Ocean Sustainability uye Global Resource Management
Mark J. Spalding, Mutungamiri weThe Ocean Foundation
Mwedzi wapera ndakaenda kuguta rechiteshi chengarava reKiel, guta guru reruwa rweGermany rweSchleswig-Holstein. Ndaivepo kuti nditore chikamu mu Ocean Sustainability Science Symposium. Sechikamu chemusangano wemangwanani ekutanga, basa rangu raive rekutaura nezve "Magungwa muAnthropocene - Kubva Kuparara kweCoral Reefs kusvika Kukwira KwePurasitiki Sediments." Kugadzirira iyi symposium kwakandibvumira kufungisisa zvakare pamusoro pehukama hwevanhu negungwa, uye kuedza kupfupisa zvatiri kuita uye zvatinofanira kuita.
Tinofanira kushandura mabatiro atinoita gungwa. Kana tikarega kukuvadza gungwa, rinozopora nekufamba kwenguva pasina rubatsiro kubva kwatiri. Tinoziva kuti tiri kutora zvinhu zvakanaka zvakawandisa kubva mugungwa, uye kuisa zvinhu zvakaipa zvakawandisa mukati. Uye zvakanyanya, tiri kuita izvi nekukurumidza kupfuura izvo gungwa rinogona kuzadza zvinhu zvakanaka uye kupora kubva kune zvakaipa. Kubva Hondo Yenyika II, kuwanda kwezvinhu zvakaipa kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvakatoipa, kuwanda kwayo haisi chepfu chete, asiwo isiri-biodegradable (zvechokwadi mune chero nguva inonzwisisika). Mapurasitiki akasiyana siyana, semuenzaniso, anoenda kumakungwa nemakungwa, achiungana mumagiya mashanu uye achipwanyika kuita tudiki nekufamba kwenguva. Iwo mabhiti ari kuwana nzira yawo mucheni yezvokudya zvemhuka nevanhu zvakafanana. Kunyangwe makorari anowanikwa achidya twudiki twudiki twepurasitiki - achitora chepfu, mabhakitiriya uye mavhairasi aakanhonga akavhara.mambo kutorwa kwezvinovaka muviri chaizvo. Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwekuvadziko inofanira kudziviswa nokuda kwezvipenyu zvose pasi pano.
Tine kutsamira kusingadzivisiki uye kusingarambike pamasevhisi emunyanza, kunyangwe gungwa risiri pano kutibatsira. Kana tikaramba tichisimbisa kukura kwehupfumi hwenyika pagungwa, uye sevamwe vanogadzira mitemo vakatarisa kugungwa kune "kukura kwebhuruu" kutsva tinofanira:
• Edza kusakuvadza
• Gadzira mikana yekudzorerwa kwehutano hwegungwa uye kuenzanisa
• Bvisa dzvinyiriro kubva pakutenda kwakagovaniswa neruzhinji—zvakafanana
Tinogona here kusimudzira kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika kwakabatana nechimiro chegungwa sechinhu chakagovaniswa chepasirese?
Tinoziva kutyisidzira kwegungwa. Kutaura zvazviri, isu tine mhosva yemamiriro ayo ekuderera. Tinogona kuona mhinduro totora mutoro wekudzishandisa. Iyo Holocene yapera, tapinda muAnthropocene-ndiko kuti, izwi iro zvino rinotsanangura ikozvino geological epoch iri nhoroondo yemazuva ano uye inoratidza zviratidzo zvekukosha kwevanhu. Takaedza kana kudarika miganhu yezvakasikwa kuburikidza nemabasa edu.
Sokutaura kwakaita mumwe waanoshanda naye munguva pfupi yapfuura, takazvibvisa muparadhiso. Takanakidzwa nemakore angangoita 12,000 emamiriro ekunze akadzikama, asingatarisike uye takuvadza zvakakwana kuburikidza nemhepo inobva kumotokari dzedu, mafekitari nemagetsi ekushandisa kutsvoda kuti zvakanaka.
Kuti tishandure mabatiro atinoita gungwa, tinofanira kutsanangura kugarisika zvakazara kupfuura zvatakamboita - kusanganisira:
• Funga nezvematanho ekudzivirira uye ekurapa, kwete kungozvigadzirisa pakatarisana nekuchinja nekukurumidza
• Funga nezvekushanda kwegungwa, kudyidzana, kuwanda kwezvinokonzeresa, uye mibayiro yemhinduro.
• Usakuvadza, dzivisa kuwedzera kuderedzwa
• Dziviriro yezvakatipoteredza
• Zvinonetsa nezvemagariro nehupfumi
• Ruramisiro / kuenzana / zvido zvetsika
• Runako / runako / mashedhi ekuona / pfungwa yenzvimbo
• Hukoshero hwenhoroondo/tsika nekusiyana
• Mhinduro, kusimudzira nekudzoreredza
Takabudirira kuzivisa nezvenyaya dzemunyanza mumakore makumi matatu apfuura. Isu takave nechokwadi chekuti nyaya dzemakungwa dziri mugwara kumisangano yepasirese. Vatungamiri vedu venyika nevekunze vasvika pakugamuchira kukosha kwekugadzirisa kutyisidzira kwegungwa. Tinogona kuva netariro yokuti zvino tava kuenda kuchiito.
Sezvatakaita kusvika pamwero wakati nekutonga kwemasango, tiri kubva mukushandiswa nekushandiswa kuenda kune kuchengetedzwa nekuchengetedza gungwa sezvatinoziva kuti kufanana nemasango ane hutano uye nzvimbo dzesango, gungwa rine hutano rine kukosha kusingaverengeki kune pundutso yehupenyu hwese pasi pano. Kunogona kutaurwa kuti takatsauka murutivi rwakaipa mumazuva okutanga-tanga enhau yesangano remhoteredzo apo manzwi anodaidzira kuchengetedzwa akarashikirwa naavo vaisimbisa “maruramiro” avanhu okushandisa chisiko chaMwari nokuda kwebetsero yedu, pasina kurangarira zvakakomba. basa redu rokutarisira zvisikwa izvozvo.
Semuyenzaniso wezvingaitwe, ndichavhara nekunongedza kuacidification yegungwa, mhedzisiro yekubuda kweGreenhouse Gas kwaizivikanwa asi kushoma kunzwisiswa kwemakumi emakore. Kuburikidza nemisangano yake yakatevedzana pa "Magungwa muNyika Yepamusoro CO2," Muchinda Albert II weMonaco, akakurudzira kukurumidza kukura kwesainzi, kubatana kukuru pakati pevasayendisiti, uye kunzwisisa kwakafanana kwenyika dzese dambudziko nechikonzero charo. Nekudaro, vatungamiriri vehurumende vakapindura kune kwakajeka uye kunogutsa kwezviitiko zve acidization yegungwa pamapurazi ehove muPacific Northwest - vachigadzira marongero ekugadzirisa njodzi kune indasitiri inokosha mazana emamiriyoni emadhora mudunhu.
Nokudaro, kuburikidza nekubatana kwezviito zvevanhu vakati wandei uye mhedzisiro yeruzivo rwakagovana uye chido chekuita, takakwanisa kuona kukurumidza kududzirwa kwesainzi kune proactive policy, mitemo inovawo kuvandudza hutano hwezviwanikwa izvo hupenyu hwese. zvinoenderana. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso watinofanira kutevedzera kana tichizova nekugadzikana kwegungwa uye kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemugungwa zvezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
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