Haasi Makuru Chete

Kune avo vane hanya negungwa redu, hupenyu hwemukati, uye nharaunda dzevanhu dzinotsamira pagungwa rine hutano - fungidziro yekuwedzera maindasitiri ekushandiswa kwegungwa inotyisidzira basa rese riri kuitwa kugadzirisa kukuvadzwa kuripo kubva muzviitiko zvevanhu. Sezvo isu tichiedza kuderedza nzvimbo dzakafa, kuwedzera hove dzakawanda, kuchengetedza mhuka dzemugungwa kubva mukukuvadzwa, uye kusimudzira hukama hwakanaka hwevanhu nenyanza iyo hupenyu hwese hwevanhu hunotsamira pairi, chinhu chekupedzisira chatinoda chakawedzerwa kuchera mafuta ekumahombekombe. Kuti kugadzirwa kwemafuta muUnited States kuri pamazinga erekodhi zvinoreva kuti isu hatifanire kuunza imwe kukuvadza uye imwe njodzi kuburikidza nemafuta uye gasi kuwanikwa uye maitiro ekubvisa.  

Turtle yakafukidzwa nemafuta pedyo neGulf yeMexico, 2010, Florida Hove uye Wildlife / Blair Witherington

Kuteuka kweoiri kukuru kwakafanana nemadutu makuru — akadhindwa pandangariro dzedu dzakabatana: kuteuka kweSanta Barbara muna 1969, kupera kweExxon Valdez muna 1989 muAlaska, uye njodzi yeBP Deepwater Horizon muna 2010, iyo inodarika mamwe ese mumvura yeUS. Avo vakazviwana kana kuti vakaona miuyo yazvo paTV—havagoni kuzvikanganwa—mahombekombe akasvibira, shiri dzine mafuta, ma<em>dolphin asingagoni kufema, hove dzinouraya, nzanga dzisingaonekwi dzakaputirwa dzehove, honye dzomugungwa, uye zvimwe zvinobatanidza zvinhu zvoupenyu. Imwe neimwe yetsaona idzi yakakonzera kuvandudzwa kwekuchengetedza uye kutarisisa mashandiro, maitiro ekubhadhara kukanganisa kwekuita kwevanhu uye kukuvadza mhuka dzesango, nekugadzwa kwenzvimbo tsvene umo kuchera mafuta kwaisabvumidzwa senzira yekudzivirira mamwe mashandisirwo egungwa-kusanganisira whale kutarisa. , nhandaro, uye kubata hove—nenzvimbo dzokugara dzaivatsigira. Asi kukuvadza kwavakaita kuri kuenderera mberi nhasi—kunoyerwa nokurasikirwa nemhando dzakawanda dzemarudzi akadai seherring, nyaya dzokuberekana muma<em>dolphin, uye mimwe miuyo inogona kuverengwa.

-The Houma Courier, 1 Ndira 2018

Kune akawanda akakomba akateuka mafuta asingaite peji rekutanga kana pamusoro peawa yenhau. Vanhu vazhinji vakapotsa kurashikirwa kukuru muGulf yeMexico muna Gumiguru 2017, uko kutsva kwemvura kwakadzika kwakadonhedza marita anopfuura mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu ezviuru. Haisi chete iyo yaive yakanyanya kudurura kubva panjodzi yeBP, vhoriyamu yakateuka yaive nyore zvakakwana kuti iite yekuteuka kwepamusoro gumi muhuwandu hwemafuta akaburitswa mumvura yegungwa. Saizvozvo, kana usiri wemuno, ungangove usingayeuki tanker yakamiswa kubva kuNantucket muna 350,000, kana kudzikwa kweSelendang Ayu muAleutians muna 10, ese ari mumakumi gumi epamusoro akateuka muhuwandu. US mvura. Njodzi dzakadai seidzi dzinoita sedzinogona kuwedzera kana maoparesheni achizoenda munzvimbo dzine njodzi dzinowedzera-zviuru zvemafiti pasi pepamusoro uye kunze mumvura isina kudzivirirwa yemahombekombe uye mamiriro akanyanya akadai seArctic. 

Asi haisiriyo njodzi yekuti zvinhu zvienderane izvo zvinoita kuti kuwedzera kuchera mafuta ekumahombekombe kuve kupfupi-kuona, kukuvadza kusingakoshi kumvura yedu yemugungwa. Zvakawanda zvakashata zvinokonzerwa nekuchera mafuta ekumahombekombe hazvina hukama netsaona. Kunyangwe kuvakwa kwemarigi uye kudhirowa kusati kwatanga, kuputika kwepfuti yemhepo kunotsanangura kuyedza kwekudengenyeka kunokanganisa mhuka dzesango uye kukanganisa hove. Mutsindo wekuchera mafuta negasi muGulf yeMexico unosanganisira 5% kufukidzwa nemagetsi emafuta, uye zviuru nezviuru zvemamaira emapaipi ari kunyura pasi pegungwa, uye kukoromoka kwakadzikama kwemachakwi emahombekombe anopa hupenyu anodzivirira nharaunda dzedu kubva. dutu. Kuwedzera kukuvadza kunosanganisira kuwedzera ruzha mumvura kubva mukuchera, kutakura, uye kumwe kuvhiyiwa, kutakura muchetura kubva mukuchera madhaka, kukuvadzwa kwenzvimbo yekugara kubva kune anowedzera mambure emapaipi akaiswa pasi pegungwa, uye kusangana kwakashata nemhuka dzemugungwa, kusanganisira whale, ma dolphin, hove, neshiri dzegungwa.  

Deepwater Horizon Fire, 2010, EPI2oh

Nguva yekupedzisira yekuwedzera kuchera mafuta ekumahombekombe kwakakurudzirwa munharaunda dzemumvura dzeUS pamhenderekedzo dzese dzakaungana. Kubva kuFlorida kuenda kuNorth Carolina kuenda kuNew York, vakaratidza kuvhunduka pamusoro pemigumisiro yezvivako zvakakura zvemaindasitiri mumvura zvinotsigira mararamiro avo. Vakaratidza kuvhunduka pamusoro pengozi inobvira kukushanyirwa, kumhuka dzomusango, kumhuri dzinobata hove, kukuona whale, uye kuvaraidzo. Vakaratidza kushushikana kuti kutadza kumanikidza kuchengetedzwa nekudzivirira nzira kunogona kukonzera njodzi yakawanda mumvura yakashama yePacific, Atlantic, uye Arctic. Pakupedzisira, vakajeka pamusoro pekutenda kwavo kuti kuisa mungozi nzvimbo dzehove, mhuka dzemugungwa, uye nzvimbo dzemahombekombe kuri kuisa njodzi yenhaka yezviwanikwa zvedu zvegungwa zvatine chikwereti kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.

Yave nguva yekuti nharaunda idzodzo, uye yedu tose, tiuye pamwechete zvakare. Isu tinofanirwa kuita kuti vatungamiriri vedu vematunhu nevenzvimbo vanzwisise kuti zvakakosha sei kutungamira ramangwana redu regungwa nenzira dzisingakuvadze chiitiko chehupfumi chazvino. 

Loon yakafukidzwa nemafuta, Trish Carney/MarinePhotoBank

Tinofanira kubvunza kuti sei. Sei makambani emafuta negasi achifanira kubvumidzwa kuita maindasitiri zvachose egungwa redu kuitira purofiti yakazvimirira? Nei tichifanira kutenda kuti kuvhurika kwegungwa kuchera idanho rakanaka rehukama hweAmerica kugungwa? Nei tichikoshesa zvinhu zvine ngozi zvikuru kudaro, zvinokuvadza? Sei taizoshandura mitemo inoda kuti makambani emagetsi ave vavakidzani vakanaka uye adzivirire zvakanaka zvevanhu?

Tinofanira kubvunza kuti chii. Chii chinodiwa nevanhu vekuAmerica chinoita kuti kuwedzera kuchera oiri kumahombekombe kukoshera njodzi kunharaunda dzeAmerica? Ndedzipi vimbiso dzatinganyatso tenda mazviri sezvo madutu anowedzera kusimba uye asingafungidziriki? Ndedzipi dzimwe nzira dziripo pane kuchera oiri negasi izvo zvinoenderana nevanhu vane hutano uye makungwa ane hutano?

Zuva remakumi matatu reDeepwater Horizon oiri rakateuka muGulf yeMexico, 30, Green Fire Productions.

Tinofanira kubvunza kuti sei. Tinogona sei kupembedza kukuvadzwa kunharaunda dzinotsamira pakuredza, pakushanya, uye kurima kwemvura? Tinogona sei kudzivirira makumi emakore ekudzoreredza hove, huwandu hwezvinoyamwisa zvemugungwa, uye nzvimbo yekugara yemahombekombe nekubvisa mitemo inotsigira maitiro akanaka? 

Tinofanira kubvunza kuti ndiani. Ndiani achauya pamwechete achipikisa kuwedzera kwemaindasitiri emvura yeAmerica? Ndiani achasimuka kuti ataurire zvizvarwa zvinotevera? Ndiani achabatsira kuti nharaunda dzedu dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa dzirambe dzichibudirira?  

Uye tinoziva mhinduro. Hupenyu hwemamiriyoni evaAmerica huri panjodzi. Kugara zvakanaka kwemahombekombe edu kuri panjodzi. Remangwana regungwa redu uye kugona kwaro kugadzira oxygen uye nepakati pemamiriro ekunze edu zviri panjodzi. Mhinduro ndisu. Tinogona kuuya pamwe chete. Tinogona kubatanidza vatungamiriri vedu vevanhu. Tinogona kukumbira vagadziri vedu. Tinogona kujekesa kuti isu takamirira gungwa, nharaunda dzedu dzemahombekombe, uye nezvizvarwa zvinotevera.

Tora chinyoreso chako, piritsi rako, kana foni yako. 5-Kufona kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuti ubate vamiriri vako uye kutaura zvinokunetsa. Iwe unogona zvakare kurwisa kutyisidzira uye kusaina yedu CURRENTS chikumbiro pakuchera kumahombekombe uye regai vanoita sarudzo vazive kuti zvakakwana zvakakwana. Mahombekombe eAmerica nenyanza inhaka yedu uye nhaka yedu. Hapana chikonzero chekupa makambani makuru epasi rese mukana usina kuvharirwa kugungwa redu. Hapana chikonzero chekuisa mungozi hove dzedu, ma dolphin edu, manatee edu, kana shiri dzedu. Hapana chikonzero chekuvhiringidza mararamiro emuwaterman kana kuisa pangozi mibhedha yeoyster uye mafuro euswa hwegungwa ayo hupenyu hunotsamira. Tinogona kuti kwete. Tinogona kuti pane imwe nzira. 

Ndezvegungwa,
Mark J. Spalding, Mutungamiri