Yedu Ocean uye Ramangwana rePlastiki

Muna Chikunguru, ndakapedza mazuva mana paThe Klosters Forum, dhorobha diki riri pedyo neSwiss Alps rinokurudzira kudyidzana kwakawanda kuburikidza nekuunza pamwe chete pfungwa dzinokanganisa uye dzinokurudzira kuti dzigadzirise matambudziko ari kunetsa pasi rose. Kloster's anolcoming hosts, mhepo yemugomo yakachena uye zvigadzirwa nechizi kubva panzvimbo yemusangano wepapurazi yehunyanzvi zvakagadzirirwa kugonesa nhaurirano dzine mufungo uye dzisina kwayakarerekera pakati pevanyanzvi vanotora chikamu.

Gore rino, makumi manomwe edu takaungana kuti titaure nezveramangwana repurasitiki munyika yedu, kunyanya nezvekuti tingaderedza sei kukuvadza kubva pakusvibiswa kwepurasitiki kusvika kugungwa. Musangano uyu waisanganisira nyanzvi kubva kumasangano makuru nemadhipatimendi emakemikari eyunivhesiti uye kubva kumaindasitiri nemutemo. Paive neakatemerwa anti-plastiki mushandirapamwe uye vanhu vane shungu vachifunga zvine hunyanzvi nezve maitiro ekuita nemarara epurasitiki munyika dzine urombo pasi rose.

Takapedza hafu yenguva yedu pane chii, uye hafu kuti sei. Tinobata sei nedambudziko rinokonzerwa neruzhinji rwevanhu, uye rinogona kukuvadza vanhu vese?

Kufanana nevazhinji vedu, ndaifunga kuti ndine mubato wakanaka pachiyero chedambudziko rekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki mugungwa redu. Ndakafunga kuti ndinonzwisisa dambudziko rekugadzirisa uye mhedzisiro yekuenderera mberi nekubvumidza mamirioni emapaundi emarara kuputira, kukukurwa, kana kudonha mugungwa. Ndakanzwisisa kuti basa reThe Ocean Foundation rinogona kunge riri rekuenderera mberi nekutsigira dzimwe sarudzo dzakanakisa dziripo, kupa ongororo, kuedza kuendesa mapurasitiki akasununguka, uye kuona panogona kunge paine mapundu anogona kuzadzwa nevanhu vakazvipira pasirese.

Asi mushure mesvondo rekutaura nenyanzvi pamusoro pekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki yegungwa, kufunga kwangu kwakashanduka kubva kune iyo yekutsigira, yekuongorora, uye yekuendesa mapurojekiti akanaka ekupa mari kuungano yedu yevanopa kudiwa kwekuwedzera chinhu chitsva mukuedza. Isu hatifanire chete kuderedza marara epurasitiki - isu tinofanirwa kudzikisa kuvimba kwedu nemapurasitiki zvachose.

 
Plastiki chinhu chinoshamisa. Iwo akasiyana-siyana emapolymers anobvumira kunoshamisa kwekushandisa kubva kumakumbo eprosthetic kuenda kumotokari uye zvikamu zvendege kusvika kukareruka imwe chete yekushandisa makapu, mashanga uye mabhegi. Takakumbira vemakemikari kuti vauye nezvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu, zvinokodzera kushandiswa kwakasiyana, uye zvisingaremi pakuderedzwa kwemitengo yekutumira. Uye vemakemikari vakapindura. Muhupenyu hwangu, takachinja kubva pagirazi nebepa kuenda kupurasitiki kunenge kuungana kwemapoka-zvekuti pamusangano uchangoburwa wekuona mafirimu ezvemamiriro ekunze, mumwe munhu akandibvunza kuti taizonwei kunze kwekunge asiri makapu epurasitiki. Ndakataura zvinyoronyoro kuti magirazi ewaini nemvura anogona kushanda. “Girazi rinotsemuka. Pepa rinobva raoma,” she replied. Chinyorwa chazvino cheNew York Times chakaratidza mhedzisiro yekubudirira kwemakemikari:

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Pakati pezvandinotora kubva kumusangano weKlosters kwandiri kunzwisisa kuri nani kwekukura kwedambudziko ratiri kusangana naro. Semuenzaniso, mapolymer ega ega anogona kunge ari ese ari pamutemo chikafu chakachengeteka uye tekinoroji inogona kudzokororwa. Asi isu hatina chaiyo yekudzokorodza kugona kune iwo mapolymer munzvimbo zhinji (uye mune dzimwe nguva chero kupi zvachose). Pamusoro pezvo, vaongorori nevamiriri veindasitiri vaive pamusangano vakasimudza nyaya yekuti kana mapolymer asanganiswa kugadzirisa nyaya dzechikafu dzakawanda panguva imwe chete (kufema uye kutsva mulettuce, semuenzaniso), panenge pasina imwe ongororo yekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu kana. recyclability yemusanganiswa. Kana kuti misanganiswa yepolymer inopindura sei pakuratidzwa kwenguva refu kuchiedza chezuva nemvura - zvese zviri zvinyoro uye zvine munyu. Uye ese mapolymer akanaka kwazvo pakutakura chepfu nekuiburitsa. Uye hongu, kune kumwe kutyisidzira kwekuti nekuti mapurasitiki anogadzirwa kubva kuoiri negasi, anozoburitsa magasi egreenhouse nekufamba kwenguva. 

Rimwe dambudziko guru nderekuti yakawanda sei yepurasitiki yakagadzirwa uye yakaraswa muhupenyu hwangu ichiri kunze uko muvhu redu, munzizi dzedu nemadziva, uye mugungwa. Kumisa kuyerera kwepurasitiki munzizi uye gungwa ndiko kukurumidza-kunyangwe isu tichiramba tichitsvaga nzira dzinogoneka, dzinodhura dzekubvisa mapurasitiki kubva mugungwa pasina kukonzeresa kukuvadza kwatinoda kugumisa kuvimba kwedu nemapurasitiki zvachose. 

Akafa nenzara Laysan Albatross chick, Flickr/Duncan

Imwe nhaurirano yeKlosters yakanangana nekuti isu tinofanirwa kuisa kukosha kwekushandisa kwepurasitiki yega uye mutero kana kurambidza zvinoenderana. Semuyenzaniso, mapurasitiki anoshandiswa kamwe chete ekushandiswa muzvipatara uye munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru (kubuda kwecholera, semuenzaniso) anogona kuwana marapirwo akasiyana nemakapu emapati, mabhegi epurasitiki nemashanga. Nharaunda dzaizopihwa sarudzo dzekugadzirisa dhizaini kuti dzienderane nezvadzinoda - vachiziva kuti vanofanirwa kudzikamisa mari yavo yekudzora tsvina yakasimba maringe nemutengo wekumanikidza kurambidzwa. Guta remumhenderekedzo yegungwa rinogona kutarisa nezve kurambidzwa kudzikisa mutengo wekuchenesa mahombekombe uye imwe nharaunda inogona kutarisa pamibhadharo inoderedza kushandiswa uye kupa mari yekuchenesa kana kudzoreredza zvinangwa.

Urongwa hwemitemo—zvisinei hwungave hwakaumbwa—hunofanira kusanganisira zvose zvinokurudzira zvekutonga marara zviri nani uye kugadzirwa kwemichina yakakodzera yekuvandudza kushandiswazve pazvikero zvinogoneka. Zvinoreva kudzora kugadzirwa kwemapurasitiki emhando dzakawanda uye nekupa zvinokurudzira kugadzira anogara achishandiswazve uye anogona kushandiswazve mapolymer. Uye, kuwana iyi miganho yemutemo uye zvinokurudzira munzvimbo munguva pfupi iri kuuya kwakakosha nekuti indasitiri iri kuronga kupeta kane kugadzirwa kwepurasitiki pasi rose mumakore makumi matatu anotevera (papo patinenge tichida kushandisa zvishoma zvatiri kuita nhasi).

Ndiine matambudziko mazhinji mundangariro, ndinoramba ndichinyanya kufarira kufambisira mberi kuvandudzwa kwechitubu chekushandisa chemutemo, chinogona kushandiswa pamwe chete neruzivo rweThe Ocean Foundation nemutemo wepeer-to-peer outreach on ocean acidization padanho rehurumende muUSA. , uye pamwero wenyika pasi rose.

Ndichaona kuti richava basa rakaoma kuwana chero epurasitiki kusvibiswa mutemo mazano zvakarurama. Isu tichada yakakomba tekinoroji kumashure uye isu tichada kuwana mazano anowana pamudzi wedambudziko, panzvimbo peaya ari mahwindo ekupfeka, kuti abudirire. Mune mamwe mazwi, isu tichafanirwa kushanda kuti tidzivise kuwira vanhu vane makuru uye anoshamisa mazano anonzwika ane miganhu yakakomba kana kune mhinduro dzinotaridzika uye dzinonzwa zvakanaka izvo zvisingatisvitse kwatinoda kuva seBoyan Slat's “ Ocean Cleanup Project. "  

Zviripachena, isu paThe Ocean Foundation hatisi vekutanga kufunga maererano nehurongwa hwemutemo uye kuvandudzwa kwekiti yemutemo. Saizvozvo, kune huwandu huri kuwedzera hwemasangano akashanda nevanoita sarudzo kugadzira nzira dzekutonga dzakakodzera. Kuti uwane mamwe maturusi ezvemitemo, ndinoda kuunganidza vakabudirira mienzaniso kubva kumanisiparati nenyika, pamwe nemimwe mitemo yenyika (Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya, neTamil Nadu inouya mundangariro semuenzaniso uchangopfuura). Ndinoda kushanda nevamwe vandinoshanda navo kubva kuClientEarth, nhengo dzePlastic Pollution Coalition, uye indasitiri yaona nzira dzakabudirira. Nehwaro hwakatarwa paKlosters Forum yegore rino, Forum yegore rinouya inogona kutarisa nezvemitemo, uye nemutemo mhinduro dzedambudziko remapurasitiki mugungwa redu.

Mark J. Spalding, Mutungamiri weThe Ocean Foundation inhengo yeOcean Studies Board yeNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, uye Medicine. Ari kushanda paSargasso Sea Commission. Mark iMukuru Mukuru paCentre for the Blue Economy, paMiddlebury Institute of International Studies. Pamusoro pezvo, anoshanda seMukuru Mukuru uye Mutungamiriri weSeaWeb, ndiye chipangamazano weRockefeller Ocean Strategy (homwe isati yamboitwa yekudyara mari yegungwa) uye akagadzira chirongwa chekutanga cheblue carbon offset, SeaGrass Grow.

​¹Lim, Xiaozhi "Kugadzira Rufu rwePurasitiki" New York Times 6 Nyamavhuvhu 2018 https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/06/science/plastics-polymers-pollution.html
²Shiffman, David "Ndakabvunza nyanzvi gumi neshanu dzekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki yegungwa nezve chirongwa cheOcean Cleanup, uye vane zvinovanetsa" Southern Fried Science 15 June 13. http://www.southernfriedscience.com/i-asked-15-ocean-plastic-pollution-experts-about-the-ocean-cleanup-project-and-they-have-concerns