kune mukana mukuru," anowedzera.

“Zviwanwa izvi ndezvokutanga pasi rose zverudzi rwazvo uye zvinobatsira zvikuru kuti pave nekurukurirano pamusoro pokuchengetedza makungwa uye kutungamirira mukuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze,” anodaro Isabelle Vanderbeck, nyanzvi yezvipenyu zvomugungwa yeUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

"Oceanic blue carbon inogona kuva chimwe chikamu che data rinoshandiswa mukugadzira nzira dzekuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, hove dzinogara dziripo, mutemo wekuchengetedza, uye kuronga nzvimbo dzemugungwa. Tsvagiridzo iyi inovhara zvakanyanya mukaha uripo pakati pekuchengetedzwa kwemakungwa nemutemo wekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye inogona kuenderana nezvinoitika mugungwa zvinotarisirwa kukurukurwa pamusangano weUnited Nations wegore rino wekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze muna Mbudzi,” vanodaro.

The United Nations Makumi emakore eOcean Sainzi yeKusimudzirwa Kwekusimudzira (2021-2030) yakaziviswa muna Zvita 2017, ichapa chimiro chakafanana chekuona kuti sainzi yemugungwa inogona kutsigira zvizere zviito zvenyika kuchengetedza makungwa uye kunyanya kuzadzisa 2030 Agenda yeSustainable Development.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ndapota taura naSteven Lutz (GRID-Arendal): [email inodzivirirwa] kana Gabriel Grimsditch (UNEP): [email inodzivirirwa] kana Isabelle Vanderbeck (UNEP): [email inodzivirirwa]