Iyo Titanic sechikamu cheNhaka yedu yeOcean

Sezvatinosvika ku110^th mhemberero yekunyura kwe Titanic (husiku hwa14^th - 15^th Kubvumbi 1912), kufunga kwakawanda kunofanira kuitwa kufunga nezve kuchengetedzwa uye pasi pemvura tsika yenhaka yekuparara iyo zvino yakagara mukati meAtlantic. Pasi pemvura nhaka yetsika zvinoreva nzvimbo dzemugungwa dzakakosha munhoroondo kana mutsika dzinosanganisira zvinobatika (zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo) uye zvisingabatike (ukoshi hwetsika) hwenzvimbo idzodzo, zvakaita sezvivakwa zvekare kana kuti matombo anokosha patsika nemagariro evanhu munharaunda. Panyaya ye Titanic, nzvimbo yakaputsika ine nhoroondo yakakosha pamwe netsika yakakosha nekuda kwenhaka yesaiti iyi seyakanyanya mukurumbira kuputsikirwa nengarava. Uyezve, kuparara kwaita sechipo chemitemo uye zvibvumirano zvepasi rose zvinotonga mutemo wepasi rose wemugungwa nhasi seChengetedzo yeHupenyu paGungwa Kokorodzano, kugadzwa kweInternational Maritime Organisation, uye kuchengetedzwa kwenhaka yepasi pemvura). Kubva payakawanikwa, gakava rakaramba richienderera mberi pamusoro pekuchengetedza zvakanyanya kuparara uku kwezvizvarwa zvazvino uye zvichauya.

Titanic inofanira kuchengetedzwa sei?

Seyakasarudzika pasi pemvura tsika yenhaka saiti, iyo TitanicKudzivirirwa kwave kuitirwa nharo. Kusvika pari zvino, zvinhu zviuru zvishanu zvakatorwa kubva panzvimbo yakaparara uye zvakachengetwa muunganidzwa wakazara izvo zvakawanda zvinowanikwa kumamiziyamu kana masangano anosvikirwa neveruzhinji. Zvinonyanya kukosha, inenge 5,000% ye Titanic iri kuchengetedzwa mu Situ sechiyeuchidzo chegungwa. MuSitu - sezvazviri munzvimbo yepakutanga - ndiyo nzira iyo nzvimbo yepasi pemvura yetsika yenhaka inosiiwa isina kukanganiswa kuchengetedza kwenguva refu uye kuderedza kukuvadza kunzvimbo. 

Kunyangwe iyo Titanic inochengetedzwa munzvimbo kana kuti inoedza kuchengetedza kubvumidza kuunganidzwa kwakaganhurirwa kukurudzira kupinda kwevanhu, chakaparara chinofanira kudzivirirwa kubva kune avo vane tarisiro yekushandisa kuparadzwa. Pfungwa yokununura nesayenzi yataurwa pamusoro apa inopesana zvakananga nevanonzi vavhimi vepfuma. Vanovhima pfuma havashandisi nzira dzesainzi dzekudzoreredza zvigadzirwa kazhinji mukutsvaga kuwana mari kana mukurumbira. Kubiridzira kwerudzi urwu kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa zvachose nekuda kwekukuvadzwa kukuru kwenzvimbo dzepasi pemvura dzenhaka yetsika uye kukuvadza kune yakatenderedza marine ecosystem.

Ndeipi Mitemo Inodzivirira Titanic?

Kubva pakaparara nzvimbo ye Titanic yakawanikwa muna 1985, yanga iri musimboti wekupokana maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwesaiti. Parizvino, zvibvumirano zvepasi rose uye mitemo yepamba yakaiswa munzvimbo yekudzikamisa kuunganidzwa kwezvigadzirwa kubva ku Titanic uye chengetedza chakaparara in situ.

Kubva muna 2021, iyo Titanic inodzivirirwa pasi pe US-UK International Agreement pamusoro Titanic, iyo UNESCO 2001 Kokorodzano pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwepasi pemvura Cultural Heritage, Uye Mutemo weGungwa. Pamwe chete izvi zvibvumirano zvepasi rose zvinotsigira kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika kudzivirira uye kusimudzira pfungwa yekuti nharaunda dzepasirese dzine basa rekuchengetedza zvakaparara zvenhoroondo, kusanganisira Titanic.

Kunewo mitemo yemumba inodzivirira kuputika kwengoro. MuUnited Kingdom, the Titanic inodzivirirwa kuburikidza Kudzivirirwa kweWrecks (RMS Titanic) Order 2003. MuUnited States, kuedza kuchengetedza Titanic yakatanga ne RMS Titanic Maritime Memorial Act ye1986, iyo yakadana chibvumirano chepasi rose uye NOAA mirayiridzo yakabudiswa muna 2001, uye Chikamu 113 cheConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2017. Mutemo we2017 unoti "hapana munhu achaita tsvakiridzo, kuongorora, kuponesa, kana chimwe chiitiko chinogona kushandura kana kukanganisa nzvimbo yakaputsika kana yakaparara yeRMS. Titanic kunze kwekunge abvumirwa neMunyori weCommerce. " 

Nharo Yenhoroondo Pamusoro Pekodzero dzeSalvage kuTitanic neZvigadzirwa zvayo

Nepo Admiralty matare anoraira (matare emakungwa) anodzivirira kufarira kweveruzhinji mukati Titanic kuburikidza nemutemo wemaritime of salvage (ona pamusoro pechikamu), kuchengetedzwa uye zvisingakwanisi pakuunganidza salvage hazvina kuvimbiswa nguva dzose. Munhoroondo yemutemo ye1986 Act, pakanga paine humbowo kubva kune muvambi Bob Ballard - akawana Titanic - kuti sei Titanic inofanira kuchengetedzwa panzvimbo (in situ) sechirangaridzo chemugungwa kune avo vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo husiku hwakashata ihwohwo. Zvisinei, panguva yeuchapupu hwake, Ballard akacherechedza kuti pane zvimwe zvigadzirwa mumunda wemarara pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvakakura zvehull zvingave zvakakodzera kupora kwakakodzera uye kuchengetedza muunganidzwa unowanikwa kuvanhu. George Tulloch we Titanic Ventures (gare gare RMS Titanic Inc. kana RMST) akaisa zano iri muchirongwa chake chekuponesa chakaitwa nevakawana pamwe navo muFrench Institute IFREMIR pachirango chekuti zvigadzirwa zvaizochengetwa pamwechete semuunganidzwa wakazara. Tulloch akabva avimbisa kubatsira RMST kuwana kodzero dzekununura Titanic kuEastern District yeVirginia muna 1994. Mutongo wakatevera wedare unorambidza kuboorwa kwezvikamu zvehull kuti uchengetedze zvinhu zvakagadzirwa wakapinzwa muChibvumirano che Titanic kumisa kupinda kwekuparara uye kuunganidzwa kwekununura kubva mukati me Titanic's hull. 

Muna 2000, RMST yakatorwa nechisimba nevamwe vagovani vaida kuita salvage mukati mezvikamu zvehull uye vakamhan'arira Hurumende yeUS kuti irege kusaina Chibvumirano chepasi rose che. Titanic (ona ndima yechipiri). Sutu iyi yakaraswa, uye dare rakapa mumwe murairo uchiyeuchidza RMST kuti inorambidzwa kuboora chikepe uye kuponesa zvinhu. Kuedza kweRMST kukwidziridza kufarira kwayo kuita mari mukununura kwavo vasina kubudirira kutsvaga zita pasi pemutemo wezvakawanikwa asi vakakwanisa kuwana mubairo wekuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakaiswa pasi pezvimwe zvibvumirano nemamiriro ekuratidza kufarira kweveruzhinji. Titanic.  

Mushure mekunge RMST yasiya kuedza kutengesa zvese kana chikamu chekuunganidzwa kwe Titanic midziyo, yakadzokera kuurongwa hwokuboora chikepe kuti inunure redhiyo (inonzi midziyo yeMarconi) iyo yakatumira chiratidzo chenhamo usiku ihwohwo hwenhamo. Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga yaita kuti Dunhu rekuMabvazuva reVirginia rive nemusiyano kuhurongwa hwaro hwegore ra2000 kuti ribvumire kuti “zvishoma . . . cheka mugomba chete sezvinodiwa kuti uwane iyo Marconi Suite, uye kubvisa kubva pakakoromoka iyo Marconi isina waya mudziyo uye yakabatana zvigadzirwa ”iyo 4.^th Circuit Court of Appeals rikapidigura mutongo uyu. Mukuita izvi, yakaziva simba redare repasi rekupa mutongo wakadaro mune ramangwana asi mushure mekufunga pfungwa dzeHurumende yeUS dzekuti 2017 Act inoda mvumo kubva kuDeptpartment of Commerce NOAA inofambirana neInternational Agreement on. Titanic.

Pakupedzisira, dare rakatsigira pfungwa yekuti kunyange panogona kunge paine kufarira veruzhinji mukutora zvinhu kubva muchikamu chehull, chero basa rinofanirwa kuita hurongwa huchabatanidza mapazi makuru eUnited Kingdom neUnited, uye inofanirwa kuremekedza nekududzira mitemo yeCongress nezvibvumirano kwairi bato. Saka, the Titanic kuputsika kwechikepe kucharamba kwakadzivirirwa in situ sezvo pasina munhu kana sangano rinogona kuchinja kana kukanganisa Titanic ngarava yakapunzika kunze kwekunge yapihwa mvumo chaiyo kubva kuhurumende dzese dzeUS neUK.

Sezvo isu zvakare pedyo nekuyeukwa kwegore rekunyura kwezvimwe ngarava ine mukurumbira pasi rose, zvinounza pachena kudiwa kwekuenderera mberi kwekuchengetedzwa kwenhaka yedu yegungwa kusanganisira pasi pemvura tsika yemagariro. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve Titanic, iyo National Oceanic uye Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) inochengetedza mapeji ewebhu paChibvumirano, Nhungamiro, Kubvumidza maitiro, Salvage, uye mutemo une chekuita ne Titanic muUnited States. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve mutemo uye litigation maererano Titanic ona i Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology Yakadzika Pfungwa.