Kuchengetedza Nzvimbo Dzemvura Munyika Yose, Zvino uye Zvino: Iyo Ramsar Kokorodzano

naRuka Mukuru
Sabine Wetlands Walk, Hackberry, Louisiana (Mufananidzo wakapiwa neLouisiana Tourism Locations & Events – Peter A Mayer Advertising / Assoc. Creative Director: Neil Landry; Account Executives: Fran McManus & Lisa Costa; Art Production: Janet Riehlmann)
Sabine Wetlands Walk, Hackberry, Louisiana (Mufananidzo wakapiwa neLouisiana Tourism Locations & Events – Peter A Mayer Advertising / Assoc. Creative Director: Neil Landry; Account Executives: Fran McManus & Lisa Costa; Art Production: Janet Riehlmann)

Gore negore, nharaunda dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa dzinozvidya mwoyo dzinoona fungidziro yemadutu ari kuuya—anozivikanwa semadutu kana kuti madutu paanokura, zvichienderana nokuti ari kupi. Apo madutu iwayo anosvika panyika, sezvakaita Hurricane Isaac mukupera kwemwedzi wapera, nzanga dziri munzira yedutu dzinoyeuchidzwa nezvoukoshi hwematope emumhenderekedzo yegungwa, masango, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzokugara mukuvadzivirira pamigumisiro yakaipisisa yedutu racho.

Munyika yanhasi yekukwira kwemazinga emugungwa uye nekudziya kwemamiriro ekunze, matoro nematoro ecosystem mabasa akakosha pakuchinjika kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuderedza. Pamusoro pezvo, matoro ndiwo manyuko anokosha eupfumi, sainzi, uye ukoshi hwenhandaro. Zvakadaro maecosystem aya akatarisana nekuderedzwa uye kuparadzwa.
RAMSARPanogona kuve nekurasikirwa kusingagadzirike kumatoro emvura kubva mukupinzwa kunoenderera mberi kwebudiriro munzvimbo ine matoro kubva kudivi renyika, uye kukukurwa kwenzvimbo dzematoro kubva mumvura nekuda kwenzira dzemvura dzakagadzirwa nevanhu nezvimwe zviitiko. Achangopfuura makore 40 apfuura, nyika dzakaungana kuti dzione kukosha kwenzvimbo dzine matoro uye nzvimbo dzekugara dziri pedyo, uye kugadzira gadziriro yedziviriro. Chibvumirano cheRamsar chibvumirano chepasi rose chakagadzirirwa kubatsira kudzivirira kupindira uku, pamwe nekutsigira kuedza kudzoreredza, kugadzirisa, nekuchengetedza matoro pasi rese. Ramsar Kokorodzano inochengetedza matoro enzvimbo dzawo dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu uye masevhisi, sekutonga kwemadzishe emvura uye nzvimbo yekugara yavanopa kune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kubva padanho reecosystem kusvika padanho rezvipenyu.
Chibvumirano chepakutanga pamusoro peWetlands chakaitwa muguta reIran reRamsar muna 1971. Pakazosvika 1975, Chibvumirano chakanga chave chakasimba, chichipa hurongwa hwekuita kwenyika nepasi rose nekubatana kwekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza kwakasimba kwenzvimbo dzine mvura uye zviwanikwa zvayo nemabasa. . Chibvumirano cheRamsar chibvumirano chepakati pehurumende chinosungirira nyika dziri nhengo dzayo kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwezvakatipoteredza kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzematoro uye kuchengetedza kushandiswa kwakasimba kwenzvimbo idzi. Chirevo chechinangwa chegungano ndeche “kuchengetedza nekushandisa zvine hungwaru kwenzvimbo dzose dzemanyoro kuburikidza nezviito zvemuno, zvedunhu nemunyika pamwe nekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika, semupiro mukuwana budiriro inoenderera pasi rose”.
Iyo Ramsar Kokorodzano yakasarudzika kubva kune mamwe akafanana epasi rose kuedza kwezvakatipoteredza munzira mbiri dzakakosha. Chekutanga, haina kudyidzana neUnited Nations system yeMultilateral Environmental Agreements, kunyangwe ichishanda nemamwe maMEAs nemaNGOs uye chibvumirano chakacherechedzwa chakabatana nezvimwe zvibvumirano zvese zvine chekuita nehupenyu. Chechipiri, ndicho chega chibvumirano chepasi rose chezvakatipoteredza chinobata neapo ecosystem: manyoro. Musangano uyu unoshandisa tsananguro yakafara yenzvimbo dzine matoro, ayo anosanganisira “machakwi nemachakwi, madziva nenzizi, mafuro manyoro nemapani, maoasi, makomo emvura, madhiri nemawiji, nzvimbo dziri pedyo nemahombekombe egungwa, mangroves necoral reef, uye yakagadzirwa nevanhu. nzvimbo dzakadai semadziva ehove, minda yemupunga, madhamu, uye mapani emunyu.”
Dombo rinokosha reMusangano weRamsar iRamsar Rondedzero yeWetlands yeKukosha Kwepasirese, runyorwa rwenzvimbo dzese dzematavi dzakadomwa neChibvumirano senzvimbo dzakakosha kuhutano hwezviwanikwa zvemugungwa nezvemugungwa pasi rose.
Chinangwa cheChinyorwa ndecheku "kugadzira nekuchengetedza network yepasi rose yenzvimbo dzemanyoro iyo yakakosha mukuchengetedza kusiyana kwezvisikwa zvipenyu zvepasi rose uye kuchengetedza hupenyu hwevanhu kuburikidza nekuchengetedza ecosystem yavo, maitiro uye mabhenefiti / masevhisi." Nekujoinha Musangano weRamsar, nyika yega yega inosungirwa kudoma ingangoita saiti imwe yematoro senzvimbo yeWetland yeKukosha Kwepasi Pose, nepo dzimwe nzvimbo dzichisarudzwa nedzimwe nyika dzenhengo kuti dzipinzwe murunyorwa rwenzvimbo dzakatarwa.
Mimwe mienzaniso yeRamsar Wetlands yeKukosha Kwepasi Pose inowanikwa muNorth America inosanganisira Chesapeake Bay Estuarine Complex (USA), Laguna de Términos Reserve muCampeche (Mexico), nzvimbo inochengeterwa kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba kweCuba's Isla de la Juventud, Everglades National Park mu. Florida (USA), uye nzvimbo yeAlaska muCanada yeFraser River Delta. Chero saiti yeRamsar iri kunetsa kuchengetedza ecological uye biological kutendeseka kwakagadzwa neConvention inogona kuiswa pane yakakosha runyorwa uye inogona kuwana rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi kugadzirisa matambudziko ari kutarisana nesaiti. Pamusoro pezvo, nyika dzinogona kunyorera kuti dziwane rutsigiro kuburikidza neRamsar Small Grants Fund neWetlands yeFuture Fund yekupedzisa mapurojekiti ekuchengetedza madhaka. Iyo US National Fish and Wildlife Service inoshanda senge inotungamira nzvimbo makumi matatu nemana eRamsar muUS uye kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika.
Musangano weRamsar une Musangano weMakondirakiti Mapato (COP) makore matatu ega ega kuti vakurukure nekusimudzira kumwe kushandiswa kwegwara uye marongero eChibvumirano. Panyaya yezviitwa zvezuva nezuva, kune Ramsar Secretariat muGland, Switzerland, iyo inotungamira Musangano pasi rose. Padanho renyika, Bato reKondirakiti rega rega rine Dare Rinodzora rakadomwa rinoona nezvekuitwa kwegwaro reChibvumirano munyika yavo. Kunyange zvazvo Chibvumirano cheRamsar chiri kuedza kwepasi rose, Chibvumirano ichi chinokurudzirawo nyika dziri nhengo kuti dzitange makomiti emunyika manyoro ayo, anosanganisira kupinda kweNGO, uye kubatanidza masangano avagari vemo mukuedza kwavo kuchengetedza ivhu.
Chikunguru we2012 akaratidzira Musangano wechigumi neimwe weMusangano Wemapato Anobvumirana eMusangano weRamsar, wakaitirwa muBucharest, Romania. Ikoko, kuti kushanya kwakasimba kwenzvimbo dzine mvura kunopa sei kuhupfumi hwakasvibira kwakasimbiswa.
Musangano uyu wakapera nerumbidzo yekukudza basa guru rakaitwa, uye kubvuma kukosha kwekuenderera mberi nekutsungirira uye kuzvipira kuchengetedza nekugadzirisa madhaka pasi rose. Kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedza gungwa, iyo Ramsar Convention inotsigira kuchengetedzwa kweimwe yeakanyanya kukosha zvidhinha zvehutano hwegungwa.
United States of America: 34 Ramsar Sites, 4,122,916.22 Acres kubva 15 Chikumi 2012 (Kwakabva: USFWS)

Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge 18/12/86    
Nevada
9,509 ha
Bolinas Lagoon 01/09/98    
California
445 ha
Cache-Lower White Rivers 21/11/89    
Arkansas
81,376 ha
Cache River-Cypress Creek Wetlands 01/11/94    
Illinois
24,281 ha
Caddo Lake 23/10/93    
Texas
7,977 ha
Catahoula Lake 18/06/91    
Louisiana
12,150 ha
Chesapeake Bay Estuarine Complex 04/06/87    
Virginia
45,000 ha
Cheyenne Bottoms 19/10/88    
Kansas
10,978 ha
Congaree National Park 02/02/12    
South Carolina
10,539 ha
Connecticut River Estuary & Tidal Wetlands Complex 14/10/94    
Connecticut
6,484 ha
Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary 23/03/09    
Florida
5,261 ha
Delaware Bay Estuary 20/05/92    
Delaware, New Jersey
51,252 ha
Edwin B Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge 18/12/86    
New Jersey
13,080 ha
Everglades National Park 04/06/87    
Florida
610,497 ha
Francis Beidler Sango 30/05/08    
South Carolina
6,438 ha
Grassland Ecological Area 02/02/05    
California
65,000 ha
Humbug Marsh 20/01/10    
Michigan
188 ha
Horicon Marsh 04/12/90    
Wisconsin
12,912 ha
Izembek Lagoon National Wildlife Refuge 18/12/86    
Alaska
168,433 ha
Kakagon uye Bad River Sloughs 02/02/12    
Wisconsin
4,355 ha
Kawainui and Hamakua Marsh Complex 02/02/05    
Hawaii
414 ha
Laguna de Santa Rosa Wetland Complex 16/04/10    
California
1576 ha
Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge 18/12/86    
Georgia, Florida
162,635 ha
Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge 01/04/11    
Hawaii
204,127 ha
Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge 14/03/93    
Florida
1,908 ha
Quivira National Wildlife Refuge 12/02/02    
Kansas
8,958 ha
Roswell Artesian Wetlands 07/09/10    
New Mexico
917 ha
Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge 03/08/98    
South Dakota
8,700 ha
Sue naWes Dixon Waterfowl Kupotera kuHennepin &
Hopper Lakes 02/02/12    
Illinois
1,117 ha
The Emiquon Complex 02/02/12    
Illinois
5,729 ha
Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve 02/02/05    
California
1,021 ha
Tomales Bay 30/09/02    
California
2,850 ha
Upper Mississippi Rwizi Floodplain Wetlands 05/01/10    
Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois
122,357 ha
Wilma H. ​​Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park 18/04/08    
Ohio
21 ha
Luke Mukuru akashanda se TOF tsvakurudzo yezhizha intern yezhizha re 2011. Gore rakatevera akapedza kudzidza kuSpain kwaakange ane internship neSpain National Research Council vachishanda muEnvironmental Economics Group. Zhizha rino Ruka akashanda seConservation Intern yeThe Nature Conservancy achiita manejimendi evhu neutariri. Mumwe mukuru paMiddlebury College, Luke ari kuita zveConservation Biology uye Environmental Studies ane mwana mudiki muchiSpanish, uye anotarisira kuwana basa remangwana mukuchengetedza gungwa.