Deep Sea Mining - Iyo Pacific Kuedza

Kambani yekuCanada yemigodhi yeNautilus Minerals Inc. yaisa mukurumbira wayo pakuburitsa basa rekutanga repasi rose rekuchera mugungwa (DSM). Gungwa reBismarck muPapua New Guinea rakaratidzirwa senzvimbo yekuedza yeiyi teknolojia isina kumboitika. Mamwe makambani mazhinji - anobva kuJapan, China, Korea, UK, Canada, USA, Germany neRussian Federation - akamirira kuona kana Nautilus ingabudirira kuunza simbi kubva pasi pegungwa kuti inyungudise isati yanyudza ivo pachavo. Vakatotora marezinesi ekuongorora anofukidza anopfuura mamirioni 1.5 mativi emakiromita epasi pegungwa rePacific. Pamusoro pezvo, marezinesi ekuongorora ikozvino anovhara nzvimbo dzakakura dzeAtlantic uye Indian Ocean pasi pegungwa.

Uku kupenga kwekuongorora kweDSM kuri kuitika mukushaikwa kwehutongi hwekutonga kana nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza kuchengetedza yakasarudzika uye shoma inozivikanwa ecosystem yegungwa rakadzika uye pasina kubvunzana zvine musoro nenharaunda dzichakanganiswa neDSM. Pamusoro pezvo, tsvakiridzo yesainzi pamusoro pezvinokonzeresa inoramba iine kushomeka uye haipi vimbiso yekuti hutano hwenharaunda dzemahombekombe nehove dzavanovimba nadzo huchavimbiswa.

The Deep Sea Mining Campaign isangano remasangano uye vagari vanobva kuPapua New Guinea, Australia neCanada vane hanya nekukanganisa kungangoitika kweDSM pane zvipenyu zvemugungwa nemahombekombe nenharaunda. Zvinangwa zvemushandirapamwe ndezvekuwana Mvumo Yemahara, Isati Yasvika uye Yakaziviswa kubva kunharaunda dzakakanganisika uye kushandiswa kweiyo precautionary musimboti.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore tinotenda kuti:

▪ Nharaunda dzinenge dzawirwa nedambudziko iri dzinofanira kubatanidzwa muzvisarudzo zvekuti zvicherwa zvemugungwa zvakadzika zvienderere mberi uye zvakare zvavapo kodzero yekuvhota migodhi yakarongwa, Uye kuti
▪ Tsvagiridzo yakasimbiswa yakazvimirira inofanirwa kuitiswa kuratidza kuti hapana nharaunda kana ecosystem ichatambura kwenguva refu yakaipa kukanganisa - tisati tabvumidza kuchera migodhi kutanga.

Makambani aratidza kufarira mumhando nhatu dzeDSM - kucherwa kwecobalt custs, polymetallic nodules, uye deposits of seafloor massive sulphides. Ndiyo yekupedzisira iyo ine nharo inonyanya kukwezva kune vashandi vemigodhi (kupfuma mu zinc, mhangura, sirivheri, goridhe, lead uye nyika isingawanzo) - uye inonyanya kukakavara. Kucherwa kwemasarufidhi epasi pegungwa kungangokonzera kukuvadzwa kwakanyanya kwezvakatipoteredza uye njodzi huru dzehutano kunharaunda dzemahombekombe uye zvipenyu.

Seafloor yakakura sulphides inoumbwa yakatenderedza hydrothermal vents - matsime anopisa anoitika mumaketani emakomo epasi pemvura anoputika. Kwezviuru zvemakore makore matema emetal sulfide akabuda mumhepo, achigara mumirwi mikuru kusvika kumamiriyoni ematani muhuremu.

Migumisiro
Nautilus Minerals yapihwa rezenisi rekutanga pasi rose rekushandisa mugodhi wakadzika wegungwa. Inoronga kutora goridhe nemhangura kubva mugungwa pasi pegungwa guru sulfides muBismarck Sea muPNG. Nzvimbo yemugodhi weSolwara 1 inenge makiromita makumi mashanu kubva kuguta reRabaul kuEast New Britain uye 50 kms kubva kumahombekombe eNew Ireland Province. Mushandirapamwe weDSM wakaburitsa tsananguro yeoceanographic assessment muna Mbudzi 30 inoratidza kuti nharaunda dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa dziri panjodzi yechepfu yeheavy metal nekuda kwekukwira-matsime uye mafungu panzvimbo yeSolwara 2012. [1]

Zvishoma zvikuru zvinonzwisiswa pamusoro pezvinokonzeresa zvinogona kuitwa nemugodhi wega wega wakadzika wegungwa tisingarevi kukanganiswa kwezvicherwa zvakawanda zvingangogadzirwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu akatenderedza hydrothermal vents haana kufanana chero kupi zvako papasi uye izvi zvakakonzera kusarudzika ecosystem. Mamwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti mhepo dzinopisa mvura inopisa ndimo umo upenyu hwakatanga pasi pano. Kana zvakadaro, nharaunda idzi uye zvipenyu izvi zvinogona kupa ruzivo mukushanduka kwehupenyu. Hatisati tatanga kunzwisisa zvakadzika zvipenyu zvegungwa zvinotora chikamu chinodarika makumi mapfumbamwe muzana chemunyanza.[90]

Kuitwa kwega kwega kwemugodhi kwaizoparadza zviuru zvema hydrothermal vent formations uye yakasarudzika ecosystem - paine mukana chaiwo wekuti mhuka dzichatsakatika dzisati dzatomboonekwa. Vazhinji vanopokana kuti kuparadzwa kwemhepo chete kwaizopa chikonzero chakakwana chekusatendera mapurojekiti eDSM. Asi kune dzimwe njodzi dzakakomba senge huturu hwesimbi hunogona kuwana nzira yavo mumaketani ezvekudya zvemugungwa.

Zvidzidzo uye kuenzanisa zvinodikanwa kuti uone kuti simbi dzipi dzichaburitswa, ndedzipi makemikari mafomu aachave aripo, kusvika papi pavachawana nzira yavo mumaketani echikafu, kuti chikafu chemugungwa chinodyiwa nenharaunda chingave chakasvibiswa sei, uye zvinokonzeresa izvi. simbi dzichava nehove dzemunharaunda, dzenyika uye dzedunhu.

Kusvikira panguva iyo nzira yekudzivirira inofanira kushandiswa nekuvharwa kunoiswa pakuongorora uye kucherwa kwemvura yakadzika yegungwa.

Manzwi emunharaunda achipikisa migodhi yegungwa rakadzika
Kudanwa kwekumisa kuyedza migodhi yemubhedha wegungwa muPacific kuri kukura. Nharaunda dzomuPapua New Guinea nePacific dziri kutaura zvinopesana neiri indasitiri yemiganhu.[3] Izvi zvinosanganisira kuratidzwa kwechikumbiro chine siginicha dzinopfuura 24,000 kuhurumende yePNG inodaidzira kuti hurumende dzePacific dzimise migodhi yepasi pegungwa.[4]
Hazvisati zvamboitika munhoroondo yePNG kuti pave nechikumbiro chebudiriro chakakurudzira kushorwa kwakakura kudai - kubva kuvamiriri venharaunda, vadzidzi, vatungamiriri vemachechi, masangano asiri ehurumende, vadzidzi vedzidzo, vashandi vemadhipatimendi ehurumende uye maparamende enyika neepurovhinzi.

Vakadzi vePacific vakasimudzira 'stop experimental seabed mining' meseji pamusangano wepasi rose weRio+20 muBrazil.[5] Ndiri muNew Zealand nzanga dzakaungana kuzorwisa kucherwa kwejecha radzo dema nemakungwa awo akadzika.[6]
Muna Kurume 2013, Musangano Wemakereke wechigumi chePacific wakaita chisungo chekumisa mhando dzese dzekuyedza migodhi yepasi pegungwa muPacific.[10]

Zvakadaro, marezinesi ekuongorora ari kupihwa pamwero unotyisa. Mamwe manzwi anofanirwa kunzwiwa kumisa fungidziro yeDSM kubva pakuitika.

Sangana nesu:
Join the Deep Sea Mining campaign e-list nekutumira email ku: [email inodzivirirwa]. Ndapota tizivise kana iwe kana sangano rako muchida kushanda nesu.

More mashoko:
Webhusaiti yedu: www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org
Mishumo yemushandirapamwe: http://www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/report
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/deepseaminingpacific
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NoDeepSeaMining
Youtube: http://youtube.com/StopDeepSeaMining

References:
[1]Dr. John Luick, 'Physical Oceanographic Assessment yeNautilus Environmental Impact Statement yeSolwara 1 Project - Ongororo Yakazvimirira', Deep Sea Mining Campaign. http://www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/report
[2] www.savethesea.org/STS%20ocean_facts.htm
[3] www.deepseaminingourofourdepth.org/community-testimonies
[4] www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/tag/petition/
[5] Pacific NGOs inosimudzira Oceans Campaign kuRio+20, Island Business, Chikumi 15 2012,
www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/pacific-ngos-step-up-oceans-campaign-at-rio20
[6] kasm.org; deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/tag/new-zealand
[7] 'Kushevedzera kutsvagurudzo', Dawn Gibson, 11 Kurume 2013, Fiji Times Pamhepo, www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=227482

Iyo Deep Sea Mining Campaign chirongwa cheThe Ocean Foundation