Kuchengetedza Zvinoonekwa uye Zvisingaonekwe: Gungwa reSargasso

Munyori: Mark J. Spalding

Magazini ichangoburwa yeNew Scientist yakataura kuti “kubereka mhashu” sechimwe chezvinhu gumi nechimwe chatinoziva kuti chiriko, asi chatisati chamboona. Ichokwadi-mabviro uye kunyange yakawanda yemafambiro eAmerica neEurope eel haazivikanwi kusvikira asvika sevana eel (elvers) mumiromo yenzizi dzekuchamhembe kwechirimo chega chega. Zvizhinji zvehupenyu hwavo hunotenderera pamusoro pekutarisa kwevanhu. Chatinoziva ndechekuti kune idzi eel, kungofanana nedzimwe mhuka dzakawanda, Gungwa reSargasso ndiyo nzvimbo yavanoda kuti ibudirire.

Kubva Kurume 20 kusvika 22nd, Sargasso Sea Commission yakasangana muKiyi West, Florida paNOAA Eco-Discovery Center ipapo. Aka ndekekutanga kuti maCommissioner ese ave pamwe chete kubva pakaziviswa makomisheni achangopfuura (kusanganisira ini) Gunyana apfuura.

Saka chii chinonzi Sargasso Sea Commission? Yakagadzirwa neinozivikanwa seKurume 2014 "Hamilton Declaration," iyo yakasimbisa kukosha kwezvisikwa uye zvipenyu zveGungwa reSargasso. Declaration yakaratidzawo pfungwa yekuti Gungwa reSargasso rinoda hutongi hwakakosha hwakanangana nekuchengetedza kunyangwe yakawanda yacho iri kunze kwemiganhu yenyika chero ipi zvayo.

Key West yaive mune yakazara spring break modhi, iyo yakaitira vanhu vakanyanya kuona sezvataifamba tichidzoka nekudzoka kunzvimbo yeNOAA. Mukati memisangano yedu zvakadaro, tainyanya kufunga nezvezvipingamupinyi izvi zvakakosha pane kushandisa sunscreen nemargaritas.

1. Chekutanga, iyo 2 miriyoni square mamaira Gungwa reSargasso harina mhenderekedzo yegungwa yekutsanangura miganhu yaro (uye nekudaro haina nharaunda dzemahombekombe ekudzivirira). Mepu yeGungwa haibatanidzi EEZ yeBermuda (nyika iri padyo), uye nekudaro iri kunze kwesimba renyika chero ipi zvayo mune yatinoti magungwa makuru.
2. Chechipiri, kushaya miganhu yepasi, Gungwa reSargasso rinotsanangurwa nemhepo inogadzira gyre, mukati mayo hupenyu hwemugungwa huzhinji pasi pemateti anoyangarara sargassum. Zvinosuruvarisa, gyre imwe chete inobatsira kubata mapurasitiki uye kumwe kusvibiswa kunokanganisa zvipembenene, hove, kamba, magakanje, uye zvimwe zvisikwa zvinogara imomo.
3. Chechitatu, Gungwa harina kunyatsonzwisiswa, kungave kubva pamaonero ekutonga kana maonero esainzi, kana kuzivikanwa mukukosha kwaro kune hove nemamwe masevhisi emugungwa ari kure.

Chirongwa cheKomisheni pamusangano uyu chaive chekuongorora zvakaitwa neSecretariat yeKomisheni, kunzwa dzimwe tsvakiridzo dzichangoburwa nezveGungwa reSargasso, uye kuisa zvakakosha zvegore rinouya.

Musangano wakatanga nekusuma chirongwa chekugadzira mepu chinonzi COVERAGE (CONVERAGE is CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites) Ocean Vvariable Akuronga Research uye Application for GEO (Group on Earth Observations) iyo yakaiswa pamwechete neNASA uye Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL CalTech). KUFUNGWA kunoitirwa kubatanidza zvese zvakaonekwa setiraiti zvinosanganisira mhepo, mafungu, tembiricha yepasi pegungwa uye salinity, chlorophyll, ruvara nezvimwe uye kugadzira chishandiso chekuona chekutarisa mamiriro muGungwa reSargasso semutyairi wekuedza kwepasi rose. Iyo interface inoita seinonyanya kushandisa uye ichave iripo kwatiri paKomisheni kuti tiedze drive mukati memwedzi mitatu. Masayendisiti eNASA neJPL aitsvaga kuraira kwedu maererano nemaseti edatha atinoda kuona uye kukwanisa kufukidza neruzivo rwatovepo kubva kuongororo yeNASA. Mienzaniso yaisanganisira kurondwa kwengarava uye kuronda mhuka dzine maki. Indasitiri yehove, indasitiri yemafuta negasi, uye dhipatimendi redziviriro vatove nemidziyo yakadaro yekuvabatsira kuita mishoni yavo, saka chishandiso chitsva ichi ndechevagadziri vemitemo, pamwe nemaneja wezviwanikwa.

Komisheni nemasaenzi eNASA/JPL vakabva vaparadzana kuita misangano panguva imwe chete uye isu takatanga nekubvuma zvinangwa zveKomisheni yedu:

• kuenderera mberi kucherechedzwa kweiyo ecological uye biological kukosha kweSargasso Sea;
• kurudziro yekutsvagisa kwesainzi kuti unzwisise zviri nani Gungwa reSargasso; uye
• kugadzira zvikumbiro zvekuendesa kumasangano epasirese, ematunhu uye ematunhu kuitira kufambisira mberi zvinangwa zveHamilton Declaration.

Takazoongorora mamiriro ezvikamu zvakasiyana zvechirongwa chedu chebasa, kusanganisira:

• kukosha kwe ecology uye kukosha kwezviitwa
• mabasa ekubata hove pamberi peInternational Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) uye Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation.
• mabasa ekutakura, kusanganisira ayo ari pamberi peInternational Maritime Organisation
• tambo dzepasi pegungwa uye zviitiko zvekuchera pasi pegungwa, kusanganisira izvo zviri pamberi peInternational Seabed Authority
• nzira dzekutarisira mhuka dzinotama, kusanganisira idzo dziri pamberi peConvention on Migratory Species uye Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.
• uye pakupedzisira basa re data uye ruzivo rwekutonga, uye kuti yaizobatanidzwa sei muzvirongwa zvekutonga

Komisheni yakafunga mitsva mitsva, iyo yaisanganisira kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki nemarara emugungwa mune gyre inotsanangura Gungwa reSargasso; uye basa rekugona kushandura makungwa masisitimu anogona kukanganisa nzira yeGulf Current uye mamwe makuru mafungu anoumba Sargasso Sea.

Sangano reSea Education Association (WHOI) rine makore akati wandei edhata kubva mumachira kuunganidza uye kuongorora kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki muGungwa reSargasso. Kuongorora kwekutanga kunoratidza kuti yakawanda yemarara aya angangobva kungarava uye kunosanganisira kutadza kutevedzera MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) panzvimbo pezvinobva pasi-pasi zvekusvibiswa kwegungwa.

SeEBSA (Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Area), Gungwa reSargasso rinofanira kutorwa senzvimbo yakakosha yemhuka dzepelagic (kusanganisira zviwanikwa zvehove). Tichifunga izvi, takakurukura mamiriro ezvinangwa zvedu uye chirongwa chebasa maererano neChisungo cheUN General Assembly chekutsvaga gungano idzva rinotarisana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu kunze kwekutonga kwenyika (yekuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwakasimba kwemakungwa makuru). Muchikamu chenhaurirano yedu, takabvunza mibvunzo ine chekuita nekukonana kuri pakati pemakomisheni, kana Sargasso Sea Commission ikamisa chiyero chekuchengetedza ichishandisa iyo precautionary musimboti uye yakavakirwa pahunyanzvi hwesainzi maitiro ekuita muGungwa. Kune akati wandei masangano anotarisira nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemakungwa epamusoro, uye aya masangano akanyanya kutarisisa uye anogona kunge asiri kutora maonero akazara emakungwa makuru kazhinji, kana Gungwa reSargasso kunyanya.

Apo isu pakomisheni takasanganazve nevasayendisiti, takabvumirana kuti chinangwa chikuru chekuwedzera kubatana chaisanganisira kupindirana kwengarava uye sargassum, hunhu hwemhuka uye kushandiswa kweGungwa reSargasso, uye mepu yekuredza zvine hukama nenyama nemakemikari oceanography mugungwa. Gungwa. Isu takaratidzawo kufarira kwakasimba mapurasitiki nemarara emugungwa, pamwe nebasa reGungwa reSargasso mu hydrological mvura kutenderera uye mamiriro ekunze.

Ndine chikomborero kushanda mubasa iri nevanhu vanofunga kudaro. Uye ndinogovera chiono chaDr. Sylvia Earle chokuti Gungwa reSargasso rinogona kuchengetedzwa, rinofanira kuchengetedzwa, uye richadzivirirwa. Chatinoda igadziriro yepasi rose yenzvimbo dzekuchengetedzwa kwemakungwa muzvikamu zvegungwa zviri kunze kwemasimba enyika. Izvi zvinoda kubatana pakushandiswa kwenzvimbo idzi, kuitira kuti tideredze maitiro uye tive nechokwadi chekuti zviwanikwa zvekuvimbwa neveruzhinji zviri zvevanhu vese zvinogovaniswa zvakaringana. Mwana eel nehove dzegungwa dzinotsamira pazviri. Uye ndizvo zvatinoitawo.