Kuchengeteka Kwedu Kunotanga - uye Kunopera - NeManyanza Edu (Chikamu 2)

NaMark J. Spalding, Mutungamiriri weThe Ocean Foundation
Kuvharwa kweMusangano Wekutanga Wepasi Pose paManyanza, Mamiriro ekunze, uye Chengetedzo - Chikamu 2 che2

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Musangano uyu nesangano rakauronga, Iyo Collaborative Institute for Oceans, Climate uye Chengetedzo, zvitsva uye zvakasiyana. Pakavambwa Institute, yaive 2009-kupera kwemakore gumi anodziya zvakanyanya mumazana mashoma apfuura, uye nyika dzaichenesa mushure mekutevedzana kwemadutu erekodhi arova nharaunda dziri pedyo neAtlantic, Pacific, uye Gulf yeMexico. Ndakabvuma kujoina Kanzuru yeAdvisors nekuti ndaifunga kuti mharadzano iyi yatiri kutaura nezve shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye mhedzisiro yaro pamakungwa uye chengetedzo yaive nzira nyowani uye inobatsira yekukurukura kuti kutyisidzira hutano hwegungwa zvakare kutyisidzira hutano hwevanhu. .

Sezvandakacherechedza mune yangu yapfuura, musangano wakatarisa nzira dzakawanda dzekuchengeteka uye kusimbiswa kwekuchengetedzwa kwenyika kwaifadza zvikuru. Hazvina kunge zviri chikamu chemutauro wekuchengetedzwa kwemakungwa, kana kunyange hurukuro yavose, kunzwa nharo dzekutsigira Dhipatimendi reDziviriro mukuyedza kudzikisira kuburitswa kwaro gasi rinopisa (semushandisi mukuru mumwe wefossil munyika) , uye kugadzirira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuti ive nechokwadi chekukwanisa kwayo kuchengetedza hondo uye mamwe mamishinari mukutsigira kuchengetedzwa kwenyika yedu pasi rose. Vakurukuri vaive boka rakasiyana-siyana renyanzvi dzekuchengetedza, makungwa, uye hukama hwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kune hupfumi, chikafu, simba, uye kuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Zvinotevera ndiwo madingindira anosimbiswa nemapanera:

Dingindira 1: Hapana Ropa reMafuta

Mauto ari pachena kuti chinonyanyo fanirwa kuve chekupedza hondo dzemafuta emafuta. Zvizhinji zvezviwanikwa zveoiri zvepasi zviri munyika dzakasiyana kwazvo nedzedu. Tsika dzakasiyana, uye mazhinji acho anopesana zvakananga nezvido zveAmerica. Kutarisa pakuchengetedza mashandisiro edu hakusi kunatsiridza hukama muMiddle East, uyezve, vamwe vanopokana kuti kana tikaita zvakanyanya, isu tisina kuchengeteka zvishoma.

Uye, sevanhu vese vekuAmerica, vatungamiriri vedu vemauto havafarire "kurasikirwa nevanhu vedu." Pakangosvika isingasviki hafu yevakafa muAfghanistan neIraq vaive Marines achidzivirira mafuta ekufambisa, tinoda kutsvaga imwe mhinduro yekufambisa zviwanikwa zvedu zvemauto kutenderera pasirese. Zvimwe zviedzo zvitsva zviri kubhadhara chaizvo. Marine Corp India Company yakava yekutanga yuniti yakadaro kuvimba nesimba rezuva pachinzvimbo chebhatiri uye majenareta edhiziri: Kuderedza uremu hwakatakurwa (mazana emapaunzi mumabhatiri chete) uye marara ane ngozi (mabhatiri zvakare), uye zvakanyanya kukosha, kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa nekuti kwaivepo. hapana majenareta anoita ruzha kupa nzvimbo kure (uye nekudaro kwete kuvhara nzira yevanopinda, kana).

Dingindira 2: Taive, uye tiri panjodzi

Dambudziko remafuta ra1973 rakakonzereswa nerutsigiro rwemauto eUS kuIsrael muhondo yeYom Kippur. Mutengo wemafuta wakawedzera zvakapetwa kana musingasviki gore. Yakanga isiri yekungowana mafuta chete, asi kuvhunduka kwemutengo wemafuta kwakakonzera kuparara kwemusika wemasheya muna 1973-4. Nekumuka kuti tibatwe nechishuwo chedu chemafuta ekunze, takapindura kune dambudziko (ndizvo zvatinoita pasina kuronga kwekutanga). Pakazosvika 1975, takanga taisa pamwe chete Strategic Petroleum reserve uye chirongwa chekuchengetedza simba, uye takatanga kutarisa mamaira pamarita imwe neimwe inoshandiswa mumotokari dzedu. Takaramba tichitsvaga nzira itsva dzekusvika panzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mafuta ezvicherwa, asi takawedzerawo kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzekuzvimiririra kubva kune simba rinotengwa kunze kwenyika kunze kwemagetsi emvura akachena kubva kuCanada. Nekudaro, nzira yedu yesimba inotitungamira nhasi apo dambudziko ra1973 rakagadzira dhiraivha yakakomba yekuzvimirira kwesimba rekumadokero riri kusangana nekuedza kudzikisa kushandiswa kwemafuta ekuzvimirira, kuchengetedzeka, uye kuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.

Isu tinoramba tiri panjodzi yemutengo - uye zvakadaro, kana mutengo wemafuta uchidzika kusvika pamadhora makumi masere nemasere padhiramu sezvawakaita svondo rino - unoswedera padhuze nemutengo wakakwira (ungangoita madhora makumi masere padhiramu) yekugadzira iwo madhiramu emarginal kubva kujecha retara kuNorth Dakota. uye kuchera mvura yakadzika munyanza yedu, zvinova zvave chinangwa chedu chikuru chepamba. Nhoroondo, kana purofiti yakadzikira kumakambani makuru emafuta, pane kumanikidzwa kusiya zviwanikwa muvhu kusvika mutengo wadzokera kumusoro. Zvichida, pane kudaro, tinogona kufunga nezvekusiya izvo zviwanikwa muvhu nekutarisa pane zvishoma zvinoparadza zvakatipoteredza mhinduro.

Dingindira 3: Tinogona kutarisa nezve Dziviriro uye Kuchengetedzwa Kwenyika

Saka, mukati memusangano, dambudziko rakajeka rakabuda: Tingashandisa sei hunyanzvi hwemauto (rangarira iyo Internet) mukutsvaga kwayo mhinduro dzinoda kudzoreredzwa uye nekuwedzera kushandiswa kwekukurumidza pamwero mukutsvaga kuvandudza tekinoroji yakakodzera yevagari vemo?

Tekinoroji yakadai inogona kusanganisira mota dzinoshanda zvakanaka (dzepasi, gungwa nemhepo), mabiofuel akavandudzwa, uye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzakafanira dzinogonekazve senge wave, solar uye simba remhepo (kusanganisira kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo). Kana tikaita izvi zvechiuto, nyanzvi dzemauto dzinoti mauto edu ane zvombo achave mashoma, tichaona kuwedzera kwekugadzirira uye kuvimbika, uye isu tichawedzera kumhanya kwedu, huwandu uye simba.

Nekudaro, kumwe kuedza kwemauto - sekumisikidza Great Green Fleet inofambiswa nealgae-based biofuel - yave nguva yakareba ichiuya uye yaiitirwa kudzikisa njodzi yedu yekudzima mafuta spigot zvakare. Zvinozokonzerawo kudzikiswa kunoyemurika kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwekubuda kwegreen house gasi.

Dingindira 4: Mabasa uye Tekinoroji Inochinjika

Uye, sezvatinotarisa nezvekuchengetedza, nekuita kuti nyika yedu (nemauto ayo) isanyanya kunetseka, tinofanirwa kuziva kuti Navy haivake ngarava dzayo, kana masisitimu avo ekufambisa, uye haigadzirise mabio-fuels ayo. Panzvimbo pezvo, ingori mutengi mukuru, mukuru kwazvo, ari pamusika. Zvese izvi zvinogadziriswa zvakagadzirirwa kuti mauto asangane nezvido zvavo zvichave zvigadziriso zveindasitiri zvinounza mabasa. Uye, sezvo tekinoroji iyi inoderedza kuvimba nemafuta efosi inogona kuendeswa kumisika yevagari vemo, tese tinobatsirwa. Kusanganisira hutano hwenguva refu hwegungwa redu - yedu yakakura kabhoni sink.

Vanhu vanowana mwero wekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uchikurisa. Uye ndizvo. Simba remumwe rakaoma kutenda mariri, kunyangwe riripo.

Kuita chimwe chinhu pamwero wekushandisa neDhipatimendi reDziviriro chiyero chine musoro chatinogona kufungidzira tese. Ihwo hutsva hutsva hunozokonzera kudzikisira kukuru uye kudzikiswa kukuru kwengozi dzemauto dzefossil dzine chekuita nenjodzi, uye mune yedu. Asi chiyero chine musoro ichi zvakare chinoreva kuti zvichave zvakakodzera kuvandudza tekinoroji yatinoda. Iri ndiro musika wekufambisa.

Saka manje?

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Saka, kuti tidzokorore, tinogona kuponesa hupenyu, kuderedza kusagadzikana (kune mafuta emitengo spikes kana kurasikirwa kwekuwana zvekushandisa), uye kuwedzera kugadzirira. Uye, o, nenzira yatinogona kuita kudzikisira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze semhedzisiro isingatarisirwe.

Asi, nekuti tiri kutaura nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze ngatitaurei kuti mauto haasi kushanda chete pakuderedza. Iri kushanda pakugadzirisa. Iyo kutaura chokwadi haina sarudzo kunze kwekupindura kune shanduko mukemikari yegungwa (kudonha pH), kana yepanyama oceanography (yakadai sekusimuka kwegungwa), zvichibva pakutsvaga kwayo kwenguva refu uye kutarisa.

Hondo yeUS Navy ine makore zana data yakaiswa pakusimuka kwegungwa inoratidza kuti mwero wegungwa uri kukwira. Yakatosimuka tsoka izere kuEast Coast, zvishoma zvishoma kuWest Coast, uye anenge 2 tsoka muGulf yeMexico. Saka, vari kunetsana neizvo zviri pachena zvemahombekombe eNavy zvivakwa, uye vachaita sei nekukwira kwegungwa vari voga pakati penjodzi zhinji?

Uye, basa reDhipatimendi reDziviriro richachinja sei? Parizvino, kutarisa kwayo kuri kusimuka kubva kuIraq neAfghanistan kuenda kunotarisa kuIran neChina. Huchakwira sei mwero wegungwa, pamwe chete nekuwedzera tembiricha pamusoro pegungwa zvichifambiswa nezviitiko zvemadutu nokudaro madutu emvura anokonzeresa njodzi dzenhamba huru yevagari vemumhenderekedzo yegungwa vanova vapoteri vakatiza? Ini ndinobheja iyo Dhipatimendi reDziviriro ine hurongwa hwemamiriro ezvinhu mumabasa.