Ocean Literacy uye Conservation Behaviour Shanduko

KUDZOKERA KUTSVAKA

Zviri Mukati

1. ziviso
2. Nheyo dzeOcean Literacy
- 2.1 Pfupiso
- 2.2 Matanho eKukurukurirana
3. Kuchinja Kwemaitiro
- 3.1. pfupiso
- 3.2. Kushanda
- 3.3. Tsitsi Dzinobva Pazvakasikwa
4. dzidzo
- 4.1 STEM uye Ocean
- 4.2 Zvishandiso zveK-12 Vadzidzisi
5. Kusiyana, Kuenzana, Kubatanidzwa, uye Kururamisa
6. Mitemo, Nzira, uye Zviratidzo

1. ziviso

Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvakanyanya kufambira mberi muchikamu chekuchengetedzwa kwemakungwa kusanyatsonzwisisa kukosha, kusadzikama, uye kubatana kwemakungwa masisitimu. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti veruzhinji havana kunyatsoshongedzerwa neruzivo nezvenyaya dzemunyanza uye kuwana ruzivo rwemakungwa sendima yekudzidza uye nzira yebasa inogoneka yagara isingaenzaniswi. Iyo Ocean Foundation's nyowani musimboti purojekiti, iyo Dzidzisa YeOcean Initiative, yakavambwa muna 2022 kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Dzidzisa YeOcean yakazvipira kushandura nzira yatinodzidzisa pamusoro gungwa kuita zvishandiso uye maitiro anokurudzira maitiro matsva nemaitiro nokuti gungwa. Kutsigira chirongwa ichi, peji ino yekutsvagisa inoitirwa kupa chidimbu che data razvino uye maitiro achangoburwa maererano nekuverenga kwemakungwa uye shanduko yemaitiro ekuchengetedza pamwe nekuona mapundu anogona kuzadza neThe Ocean Foundation nechirongwa ichi.

Chii chinonzi ruzivo rwegungwa?

Nepo tsananguro chaiyo ichisiyana pakati pezvinyorwa, mumashoko akapfava, kudzidza kwegungwa ndiko kunzwisisa kwesimba regungwa pavanhu nenyika yese. Ndiwo maziviro anoita munhu nezvenzvimbo yegungwa uye kuti hutano nekugara zvakanaka kwenyanza zvingakanganisa sei munhu wese, pamwe neruzivo rwese rwegungwa nehupenyu hunogara mariri, chimiro chayo, basa, uye nzira yekutaura izvi. ruzivo kune vamwe.

Chii chinonzi kuchinja maitiro?

Shanduko yehunhu chidzidzo chekuti sei uye nei vanhu vachichinja maitiro nemaitiro avo, uye kuti vanhu vangakurudzira sei chiito kuchengetedza nharaunda. Sekuziva kuverenga kwemakungwa, pane gakava pamusoro petsanangudzo chaiyo yekuchinja kwehunhu, asi rinogara richisanganisira pfungwa dzinosanganisira dzidziso dzepfungwa nemafungiro uye kuita sarudzo pamusoro pekuchengetedza.

Chii chingaitwa kubatsira kugadzirisa mikaha mune dzidzo, kudzidzisa, uye kuita nharaunda?

TOF's ocean literacy approach inotarisa tariro, chiito, uye kuchinja kwemaitiro, musoro wakaoma wakakurukurwa nemutungamiri weTOF Mark J. Spalding Blog yedu muna 2015. Dzidzisa KuOcean inopa mamodule ekudzidzisa, ruzivo uye zviwanikwa zvetiweki, uye masevhisi ekupa mazano kutsigira nharaunda yedu yevadzidzisi vemugungwa sezvavanoshanda pamwechete kusimudzira nzira yavo yekudzidzisa nekuvandudza maitiro avo ekuda kuendesa shanduko inoenderera. Rumwe ruzivo nezve Dzidzisa Kune Ocean inogona kuwanikwa pane yedu yekutanga peji, pano.

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2. Ocean Literacy

2.1 Pfupiso

Marrero uye Payne. (Chikumi 2021). Ocean Literacy: Kubva paRipple kusvika kune Wave. Mubhuku: Ocean Literacy: Understanding the Ocean, p.21-39. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-70155-0_2 https://www.researchgate.net/publication /352804017_Ocean_Literacy_Understanding _the_Ocean

Pane kudiwa kwakasimba kwekudzidza kwemakungwa pachiyero chepasi rose nekuti gungwa rinodarika miganhu yenyika. Iri bhuku rinopa nzira yekudyidzana kune yegungwa dzidzo uye kuverenga. Chitsauko ichi kunyanya chinopa nhoroondo yekuverenga kwemakungwa, inoita hukama neUnited Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14, uye inopa kurudziro yekuvandudza kutaurirana uye maitiro edzidzo. Chitsauko chinotanga muUnited States uye chinowedzera chiyero chekuvhara kurudziro yekushandiswa kwepasi rose.

Marrero, ME, Payne, DL, & Breidahl, H. (2019). Nyaya Yekubatana Kukurudzira Global Ocean Literacy. Miganhu muMarine Science, 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00325 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 333941293_The_Case_for_Collaboration_ to_Foster_Global_Ocean_Literacy

Kudzidza kweOcean kwakagadzirwa kubva mukuedza kwekubatana pakati pevadzidzisi vepamutemo uye vasina kurongeka, masayendisiti, nyanzvi dzehurumende, nevamwe vaifarira kutsanangura izvo vanhu vanofanirwa kuziva nezvegungwa. Vanyori vanosimbisa basa remarine dzidzo network mubasa rekudzidzira gungwa repasi rose uye vanokurukura kukosha kwekubatana uye chiito kusimudzira remangwana regungwa rakagadzikana. Bepa rinopokana kuti matinji ekuverenga nekunyora kwemakungwa anofanirwa kushanda pamwe chete nekutarisa vanhu uye kudyidzana kugadzira zvigadzirwa, kunyangwe zvakawanda zvinoda kuitwa kugadzira zviwanikwa zvakasimba, zvinowirirana, uye zvinosanganisirwa.

Uyarra, MC, uye Borja, Á. (2016). Ocean kuverenga: iyo 'itsva' yemagariro-ecological pfungwa yekushandiswa kwakasimba kwemakungwa. Kusvibiswa Kwemakungwa Bulletin 104, 1–2. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.060 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 298329423_Ocean_literacy_A_’new’_socio-ecological_concept_for_a_sustainable_use_ of_the_seas

Kuenzaniswa kweongororo yekuona kweveruzhinji kwekutyisidzira kwemugungwa uye kudzivirira pasi rese. Ruzhinji rwevakapindura vanotenda kuti nharaunda yegungwa iri munjodzi. Kusvibiswa kwakaiswa pachinzvimbo chepamusoro-soro kuchiteverwa nekuredza, kuchinjwa kwenzvimbo, uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Vazhinji vanopindura vanotsigira nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemugungwa mudunhu ravo kana nyika. Vazhinji vakapindura vanoda kuona nzvimbo dzakakura dzegungwa dzakachengetedzwa kupfuura dziripo iye zvino. Izvi zvinokurudzira kuenderera mberi kwebasa rekubatana kwemakungwa sezvo zvichiratidza kuti rutsigiro rwezvirongwa izvi rwuripo kunyangwe rutsigiro rwemamwe mapurojekiti emugungwa kusvika parizvino rwusina.

Gelcich, S., Buckley, P., Pinnegar, JK, Chilvers, J., Lorenzoni, I., Terry, G., et al. (2014). Ruzivo rweveruzhinji, zvinonetsa, uye zvinonyanya kukosha nezve anthropogenic mhedzisiro munzvimbo dzegungwa. Zvakaitwa neNational Academies of Science USA 111, 15042-15047. doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1417344111 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 267749285_Public_awareness_concerns_and _priorities_about_anthropogenic_impacts_on _marine_environments

Chiyero chekushushikana maererano nekukanganisa kwemugungwa kwakabatana zvakanyanya nedanho reruzivo. Kusvibiswa kwetsvina nekuredza hove inzvimbo mbiri dzinokosheswa neveruzhinji mukugadzirisa mitemo. Chiyero chekuvimba chinosiyana zvakanyanya pakati peakasiyana ruzivo masosi uye ndeyepamusoro kune vezvidzidzo uye zvinyorwa zvenyanzvi asi yakaderera kuhurumende kana indasitiri. Migumisiro inoratidza kuti veruzhinji vanoona kukurumidza kwemarine anthropogenic kukanganisa uye vane hanya zvakanyanya nekusvibiswa kwegungwa, kuredza hove, uye acidification yegungwa. Kuita kuti veruzhinji vazive, zvinonetsa, uye zvinokoshesa zvinogona kugonesa masayendisiti nevanopa mari kuti vanzwisise kuti veruzhinji vane hukama sei nenharaunda dzemugungwa, magadzirirwo emafuremu, uye kuwiriranisa manejimendi nematongerwo emitemo nezvido zveveruzhinji.

Iyo Ocean Project (2011). America neGungwa: Kuwedzeredza Kwegore 2011. Iyo Ocean Project. https://theoceanproject.org/research/

Kuve nekubatana kwako pachako kunyaya dzegungwa kwakakosha kuti uwane kudyidzana kwenguva refu nekuchengetedza. Tsika dzemagariro anowanzo raira zviito izvo vanhu vanofarira kana vachifunga nezvemhinduro kumatambudziko ezvakatipoteredza. Ruzhinji rwevanhu vanoshanyira gungwa, zoo, uye aquariums vatofarira kuchengetedzwa kwegungwa. Kuti zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza zvibudirire zvenguva refu, zvakananga, zvemunharaunda, uye zviito zvemunhu oga zvinofanira kusimbiswa nekukurudzirwa. Ongororo iyi ndeyekuvandudza kuAmerica, Ocean, uye Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze: New Research Insights for Conservation, Awareness, and Action (2009) uye Kukurukurirana NezveManyanzi: Zvigumisiro zveNational Survey (1999).

National Marine Sanctuary Foundation. (2006, Zvita). Musangano weOcean Literacy Report. Chikumi 7-8, 2006, Washington, DC

Chirevo ichi chakabva pamusangano wa2006 weNational Conference on Ocean Literacy wakaitirwa muWashington, DC Chinangwa chemusangano uyu chaive chekuburitsa pachena kuedza kwevadzidzi vemugungwa kuunza kudzidza kwemakungwa mudzimba dzekudzidzira muUnited States. Iyo foramu yakaona kuti kuwana nyika yevagari vegungwa vanoziva, shanduko yehurongwa muhurongwa hwedu hwedzidzo uye husina kurongwa hunodiwa.

2.2 Matanho eKukurukurirana

Toomey, A. (2023, Kukadzi). Nei Chokwadi Chisingachinje Pfungwa: Kunzwisisa kubva kuCognitive Sayenzi yeKukurukurirana Kukurukurirana kweKuchengetedza Tsvagiridzo. Biological Kuchengetedzwa, Vol. 278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication /367764901_Why_facts_don%27t_change _minds_Insights_from_cognitive_science_for_ the_improved_communication_of_ conservation_research

Toomey anoongorora uye anoedza kudzinga ngano pamusoro penzira yekunyatso taura sainzi pakuita sarudzo, kusanganisira ngano dzinoti: chokwadi chinoshandura pfungwa, kuverenga kwesainzi kunotungamira mukukwidziridzwa kwekutsvagisa, shanduko yemafungiro emunhu ichachinja maitiro emubatanidzwa, uye kuparadzira kwakafara kwakanakisa. Pane kudaro, vanyori vanopokana kuti kutaurirana kwesainzi kunoshanda kunobva: kupinza pfungwa dzemagariro ekuita sarudzo dzakakwana, kunzwisisa simba rehunhu, manzwiro, uye ruzivo mukuzunungusa pfungwa, kushandura maitiro emubatanidzwa, uye kufunga zvine hungwaru. Shanduko iyi yemaonero inovaka pane zvimwe zvichemo uye inotsigira kuita kwakatwasuka kuitira kuona shanduko yenguva refu uye inoshanda muhunhu.

Hudson, CG, Knight, E., Close, SL, Landrum, JP, Bednarek, A., & Shouse, B. (2023). Kutaurira nyaya kuti unzwisise maitiro ekutsvagisa: Nhoroondo kubva kuLenfest Ocean Chirongwa. ICES Nyaya yeMarine Science, Vol. 80, Nhamba 2, 394-400. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsac169. https://www.researchgate.net/publication /364162068_Telling_stories _to_understand_research_impact_narratives _from_the_Lenfest_Ocean_Program?_sg=sT_Ye5Yb3P-pL9a9fUZD5ODBv-dQfpLaqLr9J-Bieg0mYIBcohU-hhB2YHTlUOVbZ7HZxmFX2tbvuQQ

Chirongwa cheLenfest Ocean chakaita chidzidzo chekuongorora kupihwa kwavo rubatsiro kuti vanzwisise kana mapurojekiti avo achibudirira mukati nekunze kwevadzidzi. Ongororo yavo inopa maonero anonakidza nekutarisa rondedzero yenganonyorwa kuona kushanda kwetsvagiridzo. Vakaona kuti pane zvinobatsira zvikuru pakushandisa nganonyorwa kuita ongororo yega uye kuongorora mabatiro emapurojekiti avo anopihwa mari. Chinhu chakakosha chekutora ndechekuti kutsigira tsvakiridzo inobata zvido zvevafambidzani vemakungwa nevemahombekombe inoda kufunga nezvemhedzisiro yetsvakiridzo nenzira yakazara pane kungoverenga zvinyorwa zvinoongororwa nevezera.

Kelly, R., Evans, K., Alexander, K., Bettiol, S., Corney, S… Pecl, GT (2022, February). Kubatanidza kumakungwa: kutsigira kuverenga kwemakungwa uye kuita ruzhinji. Rev Hove Biol Fish. 2022;32(1):123-143. doi: 10.1007/s11160-020-09625-9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 349213591_Connecting_to_the_oceans _supporting _ocean_literacy_and_public_engagement

Kuvandudzwa kunzwisiswa kweveruzhinji nezvegungwa uye kukosha kwekushandisa gungwa kwakasimba, kana kuverenga nekunyora kwegungwa, kwakakosha pakuzadzisa zvisungo zvepasi rose mubudiriro inoenderera panosvika 2030 uye mberi. Vanyori vanotarisa kune vatyairi vana vanogona kupesvedzera nekuvandudza kuverenga kwemakungwa uye hukama hwemagariro kunyanza: (1) dzidzo, (2) hukama hwetsika, (3) kusimukira kwetekinoroji, uye (4) kuchinjana ruzivo uye sainzi-policy kubatana. Vanoongorora kuti mutyairi wega wega anoita basa rei mukuvandudza maonero enyanza kuti ape rutsigiro rwakapararira munharaunda. Vanyori vanogadzira dhairekitori rekuverenga negungwa, chishandiso chinoshanda chekusimudzira kubatana kwegungwa mukati mehuwandu hwakawanda hwemamiriro epasirese.

Knowlton, N. (2021). Tarisiro yeOcean: Kufamba mhiri kwenzvimbo dzekufa mukuchengetedza kwegungwa. Ongororo yegore negore yeMarine Science, Vol. 13, 479– 499. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040220-101608. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 341967041_Ocean_Optimism_Moving_Beyond _the_Obituaries_in_Marine_Conservation

Kunyange zvazvo gungwa rakarasikirwa zvikuru, pane humbowo huri kuwedzera hunoratidza kuti kufambira mberi kwakakosha kuri kuitwa mukuchengetedzwa kwemakungwa. Zvizhinji zvezvinobudirira izvi zvine mabhenefiti akawanda, kusanganisira kuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu. Zvakare, kunzwisiswa kuri nani kwekushandisa nzira dzekuchengetedza zvinobudirira, matekinoroji matsva nemadhatabhesi, kuwedzera kubatanidzwa kwesainzi yechisikigo neyemagariro, uye kushandiswa kweruzivo rwechivanhu kunovimbisa kuenderera mberi. Hapana mhinduro imwe chete; Kuedza kwakabudirira hakuwanzo kukurumidza kana kudhura uye kunoda kuvimba nekushandira pamwe. Zvakadaro, kutarisisa zvakanyanya pamhinduro uye kubudirira kunovabatsira kuti vave tsika kwete kusarudzika.

Fielding, S., Copley, JT uye Mills, RA (2019). Kuongorora Magungwa Edu: Kushandisa iyo Global Kirasi Kugadzira Ocean Literacy. Miganhu muMarine Science 6:340. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00340 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 334018450_Exploring_Our_Oceans_Using _the_Global_Classroom_to_Develop_ Ocean_Literacy

Kukudziridza ruzivo rwegungwa rwevanhu veese mazera kubva kune ese nyika, tsika, uye mamiriro ehupfumi kwakakosha kuzivisa sarudzo dzekugara kwakasimba mune ramangwana, asi nzira yekusvika nekumiririra manzwi akasiyana idambudziko. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri vanyori vakagadzira Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) kuti vape chishandiso chinogoneka kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi, sezvo vachigona kusvika nhamba huru dzevanhu kusanganisira avo vanobva kumatunhu akaderera neane mari yepakati.

Simmons, B., Archie, M., Clark, S., uye Braus, J. (2017). Nhungamiro dzeKunakisa: Kudyidzana Kwenharaunda. North American Association for Environmental Education. PDF. https://eepro.naaee.org/sites/default/files/ eepro-post-files/ community_engagement_guidelines_pdf.pdf

Iyo NAAEE yakaburitsa nhungamiro yenharaunda uye zviwanikwa zvinotsigira zvinopa ruzivo rwekuti vatungamiriri venharaunda vanogona kukura sei sevadzidzisi uye kuwedzera kusiyana. Gwaro rekuita nharaunda rinoti hunhu hushanu hwakakosha hwekubatikana kwakanaka kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvirongwa ndezvi: nharaunda-yakatarisana, zvichibva pane zvine hungwaru Dzidzo Yemamiriro ekunze, kudyidzana uye inosanganisirwa, yakanangana nekuvaka hunyanzvi uye chiitiko chevagari, uye ndeyekudyara kwenguva refu shanduko. Chirevo ichi chinopedzisa nezvimwe zvekuwedzera zvingave zvinobatsira kune vasiri vadzidzisi vanhu vari kutsvaga kuita zvakawanda kuti vabatane nenharaunda dzavanogara.

Steel, BS, Smith, C., Opsommer, L., Curiel, S., Warner-Steel, R. (2005). Public Ocean Literacy muUnited States. Ocean Coast. Manag. 2005, Vol. 48, 97–114. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 223767179_Public_ocean_literacy_in _the_United_States

Ichi chidzidzo chinoongorora mazinga azvino eruzivo rweveruzhinji maererano negungwa uye zvakare inoongorora kuwirirana kwekubata ruzivo. Kunyange vagari vemumhenderekedzo yegungwa vachiti vane ruzivo rwakanyanya kupfuura avo vanogara munzvimbo dzisiri dzemahombekombe, vese vari kumahombekombe uye vasiri vemahombekombe vakapindura vane dambudziko rekuona mazwi akakosha uye kupindura mibvunzo yemugungwa. Kudzikira kweruzivo pamusoro penyaya dzemunyanza kunoreva kuti veruzhinji vanoda kuwana ruzivo rwuri nani rwunounzwa nemazvo. Panyaya yemafambisirwo eruzivo, vaongorori vakawana kuti terevhizheni neredhiyo zvine simba rakaipa pakubata ruzivo uye internet ine pesvedzero yakanaka pakubata ruzivo.

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3. Kuchinja Kwemaitiro

3.1 Pfupiso

Thomas-Walters, L., McCallum, J., Montgomery, R., Petros, C., Wan, AKY, Veríssimo, D. (2022, September) Kuongorora kwakarongeka kwekupindira kwekuchengetedza kukurudzira kushanduka kwemaitiro ekuzvidira. Kuchengetedza Biology. doi: 10.1111/cobi.14000. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 363384308_Systematic_review _of_conservation_interventions_to_ promote_voluntary_behavior_change

Kunzwisisa maitiro emunhu kwakakosha pakuvandudza kupindira kunotungamira kune pro-environmental maitiro shanduko. Vanyori vakaita ongororo yakarongeka kuti vaone kuti inoshanda sei isiri-pecuniary uye isiri-yekutonga kupindira kwave kuri mukuchinja maitiro ezvakatipoteredza, nepamusoro pe300,000 marekodhi anotarisa pazvidzidzo zve128. Zvidzidzo zvizhinji zvakashuma chiitiko chakanaka uye vatsvakurudzi vakawana uchapupu hwakasimba hwokuti dzidzo, kukurudzira, uye kupindira kwemhinduro kunogona kuguma nekuchinja kwakanaka kwemaitiro, kunyange zvazvo kupindira kunobudirira kwakashandisa marudzi akawanda ekupindira mukati mepurogiramu imwe chete. Kupfuurirazve, iyi empirical data inoratidza kudikanwa kwezvidzidzo zvakawanda zvine data yehuwandu inodiwa kutsigira ndima iri kukura yekuchinja kwemaitiro ezvemamiriro ekunze.

Huckins, G. (2022, Nyamavhuvhu, 18). Iyo Psychology yekufemerwa uye Climate Action. Wired. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/ the-psychology-of-inspiring-everyday-climate-action.html

Ichi chinyorwa chinopa mucherechedzo wakafara wekuti sarudzo dzemunhu uye maitiro angabatsira sei mamiriro ekunze uye inotsanangura kuti kunzwisisa shanduko yemaitiro kunogona sei kukurudzira kuita. Izvi zvinoratidzira dambudziko rakakura umo ruzhinji rwevanhu vanoziva kutyisidzira kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunokonzerwa nevanhu, asi vashoma vanoziva zvavanogona kuita sevanhu kuzvideredza.

Tavri, P. (2021). Value action gap: chipingamupinyi chikuru mukusimudzira shanduko yemaitiro. Academia Letters, Chinyorwa 501. DOI:10.20935/AL501 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 350316201_Value_action_gap_a_ major_barrier_in_sustaining_behaviour_change

Pro-environmental behaviour shanduko yemabhuku (iyo ichiri diki kune mamwe minda yezvakatipoteredza) inoratidza kuti pane chipingamupinyi chinonzi "value action gap". Nemamwe manzwi, pane mukaha mukushandiswa kwedzidziso, sezvo dzidziso dzinowanzo fungidzira kuti vanhu vanhu vane njere vanoshandisa zvine hungwaru ruzivo rwakapihwa. Munyori anopedzisa nekupa zano rekuti kukosha kwekuita gaka ndechimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvikuru mukuenderera mberi nekuchinja kwemaitiro uye kuti zvakakosha kufunga nzira dzekunzvenga fungidziro nekusaziva kwakawanda pakutanga pakugadzira kutaurirana, kubatikana, uye kugadzirisa maturusi ekuchinja maitiro.

Balmford, A., Bradbury, RB, Bauer, JM, Broad, S. . . Nielsen, KS (2021). Kuita zvakanyanya kushandisa zvinobudirira zvesainzi yehunhu mukupindira kwekuchengetedza. Biological Kuchengetedzwa, 261, 109256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109256 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 353175141_Making_more_effective _use_of_human_behavioural_science_in _conservation_interventions

Kuchengetedza ibasa guru rekuedza kusandura maitiro evanhu. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti vanyori vanopikisa kuti sayenzi yehutsika haisi sirivha yekuchengetedza uye dzimwe shanduko dzinogona kuva dzine mwero, dzenguva pfupi, uye dzinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, asi shanduko inogona kuitika, kunyange kutsvakurudza kwakawanda kuchidiwa. Ruzivo urwu runonyanya kubatsira kune avo vanogadzira zvirongwa zvitsva zvinotarisisa shanduko yehunhu sezvo marongero uye kunyangwe mifananidzo iri mugwaro rino inopa gwara rakananga rezvikamu zvitanhatu zvakarongwa zvekusarudza, kuita, uye kuongorora mapindiro ekuchinja maitiro ekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.

Gravert, C. uye Nobel, N. (2019). Applied Behavioral Science: An Introduction Guide. Zvisina simba. PDF.

Iyi sumo yesainzi yekuzvibata inopa yakajairika mamiriro emumunda, ruzivo rwehuropi hwemunhu, magadzirirwo anoitwa ruzivo, uye zvakajairika cognitive kurerekera. Vanyori vanopa muenzaniso wekuita sarudzo dzevanhu kugadzira shanduko yemaitiro. Gwaro rinopa ruzivo rwevaverengi kuti vaongorore kuti sei vanhu vasingaite zvakafanira kune zvakatipoteredza uye kuti kusarura kunotadzisa sei kuchinja kwehunhu. Mapurojekiti anofanirwa kuve akapusa uye akatwasanuka aine zvibodzwa nemidziyo yekuzvipira - zvese zvakakosha izvo izvo zviri munyika yekuchengetedza zvinoda kutariswa kana vachiedza kuita kuti vanhu vabatane nemamiriro ekunze.

Wynes, S. naNicholas, K. (2017, Chikunguru). Mhepo yekudzikisa mamiriro ekunze: dzidzo uye kurudziro yehurumende inopotsa zviito zvinonyanya kushanda zvemunhu. Tsvakurudzo yeZvirongwa Tsamba, Vol. 12, No. 7 DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 318353145_The_climate_mitigation _gap_Education_and_government_ recommendations_miss_the_most_effective _individual_actions

Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukonzera kukanganisa nharaunda. Vanyori vanotarisa kuti vanhu vangatora sei matanho kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Vanyori vanokurudzira kuti zviito zvakakwirira uye zvishoma zvinobudiswa zviitwe, kunyanya: kuva nemwana mushoma, rarama pasina motokari, kudzivisa kufamba nendege, uye kudya kudya kwezvirimwa. Kunyange zvazvo mazano aya achiita seakanyanyisa kune vamwe, anga ari musimboti wehurukuro dzazvino dzekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye maitiro emunhu. Ichi chinyorwa chinobatsira kune avo vari kutsvaga ruzivo rwakadzama nezvedzidzo uye zviito zvemunhu.

Schultz, PW, uye FG Kaiser. (2012). Kukurudzira maitiro anotsigira kwezvakatipoteredza. Mukudhinda muna S. Clayton, mupepeti. Handbook yezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedza psychology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 365789168_The_Oxford_Handbook _of_Environmental_and _Conservation_Psychology

Conservation psychology ibasa rinokura rinotarisa pamhedzisiro yemafungiro evanhu, maitiro, uye maitiro pakugara zvakanaka kwezvakatipoteredza. Iri bhuku rekushandisa rinopa tsananguro yakajeka uye tsananguro yezvepfungwa dzekuchengetedza pamwe nehurongwa hwekushandisa dzidziso dzekuchengetedza psychology kune akasiyana ongororo yezvidzidzo nemapurojekiti emunda anoshanda. Gwaro iri rinonyanya kushanda kune vadzidzi nenyanzvi vari kutsvaga kugadzira zvirongwa zvezvakatipoteredza zvinosanganisira vanobata-bata uye nharaunda dzemunharaunda kwenguva refu.

Schultz, W. (2011). Kuchengetedza Kunoreva Kuchinja Kwemaitiro. Kuchengetedza Biology, Bhuku 25, Nhamba 6, 1080-1083. Society for Conservation Biology DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01766.x https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 51787256_Conservation_Means_Behavior

Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kazhinji kune huwandu hwepamusoro hwekunetsekana kwevanhu nezvenyaya dzezvakatipoteredza, zvisinei, hapasati paine shanduko dzinoshamisa muzviito zvemunhu kana maitiro akapararira. Munyori anopikisa kuti kuchengetedza ivavariro inogona kuwanikwa chete nekupfuura dzidzo nekuziva kuti uchinje maitiro uye anopedzisa nekutaura kuti "kuedza kuchengetedza kunotungamirwa nemasayendisiti echisikigo kungashandiswe zvakanaka kubatanidza masayendisiti emagariro uye maitiro" ayo anopfuura nyore. mishandirapamwe yedzidzo nekuzivisa vanhu.

Dietz, T., G. Gardner, J. Gilligan, P. Stern, uye M. Vandenbergh. (2009). Zviito zvemumba zvinogona kupa maitiro ekuderedza nekukasira kuburitsa kabhoni yeUS. Nyaya dzeNational Academy yeSainzi 106:18452–18456. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 38037816_Household_Actions_Can _Provide_a_Behavioral_Wedge_to_Rapidly _Reduce_US_Carbon_Emissions

Kubva kare, kwave nekusimbiswa kwezviito zvevanhu nedzimba kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, uye chinyorwa ichi chinotarisa huchokwadi hwemashoko iwayo. Vatsvakurudzi vanoshandisa maitiro ekuzvibata kuongorora 17 kupindira kwevanhu vanogona kutora kuderedza kabhoni yavo. Kupindira kunosanganisira asi hakugumiri ku: kushambidzika kwemamiriro ekunze, mvura inoyerera yakaderera, mota dzisingadyi mafuta, magadzirirwo emotokari enguva dzose, kuomesa mitsara, uye kufambisa motokari/kuchinja rwendo. Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kushandiswa kwenyika kwezvipindiro izvi zvinogona kuchengetedza mamiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri nematatu ematani emakabhoni pagore kana 123% yekubuda kwenyika yeUS, pasina kukanganisa kugarika kwemhuri.

Clayton, S., uye G. Myers (2015). Conservation psychology: kunzwisisa uye kusimudzira kutarisira kwevanhu kune zvakasikwa, yechipiri edition. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey. ISBN: 978-1-118-87460-8 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 330981002_Conservation_psychology _Understanding_and_promoting_human_care _for_nature

Clayton naMyers vanoona vanhu sechikamu chezvipenyu zvechisikigo uye vanoongorora nzira iyo psychology inopesvedzera ruzivo rwemunhu mune zvakasikwa, pamwe neanogadziriswa uye madhorobha. Iro bhuku pacharo rinopinda mune zvakadzama pamusoro pedzidziso dzekuchengetedza psychology, rinopa mienzaniso, uye rinopa nzira dzekuwedzera kutarisirwa kwechisikigo nenharaunda. Chinangwa chebhuku ndechekunzwisisa kuti vanhu vanofunga sei nezve, ruzivo, uye kudyidzana nemasikirwo izvo zvakakosha mukusimudzira kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza pamwe nekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu.

Darnton, A. (2008, Chikunguru). Chirevo cheReferensi: Mhedziso yeMaitiro Ekuchinja Mamodheru uye Mashandisiro Awo. GSR Behaviour Change Knowledge Ongororo. Hurumende Tsvakurudzo Yemagariro. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 254787539_Reference_Report_ An_overview_of_behaviour_change_models _and_their_uses

Chirevo ichi chinotarisa musiyano pakati pemienzaniso yemaitiro uye dzidziso dzekuchinja. Gwaro iri rinopa mhedziso yefungidziro dzehupfumi, maitiro, uye zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopesvedzera maitiro, uye rinotsanangurawo kushandiswa kwemaitiro ehunhu, mareferensi ekunzwisisa shanduko, uye rinopedzisa negwara rekushandisa maitiro ehunhu ane dzidziso dzekuchinja. Indekisi yaDarnton kune Featured Models uye Theories inoita kuti chinyorwa ichi chiwanikwe kune avo vatsva kunzwisisa shanduko yehunhu.

Thrash, T., Moldovan, E., uye Oleynick, V. (2014) The Psychology of Inspiration. Zvemagariro uye Hunhu Psychology Compass Vol. 8, Nhamba 9. DOI:10.1111/spc3.12127. https://www.researchgate.net/journal/Social-and-Personality-Psychology-Compass-1751-9004

Vatsvagiri vakabvunza mukunzwisisa kwekurudziro sechinhu chakakosha chekusimudzira chiito. Vanyori vanotanga vatsanangura kurudziro zvichibva pakuongorora kwemabhuku ekubatanidza uye kutsanangura nzira dzakasiyana. Chechipiri, vanoongorora zvinyorwa pamusoro pekuvaka kutendeseka uye dzidziso huru uye zvakawanikwa, vachisimbisa basa rekurudziro mukusimudzira kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvisingaite. Chekupedzisira, ivo vanopindura kumibvunzo yakajairika uye zvisiri izvo pamusoro pekurudziro uye vanopa kurudziro nezve nzira yekusimudzira kukurudzira mune vamwe kana iwe pachako.

Uzzell, DL 2000. The psycho-spatial dimension yematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza pasi rose. Nyaya yeEnvironment Psychology. 20: 307-318. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 223072457_The_psycho-spatial_dimension_of_global_ environmental_problems

Zvidzidzo zvakaitwa muAustralia, England, Ireland, uye Slovakia. Mhedzisiro yechidzidzo chega chega inogara ichiratidzira kuti vanopindura havangokwanisi kufunga matambudziko padanho repasi rose, asi mhedzisiro yenzvimbo inopesana inowanikwa zvekuti matambudziko ezvemamiriro ekunze anoonekwa seakanyanya kuoma kana ari kure neanozviona. Hukama hwakasiyana hwakawanikwawo pakati pekunzwa kwemutoro kumatambudziko ezvakatipoteredza uye chiyero chepakati chinokonzeresa manzwiro ekushaya simba padanho repasi rose. Pepa racho rinopedzisa nehurukuro yezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvepfungwa uye maonero ayo anozivisa kuongorora kwemunyori nezvematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza pasi rose.

3.2 Chikumbiro

Cusa, M., Falcão, L., De Jesus, J. et al. (2021). Hove dziri kunze kwemvura: kusaziva kwevatengi kutaridzika kwemhando dzehove dzekutengesa. Sustain Sci Vol. 16, 1313–1322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00932-z. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 350064459_Fish_out_of_water_ consumers’_unfamiliarity_with_the_ appearance_of_commercial_fish_species

Mapepa ezvekudya zvemugungwa anoita basa rakakosha mukubatsira vatengi mukutenga zvigadzirwa zvehove uye kukurudzira kubata hove kwakadzikama. Vanyori vakadzidza vanhu 720 munyika nhanhatu dzeEurope uye vakaona kuti vatengi vekuEurope havanzwisisi chitarisiko chehove dzavanodya, nevatengi vekuBritain vanoita varombo uye vekuSpain vanoita zvakanyanya. Vakawana kukosha kwetsika kana hove dzikabata, kureva kuti, kana imwe mhando yehove ichikosha patsika yaizoonekwa pamwero wepamusoro pane dzimwe hove dzinowanikwa. Vanyori vanopokana kuti kujeka kwemusika wegungwa kucharamba kwakavhurika kune zvisizvo kudzamara vatengi vawedzera kubatanidza kune chikafu chavo.

Sánchez-Jiménez, A., MacMillan, D., Wolff, M., Schlüter, A., Fujitani, M., (2021). Kukosha Kwezvakakosha Mukufanotaura uye Kukurudzira Maitiro Ezvakatipoteredza: Mafungiro Kubva kuCosta Rican Diki-Scale Hove, Miganhu muMarine Science, 10.3389/fmars.2021.543075, 8, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 349589441_The_Importance_of_ Values_in_Predicting_and_Encouraging _Environmental_Behavior_Reflections _From_a_Costa_Rican_Small-Scale_Fishery

Mumamiriro ezvinhu ehove diki, kubata hove kusingagoneki kuri kukanganisa kutendeseka kwenharaunda dzemahombekombe uye zvipenyu. Chidzidzo ichi chakatarisa kupindira kwekuchinja maitiro nevabati vehove dzegillnet muGulf yeNicoya, Costa Rica, kuenzanisa zvakatangira zvemaitiro epro-environmental pakati pevatori vechikamu vakagamuchira kupindira kwe ecosystem. Maitiro emunhu uye tsika zvaive zvakakosha mukutsanangura tsigiro yemaitiro ekutarisira, pamwe nehunhu hwekuredza (semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yekuredza). Tsvagiridzo iyi inoratidza kukosha kwekupindira kwedzidzo kunodzidzisa nezve kukonzeresa kwekuredza mune ecosystem ichibatsira vatori vechikamu kuti vazvione sevanokwanisa kuita zviito.

McDonald, G., Wilson, M., Verissimo, D., Twohey, R., Clemence, M., Apistar, D., Box, S., Butler, P., et al. (2020). Catalyzing Sustainable Fisheries Management Kuburikidza neBehaviour Change Interventions. Conservation Biology, Vol. 34, No. 5 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13475 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 339009378_Catalyzing_ sustainable_fisheries_management_though _behavior_change_interventions

Vanyori vakatsvaga kuti vanzwisise kuti kushambadzira kwesocial kungawedzera sei maonero ekutungamira mabhenefiti uye mitsva yemagariro. Vatsvagiri vakaita ongororo yekuona pasi pemvura kuti vaverenge mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza uye nekuita ongororo dzemhuri munzvimbo makumi mana neimwe muBrazil, Indonesia, nePhilippine. Vakaona kuti nharaunda dzaive dzichigadzira magariro matsva uye kubata hove zvakachengetedzeka kusati kwaitwa mabhenefiti enguva refu ezvemamiriro ekunze uye nehupfumi hwemagariro ekubata hove. Nokudaro, vatungamiri vehove vanofanira kuita zvakawanda kuti vatarise zviitiko zvenguva refu munharaunda uye kugadzirisa zvirongwa kuti zvienderane nenzvimbo zvichienderana nehupenyu hwemagariro evanhu.

Valauri-Orton, A. (2018). Kushandura Boarter Behaviour Kudzivirira Seagrass: A Toolkit Yekugadzira neKuita Mushandirapamwe Wekuchinja Maitiro eSeagrass Kukuvadza Kudzivirira. Iyo Ocean Foundation. PDF. https://oceanfdn.org/calculator/kits-for-boaters/

Zvisinei nekuedza kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwehuswa hwemugungwa, mavanga euswa hwemugungwa nekuda kwezviitiko zvevafambisi vezvikepe kunoramba kuri kutyisidzira. Chirevo ichi chine chinangwa chekupa nzira dzakanakisa dzemashambadziro ekuchinja maitiro nekupa nhanho-ne-nhanho chirongwa chekuita chirongwa chinosimbisa kukosha kwekupa mamiriro enzvimbo, uchishandisa yakajeka, yakapfava, uye inogoneka meseji, uye kushandisa dzidziso dzekuchinja maitiro. Chirevo ichi chinotora kubva pabasa rakapfuura rakanangana nekufambisa kwechikepe pamwe nekuchengetedza kwakakura uye shanduko yekuchinja mafambiro ekufambisa. Iyo kiti yezvishandiso inosanganisira dhizaini yemuenzaniso uye inopa chaiyo dhizaini uye ongororo zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa zvakare nekudzokororwa nemamaneja ezviwanikwa kuti zvienderane nezvavanoda. Ichi chishandiso chakagadzirwa muna 2016 uye chakagadziridzwa muna 2018.

Costanzo, M., D. Archer, E. Aronson, naT. Pettigrew. 1986. Simba rekuchengetedza maitiro: nzira yakaoma kubva kune ruzivo kuenda kune chiito. American Psychologist 41:521–528.

Mushure mekuona maitiro evamwe vanhu vanotora matanho ekuchengetedza simba, vanyori vakagadzira modhi yekuongorora pfungwa dzepfungwa dzinoreva kuti sarudzo dzemunhu dzinoita sei ruzivo. Vakaona kuti kuvimbika kwekwakabva ruzivo, kunzwisisa kweshoko, uye kujeka kwegakava rekuchengetedza simba ndiyo yakanyanya mukana wekuona shanduko dzinoshanda apo munhu achatora chiito chakakosha kuisa kana kushandisa midziyo yekuchengetedza. Kunyange zvazvo iri simba rinotarisa-panzvimbo pegungwa kana kunyange zvisikwa, yakanga iri imwe yezvidzidzo zvekutanga pamusoro pemaitiro ekuchengetedza anoratidza nzira iyo munda wafambira mberi nhasi.

3.3 Tsitsi Dzinobva Pazvakasikwa

Yasué, M., Kockel, A., Dearden, P. (2022). The Psychological impacts of community-based protected areas, Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 10.1002/aqc.3801, Vol. 32, Nhamba 6, 1057-1072 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 359316538_The_psychological_impacts_ of_community-based_protected_areas

Vanyori Yasué, Kockel, naDearden vakatarisa mhedzisiro yenguva refu yemaitiro eavo vari pedyo neMPAs. Chidzidzo ichi chakawana kuti vakapindura munharaunda dzine maMPA ezera repakati nepakati vakaratidza huwandu hwakawanda hweMPA ​​yakanaka mhedzisiro. Kupfuurirazve, vakapindura kubva kuzera repakati nepakati nevakuru veMPA vaive nezvikonzero zvishoma zvisiri zvekuzvimiririra zvekuita mukutonga kweMPA ​​uye vaive nehunhu hwepamusoro hwekuzvipfuudza, sekutarisira zvisikwa. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti maMPA akavakirwa munharaunda anogona kukurudzira shanduko yepfungwa munharaunda senge kukurudzira kukuru kwekutarisira zvisikwa uye nekusimudzira hunhu hwekuzvisimudzira, zvese zvinogona kutsigira kuchengetedza.

Lehnen, L., Arbieu, U., Böhning-Gaese, K., Díaz, S., Glikman, J., Mueller, T., (2022). Kufunga patsva hukama hwemunhu nenhengo dzezvakasikwa, Vanhu uye Zvakasikwa, 10.1002/pan3.10296, Vol. 4, Nhamba 3, 596-611. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 357831992_Rethinking_individual _relationships_with_entities_of_nature

Kuziva mutsauko muhukama hwevanhu nehunhu munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, masangano echisikigo, uye vanhu vega ndivo musimboti wekutonga kwakaenzana kwechisikigo uye mipiro yazvo kuvanhu uye kugadzira nzira dzinoshanda dzekukurudzira nekutungamira hunhu hwakasimba hwevanhu. Vatsvagiri vanopokana kuti tichifunga nezvemaonero emunhu- uye masangano, ipapo basa rekuchengetedza rinogona kuve rakaenzana, kunyanya munzira dzekutonga mabhenefiti uye zvinokuvadza vanhu zvinobva kune zvakasikwa, uye kubatsira kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro anoshanda ekuenzanisa maitiro evanhu nekuchengetedza uye. zvibodzwa zvekusimudzira.

Fox N, Marshall J, Dankel DJ. (2021, Chivabvu). Ocean Literacy uye Surfing: Kunzwisisa Maitiro Ekudyidzana muCoastal Ecosystems Inozivisa Blue Space Mushandisi Kuziva kweGungwa. Int J Maererano neHurumende yeHurumende. Vol. 18 No.11, 5819. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115819. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 351962054_Ocean_Literacy _and_Surfing_Understanding_How_Interactions _in_Coastal_Ecosystems _Inform_Blue_Space_ User%27s_Awareness_of_the_Ocean

Ichi chidzidzo chevatori vechikamu 249 chakaunganidza zvese zvemhando uye dhata yakanangana nevashandisi vegungwa rekunakidzwa, kunyanya vafambi, uye kuti zviitiko zvavo zvemudenga rebhuruu zvingazivisa sei kunzwisiswa kwemaitiro enyanza uye kubatana kwevanhu negungwa. Iyo Ocean Literacy Principles yakashandiswa kuongorora ruzivo rwemugungwa kuburikidza nekudyidzana kwekusevha kukudziridza kumwe kunzwisiswa kwezviitiko zvemasurfer, uchishandisa iyo yemagariro-ecological masisitimu masisitimu kuenzanisira mhedzisiro yekusevha. Mhedzisiro yakawana kuti masurfer zvechokwadi anogashira mabhenefiti ekudzidza kwemugungwa, kunyanya matatu kubva paanomwe Ocean Literacy Principles, uye kuti kudzidza kwegungwa kunobatsira zvakananga vazhinji vanofamba muboka remuenzaniso vanogashira.

Blythe, J., Baird, J., Bennett, N., Dale, G., Nash, K., Pickering, G., Wabnitz, C. (2021, Kurume 3). Kukurudzira Kunzwira tsitsi kweOcean Kuburikidza Neramangwana Mamiriro. Vanhu Nezvakasikwa. 3:1284–1296. DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10253. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 354368024_Fostering_ocean_empathy _through_future_scenarios

Kunzwira tsitsi kune zvakasikwa kunoonekwa sechinhu chinodiwa pakudyidzana kwakasimba neiyo biosphere. Mushure mekupa pfupiso yedzidziso yekunzwira tsitsi kwegungwa uye zvingangoita mhedzisiro yezviito kana kusaita maererano neramangwana renyanza, inonzi scenarios, vanyori vakafunga kuti mamiriro ekusavimbika akakonzera hukuru hwekunzwira tsitsi zvichienzaniswa nemamiriro etarisiro. Ichi chidzidzo chinocherechedzwa mukuti chinoratidza kudzikira kwemazinga etsitsi (kudzokera kune pre-test mazinga) mwedzi mitatu chete mushure mekupihwa kwemakungwa zvidzidzo zvetsitsi. Nokudaro, kuva anobudirira munguva refu kupfuura zvidzidzo zviri nyore zvinodzidzisa zvinodiwa.

Sunassee, A.; Bokhoree, C.; Patrizio, A. (2021). Tsitsi dzeVadzidzi kune Zvakatipoteredza kuburikidza neEco-Art Nzvimbo-Yakavakirwa Dzidzo. Ecologies 2021, 2, 214–247. DOI:10.3390/ecologies2030014. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 352811810_A_Designed_Eco-Art_and_Place-Based_Curriculum_Encouraging_Students%27 _Empathy_for_the_Environment

Chidzidzo ichi chakatarisa kuti vadzidzi vanodyidzana sei nechisikigo, chii chinokanganisa zvinotendwa nemudzidzi uye kuti maitiro anokanganiswa sei, uye kuti zviito zvevadzidzi zvinokanganiswa sei zvinogona kupa kunzwisisa kwakawedzera kuti vangabatsira sei zvine musoro kuzvinangwa zvepasi rose. Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaive chekuongorora mapepa ekutsvagisa dzidzo akaburitswa munharaunda yedzidzo yehunyanzvi hwezvemamiriro ekunze kuti vawane chinhu chine mugumisiro mukuru uye kuvheneka mabatsiriro avangaita kuvandudza matanho anenge aitwa. Zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti tsvakiridzo yakadai inogona kubatsira kuvandudza dzidzo yehunyanzvi hwezvakatipoteredza zvichienderana nekuita uye kutora matambudziko ekutsvagisa mune ramangwana.

Michael J. Manfredo, Tara L. Teel, Richard EW Berl, Jeremy T. Bruskotter, Shinobu Kitayama, Social value shift in favour of biodiversity conservation in the United States, Nature Sustainability, 10.1038/s41893-020-00655-6, 4, 4, (323-330), (2020).

Ongororo iyi yakawana kuti kuwedzera kusimbisirwa kwetsika dzemusango (kuona mhuka dzesango sechikamu chenharaunda yemagariro uye yakakodzera kodzero seyavanhu) kwaiperekedzwa nekudzikira kwehunhu hunosimbisa hutongi (kubata mhuka dzesango sezviwanikwa zvichashandiswa kubatsira vanhu), muitiro unoenderera mberi. zvinoonekwa mumuchinjikwa-generational cohort analysis. Chidzidzo chacho chakawanawo hukama hwakasimba pakati pehutsika-yepamusoro-soro uye maitiro ekugadzirisa maguta, kubatanidza kuchinja kune macro-level socioeconomic factors. Mibairo inoratidza mibairo yakanaka pakuchengetedza asi kugona kwemunda kuchinjika kuchave kwakakosha pakuona izvo zvabuda.

Lotze, HK, Muenzi, H., O'Leary, J., Tuda, A., uye Wallace, D. (2018). Maonero everuzhinji ekutyisidzira kwemugungwa uye kuchengetedzwa kubva pasirese. Ocean Coast. Manage. 152, 14–22. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.11.004. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 321274396_Public_perceptions_of_marine _threats_and_protection_from_around_the _world

Ichi chidzidzo chinofananidza ongororo yemaonero everuzhinji nezvekutyisidzirwa kwemakungwa uye kuchengetedzwa kunosanganisira vanopfuura zviuru makumi matatu nezviviri vakapindura munyika dze32,000. Migumisiro inoratidza kuti 21% yevakabvunzwa vanotenda kuti nharaunda yegungwa iri mungozi kubva kune zviitiko zvevanhu, asi, 70% chete yaifunga kuti hutano hwegungwa hwaive husina kunaka kana kutyisidzirwa. Vakapindura vakaramba vakaisa nyaya dzekusvibiswa kwemamiriro ekunze sedambudziko guru, richiteverwa nekubata hove, kuchinjwa kwenzvimbo, uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Nezve kuchengetedzwa kwegungwa, 15% yevakapindura vanotsigira MPAs mudunhu ravo, neimwe nzira yakanyanya kufungidzira nzvimbo yegungwa yakachengetedzwa parizvino. Gwaro iri rinonyanya kushanda kune mamaneja emugungwa, vanogadzira mitemo, vanochengetedza, uye vadzidzisi kuvandudza manejimendi emugungwa uye zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza.

Martin, VY, Weiler, B., Reis, A., Dimmock, K., & Scherrer, P. (2017). 'Kuita chinhu chakanaka': Sayenzi yezvemagariro inogona kubatsira sei kukurudzira shanduko yemaitiro ezvakatipoteredza munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemugungwa. Marine Policy, 81, 236-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.04.001 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 316034159_’Doing_the_right_thing’ _How_social_science_can_help_foster_pro-environmental_behaviour_change_in_marine _protected_areas

Mamaneja eMPAs ataura kuti vanobatwa pakati pezvinokwikwidza zvinokurudzira maitiro akanaka evashandisi kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvipenyu zvemugungwa uku vachibvumira kushandiswa kwekunakidzwa. Kugadzirisa izvi vanyori vanopokana nezvemaitiro ekuchinja maitiro ekudzikisa maitiro edambudziko muMPAs uye kubatsira mukuedza kuchengetedza. Chinyorwa chinopa hutsva hwedzidziso uye hunoshanda humbowo hwekuti vangabatsire sei MPA manejimendi kunanga uye kuchinja maitiro chaiwo anozopedzisira atsigira marine park values.

A De Young, R. (2013). "Environmental Psychology Overview." Muna Ann H. Huffman & Stephanie Klein [Eds.] Green Masangano: Driving Shanduko neIO Psychology. Pp. 17-33. NY: Routledge. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 259286195_Environmental_Psychology_ Overview

Environmental psychology inzvimbo yekudzidza inoongorora hukama pakati penzvimbo uye maitiro evanhu, cognition, uye maitiro. Chitsauko chebhuku chino chinotarisa zvakadzama nezve psychology yezvakatipoteredza inofukidza kudyidzana kwevanhu nenharaunda uye zvazvinoreva mukukurudzira maitiro ane musoro pasi pekuedza kwezvakatipoteredza nemagariro. Kunyange zvisina kutariswa zvakanangana nenyaya dzemugungwa izvi zvinobatsira kuseta nhanho yezvidzidzo zvakadzama mune zvemagariro psychology.

McKinley, E., Fletcher, S. (2010). Mutoro wega wega wemakungwa? Ongororo yeugari hwemugungwa nevashandi veku UK marine. Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 53, Nhamba 7,379-384. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 245123669_Individual_responsibility _for_the_oceans_An_evaluation_of_marine _citizenship_by_UK_marine_practitioners

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kutonga kwenharaunda yegungwa kwakashanduka kubva pakunyanya kubva kumusoro-pasi uye kutungamirirwa nehurumende kuenda kune kunyanya kutora chikamu uye nharaunda. Bepa rino rinokurudzira kuti kuwedzera kwemaitiro aya kunoratidza pfungwa yenharaunda yeugari hwemugungwa kuti ive nekutonga kwakasimba nekuchengetedza nharaunda yegungwa kuburikidza nekuwedzera kubatanidzwa kwemunhu mukugadzira nekuita mitemo. Pakati pevashandi vemugungwa, kuwanda kwevagari vemo mukutarisira nharaunda yegungwa kungabatsira zvakanyanya nharaunda yegungwa, nezvimwe zvikomborero zvinogoneka kuburikidza nekuwedzera pfungwa yekuva vagari vemugungwa.

Zelezny, LC & Schultz, PW (eds.). 2000. Kukurudzira kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvinyorwa zveMagariro Evanhu 56, 3, 365-578. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00172 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 227686773_Psychology _of_Promoting_Environmentalism_ Promoting_Environmentalism

Iyi nyaya yeJournal yeSocial Issues inotarisa pane psychology, sociology, uye veruzhinji mutemo wepasi rose nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza. Zvinangwa zvenyaya iyi (1) kutsanangura mamiriro azvino kwezvakatipoteredza uye kwezvakatipoteredza, (2) kupa dzidziso itsva netsvagiridzo pamusoro pemaitiro nemaitiro ezvakatipoteredza, uye (3) kuongorora zvipingamupinyi uye kufunga kwetsika mukusimudzira pro-zvakatipoteredza. chiito.

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4. dzidzo

4.1 STEM uye Ocean

National Oceanic uye Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (2020). Ocean Kuverenga: Iwo Akakosha Misimboti uye Akakosha Mafungiro eOcean Sayenzi yeVadzidzi veMazera Ese. Washington, DC. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/ literacy.html

Kunzwisisa gungwa kwakakosha kuti tinzwisise nekudzivirira pasi rino ratiri kurarama tese. Chinangwa cheOcean Literacy Campaign chaive chekugadzirisa kushaikwa kwezvinhu zvine chekuita negungwa mumatunhu nesainzi dzidzo zviyero, zvekudzidzisa, uye ongororo.

4.2 Zvishandiso zveK-12 Vadzidzisi

Payne, D., Halversen, C., uye Schoedinger, SE (2021, Chikunguru). Bhuku reKuwedzera Kudzidza kweOnzian yeVadzidzisi neOcean Literacy Advocates. National Marine Educators Association. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 363157493_A_Handbook_for_ Increasing_Ocean_Literacy_Tools_for _Educators_and_Ocean_Literacy_Advocates

Bhuku rino rekushandisa igwaro rekuti vadzidzisi vadzidzise, ​​vadzidze, uye vataurire pamusoro pegungwa. Kunyange zvakamboitirwa vadzidzisi vemukirasi uye vadzidzisi vasina kurongeka kuti vashandise zvinhu zvekudzidzisa, zvirongwa, zviratidziro, uye kusimudzira zviitiko muUnited States, zviwanikwa izvi zvinogona kushandiswa chero munhu, chero kupi, anotsvaka kuwedzera ruzivo rwemugungwa. Inosanganisirwa makumi maviri nemasere epfungwa yekuyerera dhayagiramu yeOcean Literacy Scope uye Sequence yeMagiredhi K-28.

Tsai, Liang-Ting (2019, Gumiguru). Multilevel Mhedzisiro yeVadzidzi neChikoro Zvinhu paVadzidzi veChikoro Chepamusoro Vadzidzi 'Ocean Literacy. Sustainability Vol. 11 DOI: 10.3390/su11205810.

Chakanyanya kuwanikwa pachidzidzo ichi ndechekuti kuvadzidzi vechikoro chesekondari muTaiwan, zvinhu zvega zvega ndizvo zvinonyanya kufambisa ruzivo rwegungwa. Nemamwe manzwi, nhanho dzevadzidzi dzakaita chikamu chakakura chekusiyana kwese mugungwa rekuverenga kwevadzidzi pane zvakaitwa padanho rechikoro. Nekudaro, kuwanda kwekuverenga mabhuku egungwa-themed kana magazini aive akafanofungidzira ekuverenga nekunyora kwegungwa, nepo, padanho rechikoro, dunhu rechikoro nenzvimbo yechikoro ndizvo zvaive zvakakosha pakupesvedzera ruzivo rwegungwa.

National Marine Educators Association. (2010). Ocean Literacy Scope uye Sequence yeMagiredhi K-12. Iyo Ocean Literacy Campaign Inosanganisira iyo Ocean Literacy Scope & Sequence yeMagiredhi K-12, NMEA. https://www.marine-ed.org/ocean-literacy/scope-and-sequence

Iyo Ocean Literacy Scope uye Sequence yeMagiredhi K–12 chishandiso chekuraira chinopa nhungamiro kuvadzidzisi kubatsira vadzidzi vavo kuwana kunzwisisa kuzere kwegungwa munzira dzinogara dzakaoma mukati memakore ekufunga, dzidziso yesainzi inowirirana.

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5. Kusiyana, Kuenzana, Kubatanidzwa, uye Kururamisa

Adams, L., Bintiff, A., Jannke, H., uye Kacez, D. (2023). UC San Diego undergraduates uye Ocean Discovery Institute vanobatana kugadzira chirongwa chekutyaira mukurairidza kunoenderana netsika. Oceanography, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.104. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 366767133_UC_San_Diego _Undergraduates_and_the_Ocean_ Discovery_Institute_Collaborate_to_ Form_a_Pilot_Program_in_Culturally_ Responsive_Mentoring

Pane kushaikwa kwakakomba kwekusiyana kwesainzi yegungwa. Imwe nzira iyo izvi zvinogona kuvandudzwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwedzidziso inoteera tsika uye maitiro ekupa mazano muK-yunivhesiti pombi. Muchinyorwa chino, vaongorori vanotsanangura mhedzisiro yavo yekutanga uye zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa kubva kuchirongwa chekutyaira chekudzidzisa boka rakasiyana siyana revadzidzi vari mutsika nemagariro ekuraira maitiro uye nekupa mikana yekuti vashandise hunyanzvi hwavo hwavachangobva kuwana nevadzidzi veK-12. Izvi zvinotsigira pfungwa yekuti vadzidzi kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvavo zvepasati vapedza kudzidza vanogona kuve vamiriri venharaunda uye kune avo vanomhanyisa zvirongwa zvesainzi yegungwa kukoshesa kusiyana nekubatanidzwa mukutariswa kana vachishanda muzvirongwa zvesainzi yegungwa.

Worm, B., Elliff, C., Fonseca, J., Gell, F., Serra Gonçalves, A. Helder, N., Murray, K., Peckham, S., Prelovec, L., Sink, K. ( 2023, Kurume). Kuita kuti Ocean Literacy Isanganisire uye Iwanikwe. Ethics muSainzi uye Zvemamiriro ekunze Politics DOI: 10.3354/esep00196. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 348567915_Making_Ocean _Literacy_Inclusive_and_Accessible

Vanyori vanopokana kuti kupinda munyaya dzesainzi dzemugungwa kwagara kuri rombo revanhu vashoma vane mukana wekuwana dzidzo yepamusoro, michina yehunyanzvi, uye mari yekutsvagisa. Zvakadaro, mapoka echivanhu, hunyanzvi hwemweya, vashandisi vemakungwa, uye mamwe mapoka akatobatikana zvakadzama nenyanza anogona kupa maonero akasiyana ekupfumisa pfungwa yekudzidza kwegungwa kupfuura kunzwisisa kwesainzi yegungwa. Vanyori vanoratidza kuti kubatanidzwa kwakadaro kunogona kubvisa zvipingamupinyi zvenhoroondo zvakatenderedza munda, kushandura ruzivo rwedu rwese uye hukama negungwa, uye kubatsira kutsigira zvinoramba zvichiedza kudzoreredza zvipenyu zvemugungwa.

Zelezny, LC; Chua, PP; Aldrich, C. Nzira Itsva dzekufunga NezveEnvironment: Kutsanangudza pamusoro peMusiyano weGender in Environmentalism. J. Soc. Zvinyorwa 2000, 56, 443–457. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 227509139_New_Ways_of_Thinking _about_Environmentalism_Elaborating_on _Gender_Differences_in_Environmentalism

Vanyori vakaona kuti mushure mekuongorora makore gumi ekutsvakurudza (1988-1998) pamusoro pekusiyana kwevakadzi mumafungiro ezvakatipoteredza uye maitiro, zvinopesana nekusawirirana kwakapfuura, mufananidzo wakajeka wakabuda: vakadzi vanorondedzera maitiro akasimba ezvakatipoteredza uye maitiro kupfuura varume.

Bennett, N., Teh, L., Ota, Y., Christie, P., Ayers, A., nevamwe. (2017). Kukwidzwa kwebumbiro remitemo rekuchengetedza gungwa, Marine Policy, Bhuku 81, Mapeji 411-418, ISSN 0308-597X, DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.035 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 316937934_An_appeal_for _a_code_of_conduct_for_marine_conservation

Zviito zvekuchengetedza mugungwa, nepo zvine vavariro yakanaka, hazvibatirwe kune imwe nzira yekutonga kana dare rekutonga, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kumutsauko wakakura muchiyero chekubudirira. Vanyori vanopokana kuti bumbiro remitemo kana seti yezviyero zvinofanirwa kuumbwa kuitira kuona kuti nzira dzekutonga dzakatevedzwa. Gwaro rinofanirwa kukurudzira utongi hwezvichemo nekuita sarudzo, zviito zvekuchengetedza zvakaenzanirana nezvinobuda, uye vanozvidavirira vekuchengetedza nemasangano. Vavariro yekodhi iyi yaizobvumira kuchengetedza kwemugungwa kuve zvese zvinogamuchirika mumagariro uye kushanda kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichibatsira kuti gungwa rirambe rakagadzikana.

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6. Mitemo, Nzira, uye Zviratidzo

Zielinski, T., Kotynska-Zielinska, I. uye Garcia-Soto, C. (2022, Ndira). A Blueprint yeOcean Literacy: EU4Ocean. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 357882384_A_ Blueprint_for_Ocean_Literacy_EU4Ocean

Iri bepa rinokurukura kukosha kwekutaurirana kwakanaka kwemhedzisiro yesainzi kune vagari pasi rese. Kuti vanhu vatore ruzivo, vaongorori vakatsvaga kunzwisisa Ocean Literacy Principles uye kushandisa nzira dzakanakisa dziripo kufambisa nzira yekuwedzera kuziva kwepasirese kwekuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza. Izvi zvinonyatso shanda pakusimbisa nzira yekukwezva vanhu maererano neakasiyana nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza uye, nekudaro, vanhu vanogona sei kugadzirisa nzira dzedzidzo kupikisa shanduko yepasirese. Vanyori vanopokana kuti kuverenga kwemakungwa ndiko kwakakosha pakusimudzira, asi zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti chinyorwa ichi chinosimudzira chirongwa cheEU4Ocean.

Sean M. Wineland, Thomas M. Neeson, (2022). Kuwedzera kupararira kwezvirongwa zvekuchengetedza mumasocial network. Kuchengetedza Sayenzi uye Kuita, DOI:10.1111/csp2.12740, Vol. 4, kwete 8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 361491667_Maximizing_the_spread _of_conservation_initiatives_in_social_networks

Zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza uye marongero anogona kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana uye kuwedzera ecosystem masevhisi, asi chete kana yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya. Nepo zviuru zvezvirongwa zvekuchengetedza zviripo pasi rose, mazhinji anotadza kupararira kupfuura vashoma vanotanga kutora. Kugamuchirwa kwekutanga nevanhu vane simba kunoguma nekuvandudzika kwakanyanya muhuwandu hwevanotora chirongwa chekuchengetedza network-wide. Dunhu redunhu rakafanana nenetiweki isina kurongeka inoumbwa kazhinji nemasangano ehurumende uye masangano emuno, nepo network yenyika ine chiyero-isina chimiro chine hukuru hubs hwemasangano emubatanidzwa uye masangano eNGO.

Ashley M, Pahl S, Glegg G naFletcher S (2019) Shanduko Yepfungwa: Kushandisa Mamiriro Evanhu Nekuzvibata Kutsvagisa Kuongororwa kweKubudirira kweOcean Literacy Initiatives. Miganhu muMarine Science. DOI:10.3389/fmars.2019.00288. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 333748430_A_Change_of_Mind _Applying_Social_and_Behavioral_ Research_Methods_to_the_Assessment_of _the_Effectiveness_of_Ocean_Literacy_Initiatives

Nzira idzi dzinobvumira kuongororwa kwekuchinja kwemaitiro izvo zvakakosha pakunzwisisa kushanda kwechirongwa. Vanyori vanopa chimiro chechimiro chekuongorora kwedzidzo yekudzidzira makosi evashandi vanopinda muindasitiri yekutumira (kunangana maitiro ekudzikisa kupararira kwezvipenyu zvinopinda) uye misangano yekudzidzisa yevadzidzi vechikoro (vezera 11-15 uye 16-18) pamatambudziko ane chekuita. kune marine litter uye microplastics. Vanyori vakaona kuti kuongorora shanduko yemafungiro kunogona kubatsira kuona kushanda kwepurojekiti pakuwedzera ruzivo rwevatori vechikamu uye kuziva nezvenyaya, kunyanya kana vateereri vakanangana nemidziyo yekudzidza yegungwa.

Santoro, F., Santin, S., Scowcroft, G., Fauville, G., uye Tuddenham, P. (2017). Ocean Literacy kune Vese - A Toolkit. IOC/UNESCO & UNESCO Venice hofisi Paris (IOC Manuals and Guides, 80 yakadzokororwa muna 2018), 136. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 321780367_Ocean_Literacy_for_all_-_A_toolkit

Kuziva nekunzwisisa pesvedzero yegungwa patiri, uye kufurira kwedu panyanza, kwakakosha pakurarama nekuita zvakachengetedzeka. Ichi ndicho musimboti wekudzidza kwemakungwa. Iyo Ocean Literacy Portal inoshanda sechitoro-chekumira, ichipa zviwanikwa uye zvirimo zvinowanikwa kune vese, nechinangwa chekugadzira nzanga ine ruzivo rwemakungwa inokwanisa kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo uye dzine mutoro pane zviwanikwa zvegungwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwegungwa.

NOAA. (2020, Kukadzi). Ocean Literacy: Iwo Akakosha Misimboti yeOcean Sayenzi yeVadzidzi veMazera Ese. www.oceanliteracyNMEA.org

Kune manomwe Ocean Literacy Principles uye inopindirana Scope uye Sequence ine 28 conceptual flow diagrams. Iyo Ocean Literacy Principles inoramba iri basa riri kuenderera mberi; vanoratidza kuedza kusvika panguva ino mukutsanangura kuverenga nekunyora kwemakungwa. Iyo yekutanga edition yakagadzirwa muna 2013.

• Ocean Literacy Musimboti #1: Nyika ine gungwa guru rimwechete rine zvinhu zvakawanda.
• Ocean Literacy Musimboti #2: Gungwa nehupenyu huri mugungwa zvinoumba maitiro ePasi.
• Ocean Literacy Musimboti #3: Gungwa ndiro simba guru pamamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze.
• Ocean Literacy Musimboti #4: Gungwa rakaita kuti Nyika igare.
• Ocean Literacy Musimboti #5: Gungwa rinotsigira kusiyana kukuru kwezvipenyu uye zvipenyu.
• Ocean Literacy Musimboti #6: Gungwa nevanhu zvakabatana zvisingaparadzanisiki.
• Ocean Literacy Musimboti #7: Gungwa harina kuongororwa zvakanyanya.

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KUDZOKERA KUTSVAKA