Chikamu 3: Mushure medutu - mapurasitiki ari mugungwa

NaMark J. Spalding, Mutungamiriri, The Ocean Foundation naCaroline Coogan, Foundation Assistant, The Ocean Foundation

PaThe Ocean Foundation, tanga tichifunga zvakawanda nezvemhedzisiro. Isu tinosuwa nenyaya dzinorwadza dzevanhu dzekurasikirwa mushure memadutu akadai seaya akarova St. Lucia, Trinidad & Tobago, nedzimwe nyika dzezvitsuwa paKisimusi. Kwave kune kudururwa kwetsitsi nerubatsiro kune vakawirwa nedambudziko, sezvakangoita. Isu tanga tichizvibvunza kuti ndezvipi zvinofanotaurwa zvinhu zvinozoitika mushure medutu uye chii chatingaite kugadzirira zvinozoitika?

Kunyanya, tanga tichizvibvunzawo isu pachedu kuti tingadzikamisa sei kana kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kunobva kumarara anogadzirwa nemafashama, mhepo, uye kukuvara kwedutu remhepo-kunyanya kana mhepo ichikwira mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nemvura. Zvakawanda zvezvinoyerera zvichibva panyika uye kupinda mumvura nemunyanza zvinogadzirwa nechinhu chakareruka, chisingapindi mvura chinoyangarara pamusoro kana pazasi pemvura. Inouya mune zvakawanda zvimiro, hukuru, ukobvu, uye inoshandiswa nenzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana pamabasa evanhu. Kubva pamabhegi ekutenga nemabhodhoro kusvika kune zvinotonhorera zvekudya, kubva kumatoyi kusvika kunhare-mapurasitiki ari kwose kwose munharaunda dzevanhu, uye kuvapo kwawo kunonzwiwa zvakadzama nevavakidzani vedu vegungwa.

Nyaya ichangoburwa yeSeaWeb's Marine Science Ongororo yakaratidza dambudziko rinotevera sezvazviri muThe Ocean Foundation yekuenderera mberi kwekukurukurirana kwemadutu nezvinozoitika, kunyanya pakubata nedambudziko remarara mugungwa, kana zvakanyanya pamutemo: marara emugungwa. Isu tose tinokurudzirwa uye tinoshamiswa nehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvakaongororwa nevezera uye zvine chekuita nazvo zviri kuburitswa izvozvi uye mumwedzi iri kuuya izvo zvinorondedzera dambudziko iri. Isu tinokurudzirwa kuziva kuti masayendisiti ari kudzidza maitiro ayo: kubva muongororo yemarara emugungwa pasherufu yeBelgian kondinendi kusvika pakukanganisa kweakasiiwa magiya ekuredza (semuenzaniso mambure emweya) pakamba dzegungwa nedzimwe mhuka muAustralia, uye kunyangwe kuvapo kwemapurasitiki. mumhuka dzinobvira padikidiki kusvika kuhove dzinobatwa kuti dzidyiwe nevanhu. Isu tinoshamiswa nekuwedzera kusimbiswa kwehukuru hwepasi rose hwedambudziko iri uye kuti yakawanda sei inoda kuitwa kugadzirisa iyo - uye kudzivirira kuti isanyanya kuipa.

Munzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, madutu anowanzova nesimba uye anoperekedzwa nemafashamo emvura anomhanya achidzika mugomo achipinda mumadhamu emvura, makoronga, hova nenzizi, uye pakupedzisira kugungwa. Mvura iyoyo inonhonga akawanda emabhodhoro, magaba, uye mamwe marara anenge akanganwa ari mumigwagwa, pasi pemiti, mumapaki, uye kunyange mumabhini asina kuchengetedzwa. Inotakura tsvina ichipinda munzira dzemvura kwainomonerera mugwenzi padivi pemubhedha werukova kana kuti inobatwa nepakati pematombo nemabhiriji, uye pakupedzisira, inomanikidzwa nemhepo, inowana nzira yayo kumahombekombe uye mumachakwi nedzimwe nzvimbo. Pashure peHurricane Sandy, mabhegi epurasitiki akashongedza miti iri pedyo nemhenderekedzo yemugwagwa kusvika kumusoro sedutu remvura—mamita anopfuura 15 kubva pasi munzvimbo dzakawanda, richitakurwa ikoko nemvura sezvayaimhanya ichidzokera kubva panyika ichienda kugungwa.

Nyika dzezvitsuwa dzatove nedambudziko hombe kana zvasvika pamarara — ivhu rine mutengo mukuru uye kuishandisa pakurasira ivhu hazvinyatso shanda. Uye - kunyanya ikozvino muCaribbean - vane rimwe dambudziko kana zvasvika kune marara. Chii chinoitika kana dutu rauya uye zviuru zvematani emarara zvakangosara zvedzimba dzevanhu nezvinhu zvavanoda? Ichaiswa kupi? Chii chinoitika kumatombo ari pedyo, mahombekombe, mikoko, uye uswa hwomugungwa apo mvura inounzira kwairi yakawanda yemarara iwayo akavhenganiswa netsvina, tsvina, zvinhu zvokuchenesa mudzimba, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakachengetwa munzanga dzavanhu kusvikira dutu? Ko mvura inonaya inotakura yakawanda sei muhova uye kumahombekombe uye mumvura dziri pedyo? Chii chinoitika kwairi? Inotapura sei upenyu hwomugungwa, kutandara, uye mibato yezvemari inotsigira nzanga dziri pazvitsuwa?

Iyo Caribbean Environment Programme yeUNEP yagara ichiziva nezvedambudziko iri: kuratidza nyaya dziri pawebhusaiti yayo, Solid Waste uye Marine Litter, uye kuunganidza vanhu vanofarira pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvekuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwemarara nenzira dzinoderedza kukuvadza kumvura dziri pedyo nemahombekombe nenzvimbo dzekugara. Iyo Ocean Foundation's Grants and Research Officer, Emily Franc, akapinda imwe yemusangano wakadaro mukudonha kwekupedzisira. Vamiriri vaisanganisira vamiriri vemasangano akawanda ehurumende neasiri ehurumende.[1]

Kurasikirwa kunotyisa kwehupenyu uye nhaka yenharaunda mumadutu enguva yeKisimusi kwaingova kutanga kwenyaya. Tine mungava kushamwari dzedu dzepachitsuwa kufunga mberi pamusoro pemimwe migumisiro yemadutu enguva yemberi. Tinoziva kuti nemhaka bedzi yokuti dutu iri rakanga risina kujairika, hazvirevi kuti hapazovi nezvimwe zviitiko zvedutu zvisingawanzoitiki kana kuti zvinokarirwa.

Isu tinoziva zvakare kuti kudzivirira mapurasitiki uye kumwe kusvibiswa kuti asasvike kugungwa kunofanirwa kuve kwekutanga kwedu. Mapurasitiki akawanda haaparadzwi uye oenda mugungwa—anongoparara kuita zvikamu zviduku nezviduku, zvichivhiringidza nzira dzokudyisa nokuberekana dzemhuka nezvinomera zviri mugungwa. Sezvaungave uchiziva, kune kuunganidzwa kwepurasitiki uye mamwe marara mumagire makuru emakungwa ese epasi-neGreat Pacific Garbage Patch (pedyo neMidway Islands uye inofukidza nechepakati peNorth Pacific Ocean) ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa, asi, zvinosuruvarisa. , kwete chete.

Saka, pane danho rimwe ratinogona kutsigira tese: Kuderedza kugadzirwa kwemapurasitiki anoshandiswa kamwe chete, kusimudzira midziyo uye masisitimu ekuendesa zvinwiwa nezvimwe zvigadzirwa kwazvichashandiswa. Tinogona zvakare kubvumirana padanho rechipiri: Kuita chokwadi chekuti makapu, mabhegi, mabhodhoro, uye mamwe marara epurasitiki anochengetedzwa kubva mumigero yemadutu, migero, hova nedzimwe nzira dzemvura. Tinoda kuchengetedza midziyo yese yepurasitiki kuti isaputike munyanza nepamahombekombe edu.

• Tinogona kuona kuti marara ese ashandiswa patsva kana kuraswa kunze nemazvo.
• Tinogona kutora chikamu mukuchenesa nharaunda kubatsira kubvisa marara anogona kuvhara nzira dzedu dzemvura.

Sezvatakambotaura kakawanda, kudzoreredza masisitimu emahombekombe nderimwe danho rakakosha rekuona nharaunda dzakasimba. Nharaunda dzemahombekombe dzakangwara dziri kuisa mari mukuvakazve nzvimbo idzi dzekugara kubatsira kugadzirira dutu guru rinotevera vari kuwana nhandaro, hupfumi, uye mamwe mabhenefiti zvakare. Kuchengeta marara kubva kumahombekombe uye kunze kwemvura kunoita kuti mharaunda iwedzere kufadza kune vashanyi.

ICaribbean inopa marudzi akasiyana ezvitsuwa nemahombekombe ekukwezva vashanyi vanobva kumativi ese eAmerica nepasirese. Uye, avo vari muindasitiri yekufambisa vanofanirwa kuve nehanya nekwavanoenda vatengi vavo kune mafaro, bhizinesi, uye mhuri. Tese tinovimba nemahombekombe egungwa ayo akanaka, akasiyana ecoral reef, uye zvimwe zvinoshamisa zvechisikigo kurarama, kushanda, uye kutamba. Tinogona kuuya pamwe chete kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kwatinogona uye kugadzirisa mhedzisiro, sezvatinofanira.

[1] Masangano akati wandei ari kushanda kudzidzisa, kuchenesa, uye kuona mhinduro dzekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki mugungwa. Zvinosanganisira Ocean Conservancy, 5 Gyres, Plastic Pollution Coalition, Surfrider Foundation, nevamwe vazhinji.