Chikamu 2: Mhedzisiro yekuvhiya - izvo zvinotakurwa negungwa kumusha

NaNgirozi Braestrup, Sachigaro, Board of Advisors, The Ocean Foundation

Munyika yose, 2012 na2013 zvicharangarirwa nokuda kwezviwaro zvisina kujairika zvekunaya kwemvura, madutu ane simba, uye mafashamo asina kumboitika kubva kuBangladesh kusvika kuArgentina; kubva kuKenya kuenda kuAustralia. Kisimusi 2013 yakaunza dutu rekutanga rechando risingaite nemafashamo ane njodzi uye zvimwe zvinokonzeresa kuSt. Lucia, Trinidad neTobago; nedzimwe nyika dzezvitsuwa, dzakaita seUnited Kingdom uko mamwe madutu achangowedzera kukuvadzwa kubva kutanga kwaDecember rekodhi rekodhi dutu. Uye hakusi kumucheto kwegungwa chete uko nharaunda dziri kunzwa shanduko. 

Kudonha uku, Colorado yakasangana kamwe chete mumakore e1000-mafashamo chiitiko kubva kune madutu anotakurwa kumakomo kubva kumvura inodziya yePacific. MunaNovember, madutu nechamupupuri zvakakonzera kudarika bhiriyoni yemadhora mukukuvara kuMidwest. Uye, nyaya imwechete yemarara yakatarisana nenharaunda dzakakanganisika sezvakaita Japan mushure metsunami ya2011, chitsuwa chePhilippine cheLeyte kubva kuTyphoon Haiyan muna 2013, New York neNew Jersey mushure meSuperstorm Sandy muna 2012, uye Gulf Coast. mushure meKatrina, Ike, Gustav, uye hafu yemamwe madutu mumakore gumi apfuura kana zvakadaro.

Yangu yapfuura Blog yakataura nezve mafungu emvura kubva mugungwa, kungave kubva kumadutu kana kubva mukudengenyeka kwenyika, uye kuparadza kwainosiya kumashure panyika. Asi, hakusi kungoyerera kwemvura kuri kuuya kunokuvadza zviwanikwa zvemahombekombe—zvose zvakavakwa nevanhu uye zvakasikwa. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika kana mvura iyoyo ikayerera ichibuda zvakare, ichitakura marara kubva mukumhanya kwayo kunoparadza uye muto wakaoma unotora zvinhu kubva muchivako chese chainopfuura, pasi pesingi yega yega, muwadhiropu yese yevachengeti, chitoro chemotokari, uye yakaoma. chekuchenesa, pamwe chete nechero detritus iyo mvura yakanhonga kubva mumagaba emarara, marara, nzvimbo dzekuvaka, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakavakwa.

Kumakungwa, hatifanire kufunga nezvedutu kana tsunami chete, asi zvinozoitika. Kuchenesa mushure memadutu aya ibasa rakakura risingangogumiri pakuomesa mudzimba dzakazara nemvura, kutsiva mota dzakazara nemvura, kana kuvakazve migwagwa. Uyewo harina chokuita nemakomo emiti yakadonha, mirwi yetsvina, uye zvitunha zvemhuka zvakanyura. Imwe neimwe yemafungu makuru ekunaya kana tsunami zviitiko zvinotakura marara, zvinwiwa zvine chepfu, uye kumwe kusvibiswa kunodzokera kugungwa.

Mvura iri kudzika inogona kutora ese ekuchenesa pasi pezviuru zvemadhishi, ese ependi ekare muzviuru zvemagaraji, ese peturu, oiri, uye mafiriji kubva kuzviuru zvemota nemidziyo, osanganisa muto muchetura wakakwana nezvose. kugeza kwemashure kubva mumasuweji etsvina uye mapurasitiki nemamwe midziyo yayaichengeterwa. Nenguva isipi zvakanga zvagara zvisingakuvadzi (kunyanya) panyika zviri kufashukira mumadhaka emahombekombe uye mumvura iri pedyo nemhenderekedzo, masango emiti yemimango, nedzimwe nzvimbo uko mhuka nemiti zvingagona. vatove vachinetsekana kubva mumigumisiro yekukura kwevanhu. Wedzera zviuru zvakati wandei zvematani emakumbo emiti, mashizha, jecha uye mamwe mavhu anotsvairwa pamwe chete nawo uye pane mukana wekuputira nzvimbo dzinokura dzepasi pegungwa, kubva pamibhedha yehove kusvika kumakorari kusvika kumafuro euswa hwegungwa.

Hatina kurongeka kwakarongeka kwezvinozoitika zvemafashama emvura ane simba munharaunda dzemahombekombe, masango, madhaka, nezvimwe zviwanikwa. Dai kwaive kuparara kwemaindasitiri kwakajairika, tingadai tine nzira yekukwidziridza kutyora kwekuchenesa uye kudzoreredza. Sezvazviri, hatina nzira yekuona kuti makambani nenharaunda vanochengetedza zviri nani chepfu yavo kusati kwauya dutu, kana kuronga mhedzisiro yezvinhu izvo zvese zvinoyerera pamwechete mumvura dziri pedyo nemahombekombe kamwechete. Mukumuka kwetsunami yeJapan ya2011, kukuvadzwa kweiyo Fukushima nuclear power plant yakawedzerawo mvura ine radioactive yakasvibiswa kumusanganiswa-muchetura wasara wava kuoneka munyama yemhuka dzemugungwa dzakadai se tuna.

Tinofanira kushanduka kuva takagadzirira zvirinani kune mamwe madutu ekunyanya kusimba nekunaya kwakawanda uye pamwe simba rakawanda kupfuura rataive naro kare. Tinofanira kufunga pamusoro pemigumisiro yemafashamo, mafashamo, uye mamwe mafashamo akamwe kamwe. Tinofanira kufunga nezvekuvaka kwatinoita uye zvatinoshandisa. Uye tinofanira kuvakazve gadziriro dzechisikigo dzinoita sezvinhu zvinokatyamadza kuvavakidzani vedu vari munyanza nemvura yakachena—machakwi, masango ari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, madutu—zvose zvinodzivirira zvomusikirwo zvinotsigira zvipenyu zvakapfuma uye zvakawanda zvomumvura.

Saka chii chatingaita kana takatarisana nesimba rakadaro? Tingabatsira sei mvura yedu kuti igare ine hutano? Zvakanaka, tinogona kutanga nezvatinoshandisa mazuva ese. Tarisa pasi pesingi yako. Tarisa mugaraji. Chii chauri kuchengeta chinofanira kuraswa zvakanaka? Ndeapi marudzi emidziyo anogona kutsiva epurasitiki? Ndezvipi zvigadzirwa zvaungashandisa zvichave zvakachengeteka kune mhepo, nyika, uye gungwa kana zvisingafungidzike zvikaitika? Iwe unogona sei kuchengetedza pfuma yako, kusvika kumagaba ako emarara, kuitira kuti iwe usava netsaona chikamu chedambudziko? Nharaunda yako ingaungana sei kuti vafunge zvemberi?

Nharaunda dzedu dzinogona kutarisa nezvehugaro hwechisikigo huri chikamu chemaitiro emvura ane hutano anogona kupindura zvirinani kune kamwe kamwe kunyudzwa kwemvura, marara, chepfu, uye madhaka. Machakwi ari mukati menyika nemhenderekedzo dzegungwa, masango ari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa neanokweshwa, mirwi yejecha nemimango ndimamwe enzvimbo dzekugara dzakanyorova dzatinogona kudzivirira nokudzoreredza.[1] Marshlands inobvumira mvura inouya kuti ipararire, uye mvura inobuda ichipararira, uye mvura yose inofanira kusefa isati yapinda mugungwa, rwizi, kana gungwa pacharo. Idzi nzvimbo dzekugara dzinogona kuita senge cachement zones, zvichiita kuti tidzichenese zviri nyore. Sezvimwewo mamwe masisitimu echisikigo, nzvimbo dzekugara dzakasiyana-siyana dzinotsigira zvinodiwa zvemarudzi mazhinji emugungwa kuti akure, abereke uye abudirire. Uye ihwo hutano hwevavakidzani vedu vegungwa hwatinoda kuchengetedza kubva mukukuvadza kwakagadzirwa nevanhu kweaya maitiro matsva ekunaya kwemvura ari kukonzera kukanganisa kwakawanda munharaunda dzevanhu uye masisitimu emahombekombe.

[1] Dziviriro yemusikirwo inogona kuchengetedza mahombekombe zvakanyanya, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/natural-defenses-can-best-protect-coasts-says-study-16864