Kushandira Takanangana neDSM Moratorium: Zvinangwa zvedu zveInternational Seabed Authority uye Kupfuura

Sechikamu chedu basa rinoenderera mberi rekutaura chokwadi chesainzi, chemari, uye chepamutemo nezvemigodhi yepasi pegungwa (DSM), The Ocean Foundation yakatora chikamu mumisangano yeInternational Seabed Authority (ISA) munguva pfupi yapfuura Chikamu II che27th Session (ISA-27 Chikamu II). Isu tine rukudzo kuti ISA Nhengo dzeNyika dzakabvumidza chikumbiro chedu chepamutemo cheObserver chinzvimbo mukati memusangano uyu. Ikozvino, TOF inogona kutora chikamu seObserver mune yayo pachayo, mukuwedzera mukubatana sechikamu cheDeep Sea Conservation Coalition (DSCC). Sevaoni, tinogona kutora chikamu mubasa reISA, kusanganisira kupa maonero edu panguva yekukurukurirana, asi hatikwanise kutora chikamu mukuita zvisarudzo. Zvisinei, kuonga kwedu kuva Mucherechedzi mutsva kwakadzikiswa nokushayikwa kuri pachena kwemamwe manzwi akawanda anokosha evanobatanidzwa.

United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea (UNCLOS) yakarondedzera pasi pegungwa kunze kwesimba renyika ipi neipi se“Nzvimbo.” Kupfuurirazve, Nharaunda nezviwanikwa zvayo ndiyo “nhaka yakajairwa [yevanhu]” inofanira kutarisirwa kuti ibatsire vose. Iyo ISA yakagadzirwa pasi peUNCLOS kuti itonge zviwanikwa zveNzvimbo uye "kuona kuchengetedzwa kwakanaka kwenzvimbo yegungwa." Kuti izvi zviitike, ISA yakagadzira mirau yekuongorora uye yanga ichishanda mukugadzira mitemo yekubiridzira.

Mushure memakore ekumhanya-mhanya kwekugadzira iyo mitemo yekutonga pasi pegungwa senhaka yakajairika yevanhu, nyika yePacific Island yeNauru yakamanikidza (kuburikidza neinonzi nevamwe "Kutonga kwemakore maviri") paISA kupedzisa mirau - uye inoperekedza zviyero uye nhungamiro - muna Chikunguru 2023 (Kunyange vamwe vachitenda kuti ISA yave kupesana newachi, dzakawanda Member States uye Vacherechedzi vakataura maonero avo ekuti "mutemo wemakore maviri" hausungiridzi nyika kuti dzipe mvumo yekuchera zvicherwa). Kuedza uku kukurumidzira kupedzwa kwemirau kunopindirana nerondedzero yenhema, yakasundwa zvine hukasha neaizove mucheri wemugungwa The Metals Company (TMC) nevamwe, kuti zvicherwa zvemugungwa zvakadzika zvinodikanwa kubvisa kaboni simba redu repasi rose. Decarbonization haina kutsamira pane zvicherwa zvepasi secobalt uye nickel. Muchokwadi, vagadziri vemabhatiri nevamwe vari kuvandudza kure nesimbi idzodzo, uye kunyange TMC inobvuma kuti kukurumidza kuchinja kwetekinoroji kunogona kuderedza kudiwa kwezvicherwa zvepasi pegungwa.

ISA-27 Chikamu II chaive chakabatikana, uye kune pfupiso huru dziripo online, kusanganisira imwe neiyo Earth Negotiations Bulletin. Iyi misangano yakajekesa kuti kushoma kana kwakadzika nyanzvi dzegungwa dzinoziva: sainzi, tekinoroji, zvemari, uye kusavimbika kwemutemo kwakadzora nhaurirano. Kuno kuTOF, tiri kutora mukana wekugoverana pfungwa shoma dzakanyanya kukosha kubasa redu, kusanganisira pakamira zvinhu uye zvatiri kuita nezvazvo.

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Vese vanodiwa vanobatana havapo paISA. Uye, avo vanopinda sevacherechedzi vepamutemo havapihwe nguva yavanoda kuti vape maonero avo.

PaISA-27 Chikamu II, pakanga paine kukura kucherechedzwa kwevazhinji vakasiyana-siyana vane chekuita nekufarira mukutonga kwegungwa rakadzika nezviwanikwa zvaro. Asi mibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro pekuti vangawana sei avo vanobatanidzwa mukamuri, uye ISA-27 Chikamu II, zvinosuruvarisa, yakachengetwa nekutadza kusingaverengeki kuvabatanidza.

Pazuva rekutanga remisangano, ISA Secretariat yakacheka chikafu cherukova mhenyu. Nhume dzeNyika, Vacherechedzi, vezvenhau, nevamwe vane chekuita vasina kukwanisa kuenda - kungave nekuda kwekunetsekana kweCCIDID-19 kana kushomeka kwenzvimbo - vakasiiwa vasingazive zvainge zvaitika kana kuti nei. Mukati mekusawirirana kukuru, uye pachinzvimbo chekuti Nhengo dzeNyika dzivhote pamusoro pekutepfenyura misangano, dandemutande rakavhurwa zvakare. Mune chimwe chiitiko, mumwe wevamiriri vevechidiki vaviri chete akavhiringidzwa uye akadimburirwa neMutungamiriri weAssembly. Paivewo nekunetsekana pamusoro pekusafanira kwekuti Secretary General ataura sei kune vane chekuita neISA, kusanganisira vanotaurirana kubva kuNhengo dzeNyika pachavo, pavhidhiyo uye mune mamwe mamiriro. Pazuva rekupedzisira remisangano, miganhu yenguva isina kurongeka yakaiswa pazvirevo zveObserver pakarepo Vacherechedzi vasati vapiwa uriri, uye avo vaivapfuura vakanga vakadzimwa mamaikorofoni. 

The Ocean Foundation yakapindira (yakapa chirevo chepamutemo) pa ISA-27 Chikamu II kuti vaone kuti vanobatana vakakodzera kune nhaka yakafanana yerudzi rwevanhu, tingangove, tese. Takakurudzira ISA Secretariat kukoka manzwi akasiyana kuhurukuro yeDSM - kunyanya manzwi evechidiki nemaIndigenous - uye kuvhura musuwo kune vese vashandisi vegungwa vakaita sevabati vehove, vafambi, masayendisiti, vaongorori, uye maartist. Tichifunga izvozvo, takakumbira ISA kuti itsvage vanobata ava uye kugamuchira zvavanoita.

Chinangwa cheOcean Foundation: Kune vese vane chekuita nekucherwa kwepasi pegungwa.

Mukubatana nevamwe vazhinji, tiri kuparadzira shoko rekuti DSM ingaite sei isu tese. Tichashanda tichienderera uye nekugadzira kuti tende rikure. 

• Tiri kusimudzira nhaurirano dzakatenderedza DSM kwatinokwanisa, uye tichikurudzira vamwe kuti vaitewo saizvozvo. Tese tine yakasarudzika seti yezvatinofarira uye vatinobatika.
• Nekuti ISA haina proactively kutsvaga vose vanobatanidzwa, uye nekuti DSM - dai yaizoenda mberi - yaizobata munhu wese pasi pano, tiri kushanda kuti titore nhaurirano dzakatenderedza DSM, uye nei tichitsigira kumisa (kurambidzwa kwenguva pfupi), kune vamwe. hurukuro dzepasi rose: United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), Session yechishanu yeIntergovernmental Conference (IGC) pamusoro pe Kuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwakasimba kwezvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipenyu zvegungwa kupfuura nzvimbo dzekutonga kwenyika (BBNJ), Musangano weUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Musangano weMapato (COP27), uye High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development. DSM inoda kukurukurwa pamusoro pemitemo yenyika yose uye inogadziriswa pamwe chete uye zvakakwana.
• Tiri kukurudzira maforamu madiki senzvimbo dzakakoshesesa dzehurukuro iyi. Izvi zvinosanganisira matare edzimhosva enyika uye epasi penyika dziri mumahombekombe akatenderedza Clarion Clipperton Zone, mapoka ekubata hove (kusanganisira Regional Fishery Management Organisations- vanoita sarudzo dzekuti ndiani anoredza kupi, giya ripi ravanoshandisa uye ingani hove dzavanogona kubata), uye misangano yezvakatipoteredza yevechidiki.
• Tiri kuvaka paruzivo rwedu rwakadzama mukuvaka kugona kuona vanobata - uye kubatsira avo vanobatana kuti vafambise sarudzo dzekubatikana paISA, kusanganisira asi kwete kugumira kune yepamutemo Observer application maitiro.

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Kodzero dzevanhu, kururamisira kwezvakatipoteredza, Kodzero dzechivanhu neruzivo, uye kuenzana kwemarudzi zvakatanhamara munhaurirano mukati memavhiki matatu emisangano.

Vazhinji Nhengo dzeNyika uye Vacherechedzi vakakurukura nezvekodzero-zvakavakirwa zvinokonzeresa zvinogona kuitika DSM. Kushushikana kwakasimudzwa pamusoro pezvinofungidzirwa zvisiri izvo munzira iyo ISA Secretary General akaratidzira basa ririkuenderera mberi ku ISA mune mamwe maforamu epasi rose, achipokana kana kuratidza kubvumirana kupedzisa mirau uye kubvumidza DSM kana kubvumirana ikoko kusipo. 

Iyo Ocean Foundation inotenda kuti DSM inotyisidzira pasi pemvura tsika nhaka, zvitubu zvekudya, mararamiro, inorarama mamiriro ekunze, uye marine genetic zvinhu zvemangwana mishonga. PaISA-27 Chikamu II, takasimbisa kuti United Nations General Assembly Resolution 76/75 nguva pfupi yadarika yakacherekedza kodzero yenzvimbo yakachena, ine hutano, uye inoenderera sekodzero yemunhu, tichiona kuti kodzero iyi ine chekuita nedzimwe kodzero nemitemo iripo pasi rose. Basa reISA harimo pasina, uye rinofanirwa - sebasa rinoitwa pasi pezvibvumirano zvemarudzi akawanda nguva dzose muhurongwa hweUnited Nations - kuva mukufambisa kwekodzero iyi.

Chinangwa cheOcean Foundation: Kuona kumwe kubatanidzwa kweDSM uye zvinogona kuitika pagungwa redu, mamiriro ekunze, uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana muhurukuro dzepasi rose dzezvakatipoteredza.

Isu tinotenda kuti iko zvino kukurudzira kwepasirese kuputsa silos uye kuona hutongi hwepasirese sehwakabatana (semuenzaniso, kuburikidza ne Nhaurirano dzeOcean neClimate Change) imvura inokwira inosimudza zvikepe zvose. Mune mamwe mazwi, kushamwaridzana uye kugadzirisa mukati mehutongi hwezvakatipoteredza pasi rose hazvizokanganisa, asi kusimbisa, Sangano reUnited Nations pamusoro peMutemo weGungwa (UNCLOS). 

Naizvozvo, tinotenda kuti ISA Nhengo dzeNyika dzichakwanisa kukudza nekuremekedza UNCLOS dzichiita zvine hanya neruremekedzo kune nyika dzichiri kusimukira, nharaunda dzeMarudzi, zvizvarwa zvinotevera, biodiversity, uye ecosystem masevhisi - zvese zvichivimba nesainzi yakanakisa iripo. Iyo Ocean Foundation inotsigira zvakasimba kufona kwekumisikidzwa kweDSM kuti ibatanidze zvinonetsa nevatori vechikamu nesainzi.

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Underwater Cultural Heritage haisi kugamuchira kutarisirwa kwakafanira munhaurirano dzeISA.

Nepo kukosha kwetsika kwakakurukurwa sesevhisi yezvipenyu, nhaka yetsika yepasi pemvura haisi yepamusoro panhaurirano dzeISA dzichangoburwa. Mune mumwe muenzaniso, zvisinei nezvakataurwa nevatori vechikamu kuti Regional Environmental Management Plan inofanirwa kufunga nezvenhaka yetsika inobatika uye isingabatike uye ruzivo rwechinyakare, chinyorwa chazvino chechirongwa chinonongedza "zvinhu zvekuchera matongo." TOF yakapindira kaviri paISA-27 Chikamu II kukumbira kucherechedzwazve kwenhaka yetsika yepasi pemvura uye kupa zano kuti ISA isvike kune vanobatanidzwa vakakodzera.

Chinangwa cheOcean Foundation: Simudzira nhaka yepasi pemvura uye ita shuwa kuti chikamu chakajeka chehurukuro yeDSM isati yaparadzwa nekusaziva.

• Tichashanda kuti tive nechokwadi chokuti nhaka yedu yetsika chikamu chinokosha chehurukuro yeDSM. Izvi zvinosanganisira: 
  • inobatika tsika nhaka, senge ngarava dzehondo dzakadonhedzwa pamusoro pePacific, kana kuputsikirwa nechikepe uye zvisaririra zvevanhu muAtlantic mugungwa. Middle Passage, apo panguva yekutengeswa kwevaranda kuyambuka Atlantic, vanofungidzirwa kuti 1.8+ mamiriyoni eAfrica haana kurarama rwendo.
  • nhaka yetsika isingabatike,zvakadai se kurarama nhaka yetsika yevanhu vePacific, kusanganisira kutsvaga nzira. 
• Isu nguva pfupi yadarika takatumira kokero yekuwedzera kushandira pamwe pakati peISA neUNESCO, uye ticharamba tichisimudza nhaurirano yenzira yekuchengetedza zvakanaka nhaka yepasi pemvura.
• TOF iri kuita tsvagiridzo maererano nenhaka yetsika inobatika uye isingabatike muPacific neAtlantic.
• TOF iri muhurukuro nevamwe vane chekuita nezve nhaka yepasi pemvura, uye ichaita kuti pave nekudyidzana pakati peavo vane chekuita neISA.

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Pane kucherechedzwa kwepakaputsika muruzivo rwakatenderedza kukuvadzwa kweDSM.

Pa ISA-27 Chikamu II, kwakawedzera kucherechedzwa neNhengo dzeNyika uye Vacherechedzi kuti, kunyangwe paine mukana wakakura wesainzi muruzivo rwatinoda kuti tinzwisise gungwa rakadzika uye zvisikwa zvaro, pane ruzivo rwakakwana rwekuziva kuti DSM ichaita. kuvadza pakadzika. Isu tinomira kuti tiparadze yakasarudzika ecosystem iyo inopa akawanda akakosha ecosystem masevhisi kusanganisira hove nehove dzekudya; zvigadzirwa kubva kune zvipenyu zvinogona kushandiswa kumishonga; kudzorwa kwemamiriro ekunze; uye kukosha kwenhoroondo, tsika, magariro, dzidzo, nesainzi kuvanhu pasi rese.

TOF yakapindira pa ISA-27 Chikamu II kutaura kuti tinoziva kuti ecosystems haishande yakazvimiririra, kunyangwe paine mikaha mukunzwisisa mabatiro aanoita. Zvinogona kuvhiringa ecosystem tisati tatombozvinzwisisa - uye tichizviita tichiziva - zvaizobhururuka pamberi pekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kufambira mberi kwekodzero dzevanhu dzemarudzi. Kunyanya, kuita izvi kwaizoenda kunopesana neSustainable Development Goals.

Chinangwa cheOcean Foundation: Kuti tisaparadze ecosystem yedu yakadzika yegungwa tisati tatomboziva kuti chii, uye nezvainotiitira.

• Isu tinotsigira kushandisa United Nations Makumi gumi eOcean Sainzi yeSustainable Development sepuratifomu yekuunganidza nekududzira data.
• Tichashanda kusimudzira sainzi yekucheka, inoratidza izvozvo mikaha yezivo yakakomberedza gungwa rakadzika inoshamisa uye zvichatora makumi emakore kuavhara.

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Vanedavi vari kutarisa zvakasimba mamiriro emari yezvicherwa zvakadzika mugungwa uye zvinorehwa nenyika chaiyo.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura ISA zvikamu, vamiririri vanga vachitarisa nyaya huru dzemari uye vachiona kuti kuchine basa rakawanda rinofanira kuitwa mukati. PaISA-27 Chikamu II, TOF, Deep Sea Conservation Coalition (DSCC), nevamwe Vacherechedzi vakakurudzira nhengo dzeISA kuti dzitarisewo kunze nekuona kuti mufananidzo wezvemari hauna kujeka kuDSM. Multiple Observers vakacherekedza DSM yakawanikwa neUnited Nations Environmental Program Sustainable Finance Initiative isingaenderane nehupfumi hwebhuruu.

TOF yakacherekedza kuti chero angangowana mari yezviitwa zveDSM angangofanira kutevedzera zvisungo zvemukati nekunze zveEnvironment, Social, and Governance (ESG) zvingangotadzisa kuwana mari yekutengeserana DSM. DSCC nevamwe Vacherechedzi vakaratidza kuti TMC, mutsigiri mukuru wekumhanyisa nguva yemitemo yeDSM, iri mumatambudziko emari uye kuti kusava nechokwadi kwemari kune mhedzisiro yepasirese yekuzvidavirira, kutonga kunoshanda, uye mutoro.

Chinangwa cheOcean Foundation: Kuenderera mberi nekubatana kwakasimba nemaindasitiri emari neinishuwarenzi kuti DSM inobatika mari here kana kuti insurance.

• Isu tichakurudzira mabhanga uye mamwe angangove masosi emari kuti atarise yavo yemukati nekunze ESG uye zvisungo zvekusimudzira kuona kuenderana kwavo neDSM mari.
• Ticharamba tichipa mazano masangano ezvemari uye nheyo pazviyero zvekuchengetedza hupfumi hweblue investments.
• Ticharamba tichitarisa kusagadzikana kwemari uye mashoko anopikisana yeThe Metals Company.

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Kuenderera mberi nebasa kune kumisa DSM:

Pamusangano weUnited Nations Ocean muLisbon, Portugal muna Chikumi 2022, zviri pachena kunetsekana nezve DSM dzakasimudzwa vhiki rose. TOF yakazvipira kutsigira kumisa kunze kwekunge uye kusvikira DSM yakwanisa kuenderera mberi pasina kukuvadza nharaunda yegungwa, kurasikirwa kwezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kutyisidzirwa kwenhaka yedu inobatika uye isingabatike yetsika, kana njodzi kumabasa ezvemamiriro ekunze.

PaISA-27 Chikamu II, Chile, Costa Rica, Spain, Ecuador, neFederated States of Micronesia dzose dzakadaidza imwe shanduro yekumbomira. The Federated States of Micronesia yakazivisa kuti vaive chikamu cheAlliance of Countries ichidaidza Deep-Sea Mining Moratorium yakatangwa nePalau pamusangano weUN Ocean.

Chinangwa cheOcean Foundation: Kuenderera mberi nekukurudzira kumisa DSM.

Kubudirana pachena mumutauro ndicho chinhu chakakosha panhaurirano idzi. Nepo vamwe vachinyara kubva pashoko, kumisa mutemo kunotsanangurwa se "kurambidzwa kwenguva pfupi." Ticharamba tichigovera ruzivo nenyika uye masangano ehurumende pamusoro pemamwe mamoratoria aripo uye nei kumisa kunonzwisisika kune DSM.

• Isu tinotsigira, uye ticharamba tichitsigira, nyika uye subnational moratoria uye kurambidzwa kweDSM.
• Isu takambosimudza kutyisidzira kune yedu yakadzika yegungwa ecosystem mukuzviisa kwedu kuUN Ocean uye Climate Change Dialogues, uye ticharamba tichidaro mune mamwe maforamu epasi rose.
• Tine hukama hwekushanda nevanoita sarudzo dzezvakatipoteredza munyika dzakatenderedza pasirese, uye tiri kushanda kuti tisimudze kutyisidzira kunounzwa neDSM munhaurirano dzese nezvehutano hwegungwa, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, nekugadzikana.
• Tichapinda musangano unotevera weISA, ISA-27 Chikamu III, wakaitirwa muKingston, Jamaica kubva 31 Gumiguru - 11 Mbudzi, kuunza kupindira mumunhu.