Tsvakurudzo Yenhau (2005, 3rd Quarter)

naMark J. Spalding

Iyo Ocean Foundation ndiyo yekutanga "nheyo yenharaunda" yemakungwa, iine zvese zvakasimbiswa maturusi eiyo nharaunda hwaro uye yakasarudzika yakasarudzika yekuchengetedza gungwa. Saka nekudaro, The Ocean Foundation inogadzirisa zvipingamupinyi zviviri zvakakosha kuchengetedza kuchengetedza kwemugungwa: kushomeka kwemari uye kushomeka kwenzvimbo yekubatanidza nyore nyore nyanzvi dzekuchengetedza mugungwa kune vanopa vanoshuvira kuisa mari. Donzvo redu nderekutsigira, kusimbisa, uye kusimudzira masangano akazvipira kudzoreredza maitiro ekuparadza nharaunda dzemakungwa pasi rese.

3rd Quarter 2005 Investments neThe Ocean Foundation

Munguva ye3rd Quarter ya2005, The Ocean Foundation yakaratidza mapurojekiti anotevera, uye yakapa rubatsiro kuvatsigira: 

MAHURICANES NEKUCHENGETErwa kweMgungwa

HOSI

Mazhinji ezvifambiso zveshrimp, crane dzawo uye mambure achitamba kubva kumativi azvo semapapiro, akakandirwa kumahombekombe kana muuswa hwemugungwa. Vakazvambarara kana kuti vari vega pamakona asina kunaka . . . shrimp kugadzira zvidyarwa pabayou zvinoputswa kumusoro uye kuzorwa nematope anotyisa-anonhuwa, inches gobvu. Mvura yakaserera, asi nzvimbo yose inonhuwa seweweji, mafuta edhiziri uye kuora. (IntraFish Media, 7 Gunyana 2005)

Inenge 30% yehove dzinodyiwa muUS gore rega rega dzinobva kuGulf yeMexico, uye hafu yeese oyster anodyiwa anobva kuLouisiana mvura. Dutu guru reKatrina naRita rakakonzera kurasikirwa kwemadhora mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora ekurasikirwa kwezvokudya zvegungwa, uye mari iyi haisanganisi zvivakwa zvakakanganisika, zvakadai sezvikepe, madoki, nemiti. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) yakazivisa njodzi yekubata hove muGulf, danho rinodikanwa rekusunungura rubatsiro kune vabati vehove nehove dzenzvimbo uye masangano emhuka.

Zvisikwa zvakadai seshiri dzeshava uye chena dzinoberekera kumahombekombe uye dzinofamba mukati menyika kunogara mumadhaka dzakaparadza nzvimbo yadzo zhinji. Vakuru vehove nemhuka dzesango vakaratidzawo kutyira kuti kuchava nekuwedzera kwekuuraya kwehove semugumisiro we“nzvimbo dzakafa,” nzvimbo dzine oxygen shoma kana kuti dzisina sezvinhu zviri kuora zvakanyura mumadziva neGulf.

Inofungidzirwa hafu kusvika kumatatu eindasitiri yekubata lobster muFlorida yakatsvairwa kubva mukukuvadzwa kwemidziyo. Florida's Franklin County oyster industry, iri kutotambura nekukuvadzwa kwakakonzerwa neHurricane Dennis, ikozvino iri kurwisana nemhepo itsva yemvura yakatsvuka uye zvinoparadza zvinokonzerwa neHurricane Katrina.

Zvakare zvakakanganisika yaive yakakosha indasitiri yekuredza yekuvaraidza muLouisiana nedzimwe Gulf states. MuLouisiana, hove dzemitambo dzakaburitsa madhora mazana masere nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu emadhora mukutengesa kwezvitoro muna 895, uye yakatsigira mabasa zviuru gumi nezvinomwe (Associated Press, 2004/17,000/10).

Anecdotal humbowo kubva mukuderera kwakanyanya mukubata hove mumazuva Dutu guru Katrina risati rasvika rinoratidza kuti mhando zhinji dzakanangwa dzakasiya nharaunda pamberi pedutu. Nepo ikoku kuchipa varedzi vazhinji tariro yokuti hove nokuredza rimwe zuva zvichadzoka, ichava nguva yakati tisati taziva kuti zvichava rini, kana kuti utano hwakadini.

KUSVITSA

Iko fungidziro yekukuvadzwa kweindasitiri yekuredza haitangi kuverengera kune chero kukuvadzwa kungangoitika kubva mumvura yakasvibiswa iri kupombwa kubva kuNew Orleans ichipinda muLake Ponchartrain ichibva yapinda muGulf. Zvinosanganisirwa mune izvi zvinonetsa kukanganisa kwejecha uye chepfu pamadhora mazana matatu emamiriyoni pagore oyster indasitiri muLouisiana. Uyewo chiri kunetsa imamiriyoni emarita emafuta akadeuka mukati medutu—vashandi vanochenesa vanonzi vakatochera kana kubvisa mamiriyoni 300 emarita emafuta mumachakwi, migero, uye nyika uko kurasika kukuru kwakaitika.

Zviri pachena kuti madutu anga achirova Gulf coast kwemazana emakore. Dambudziko ndereGulf parizvino rave nemaindasitiri zvakanyanya zvekuti izvi zvinogadzira njodzi yechipiri kuvanhu uye nemamiriro ekunze mudunhu. Mazhinji petrochemical zvidyarwa, ine muchetura nzvimbo dzemarara, mafuta ekunatsa uye mamwe maindasitiri ari padyo neGulf nematunhu ayo. Vakuru vehurumende vane chekuita nekucheneswa uku vachiri kushanda kuti vaone madhiramu e“nherera” ayo akaraswa nedutu akarasa mazita azvo mumafashamu zvichitevera madutu achangobva kuitika. Izvo hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kuti ndeapi makemikari akateuka, mafashama esuweji kana imwe chepfu yakagezeswa muGulf yeMexico kana nzvimbo dzakasara dzemahombekombe, kana kuwanda kwemarara akadzoserwa kuGulf nekuderera kwedutu remhepo. Zvichatora mwedzi kubvisa ungwandangwanda hunobaya mambure ekuredzesa nemamwe magiya. Simbi dzinorema mu "chepfu soup" kubva kuKatrina naRita inogona kuve nekukanganisa kwenguva refu pahove dzemahombekombe uye dzepelagic, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kutyisidzira kumararamiro enharaunda yevashambadziri vehove nemitambo, pamwe nemakungwa ecosystem.

CHIKONZERO CHOKUSHANDA KUUYA

Kunyangwe zvisingaite kutaura chero dutu rimwe chete rinokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kudziya kwepasirese kungangokonzera kuwanda uye kutyisa kwemadutu anorova United States. Mukuwedzera, chinyorwa chaOctober 3 chemagazini yeTime chakashuma wedzero yemadutu ane simba mukati mamakumi maviri amakore apfuura.

•     Avhareji yegore rechikamu chechina kana 4 madutu 5-1970: 1990
• Avhareji yegore rechikamu 4 kana 5 madutu 1990-ikozvino: 18
• Avhareji yekushisa kwegungwa kuwedzera muGulf kubvira 1970: 1 degree F

Izvo zvinomiririra madutu aya, zvisinei, kudiwa kwekuisa pfungwa pakugadzirira njodzi, kana kupindura nokukurumidza kumahombekombe uye masangano anoshanda kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvavo zvegungwa. Isu tinoziva kuti huwandu hwepasirese huri kutamira kumahombekombe, kuti kukura kwevanhu hakuzodzikira kwemamwe makumi mashoma emakore, uye kuti fungidziro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze inodaidzira kuwedzera kwakasimba (zvishoma), uye pamwe kuwanda, kweaya marudzi e dutu. Mwaka wekutanga wedutu, uye kuwedzera kwenhamba uye simba remadutu makore maviri apfuura anoita seanotangira izvo zvatinotarisana nazvo munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Pamusoro pezvo, fungidziro yekukwira kwemvura yegungwa inogona kuwedzera kusagadzikana kwemahombekombe kumadutu nekuti marevhi uye mamwe matanho ekudzivirira mafashama anozozara nyore nyore. Saka, Katrina naRita vanogona kunge vari vekutanga venjodzi zhinji dzenharaunda dzemumaguta dzatingatarisira-nezvimiro zvakakomba zvezviwanikwa zvegungwa.

Iyo Ocean Foundation icharamba ichipa mari yekusimba, kupa rubatsiro patinokwanisa, uye tichatsvaga mikana yekutsigira kuedza kwemasangano ekuchengetedza mahombekombe uye masangano ehurumende kuona kuti kuita sarudzo kwakanaka kunoenda mukuvakazve nekugadzirisa zvirongwa.

Mikana Mitsva Yekudyara

TOF inonyatso tarisisa kumberi kwebasa rekuchengetedza gungwa, kutsvaga zvigadziriso zvinoda mari nerutsigiro, uye kukuudza ruzivo rutsva rwakanyanya kukosha kwauri.

ani: Wildlife Conservation Society
apo: US mvura / Gulf yeMexico
chii: The 42-square-nautical-mile Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary ndeimwe yenzvimbo 13 chete yakasarudzwa zviri pamutemo kusvika nhasi, uye iri muGulf of Mexico, anenge makiromita 110 kubva kumhenderekedzo yeTexas neLouisana. Iyo FGBNMS inochengetera imwe yenharaunda dzine hutano hwemakorari mudunhu reCaribbean, uye kuchamhembe kwemahombekombe egungwa muUnited States. Imusha kune vanhu vane hutano hwehove dzakakosha mune zvekutengesa uye zvehupfumi, kusanganisira hofori mbiri: hove hombe uye pasi rose panjodzi whale shark uye yakakura ray, manta. Scuba diving mukati meFGBNMS inotsigira hupfumi hwenzvimbo uye inovimba nekuwanda kwemhuka dzemunyanza kusangana newhale shark, manta rays, uye dzimwe mhuka hombe dzepelagic. Hove huru dzemugungwa dzinotama zvikuru dzakadai seManta neWhale Shark dzinowanzova mhando dzinotsvedza kuburikidza nekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza nekuda kwekushaiwa ruzivo pamusoro pehupenyu hwavo uye kunyanya nzvimbo uye kushandiswa kwekugara kwakaoma, kuwanda uye kufamba.
Sei: Wildlife Conservation Society's Dr. Rachel Graham vakashanda pazvirongwa zvekuongorora zvakati kuti zvekumaka nekutsvaga whale shark muCaribbean kubvira 1998. Chirongwa cheWCS muGulf chingave chekutanga kudzidza whale shark muFGBNMS uye kufungidzira kwavo kutama pakati peCaribbean. uye Gulf yeMexico. Ruzivo runobva mutsvakurudzo iyi rwakakosha nekuda kwekushaikwa kweruzivo rwezvipenyu izvi paruzhinji uye kudya kwadzo uye mwaka nemwaka kutsamira pazvikepe izvi pamwe nekukosha kwenzvimbo inochengeterwa mvura yemugungwa iyi mukudzichengetedza pamatanho akasiyana mukurarama kwadzo. Whale shark nyama inotengwa zvakanyanya uye kuvhima kwehofori iyi ine runyararo kunoisa mukana wekudzidza zvakawanda nezvavo uye maitiro avo pane zvakavapoteredza.
sei: The Ocean Foundation's Coral Reef Field-of-Interest Fund, iyo inotsigira mapurojekiti emunharaunda anokurudzira kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba kwemacoral reef uye mhuka dzinotsamira padziri, apo ichitsvaga mikana yekuvandudza hutungamiri hwekorori reef pamwero mukuru.

Who: Iyo Reef Environmental Education Foundation
apo: Gulf yeMexico
chii: REEF iri kushanda pakuenderera mberi kwekuongorora hove kuti inyore chimiro chenharaunda yehove uye kutarisa hove muFlower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary uye Stetson Bank uye ichava nemukana wekuita ongororo yekutevera ichienzanisa data yekuongorora hove kubva mberi uye shure kwedutu. Inowanikwa mamaira mashoma kubva kumahombekombe eTexas, Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) inoshanda senzvimbo inochengeterwa zvipenyu yezvipenyu zveCaribbean kuchamhembe kweGulf of Mexico uye ichashanda semushonga wehutano hwehove dzereef muGulf mumashure. zvemadutu. Tembiricha inotonhorera madhigirii mashoma munguva yechando paStetson Bank, iri makiromita makumi mana nemasere kuchamhembe uye yakawedzerwa kuSanctuary muna 48. Bhangi rinotsigira nharaunda yehove inoshamisa. Recreational scuba diving uye kubata hove zvinhu zvakajairika mukati menzvimbo tsvene. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzenzvimbo tsvene dzakagadzirirwa kugadzira mafuta uye gasi.
Sei: REEF yave ichiita ongororo yehove muGulf kubva muna 1994. Nzira yekutarisa iripo inobvumira REEF kuronda chero shanduko kuhuwandu hwehove, ukuru, hutano, nzvimbo dzekugara uye maitiro. Mukumuka kweDutu rinopfuura nemudunhu reGulf uye shanduko yekudziya kwemvura inodziya, zvakakosha zvikuru kuziva kuti shanduko idzi dzemamiriro ekunze dzinokanganisa sei zvipenyu zvemugungwa. Chiitiko cheREEF uye marekodhi aripo enharaunda yepasi pemvura yedunhu rino achaita basa rakakosha mukuongorora kukonzeresa kwechamupupuri ichi. REEF inoshandisa ongororo dzakaitwa kubatsira Sanctuary mukuita manejimendi uye kunyevera zviremera nezve chero kutyisidzira kunzvimbo idzi.
sei: The Ocean Foundation's Coral Reef Field-of-Interest Fund, iyo inotsigira mapurojekiti emunharaunda anokurudzira kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba kwemacoral reef uye mhuka dzinotsamira padziri, apo ichitsvaga mikana yekuvandudza hutungamiri hwekorori reef pamwero mukuru.

Who:  TOF Rapid Response Field-of-Interest Fund
apo: Kunze kwenyika
chii: Iyi homwe yeTOF ichave mukana wekupa rutsigiro rwemari kumasangano ari kutsvaga rubatsiro rwekukurumidza kune zvinonetsa uye basa rekukurumidzira.
Sei: Mushure meHurricanes Emily, Katrina, Rita, naStan pamwe chete neTsunami, TOF yakagamuchira zvikumbiro zvekukurumidzira kubva kumasangano akasiyana-siyana achikumbira mari yekuzadzisa zvinodiwa pakarepo. Zvido izvozvo zvaisanganisira mari yemidziyo yekuongorora kunaka kwemvura uye mari yekuongorora murabhoritari; mari yekutsiva midziyo yakaparadzwa nemafashamo; uye mari yekuongorora nekukurumidza zviwanikwa zvemugungwa kubatsira kuzivisa kudzoreredza / kudzoreredza mhinduro. Paivewo nekutyira kuti nharaunda isingaite purofiti inoshaya kugona kuvaka rudzi rwekuchengetedza kana kutenga "bhizinesi rekukanganisa inishuwarenzi" yaizobatsira kubhadhara mihoro yevashandi vavo vane ruzivo, vane ruzivo munguva idzi dzekudzingwa.

Pamusana pezvikumbiro izvozvo, Bhodhi reTOF rakasarudza kugadzira Homwe yaizongoshandiswa kupa rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi kumapoka anotarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekukurumidzira uko zvinhu zvinodikanwa nokukurumidza. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya haangogumiri kunjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, asi zvinosanganisira mapurojekiti anotsvaga zvinokonzeresa nekukurumidza sekuyedza kwenzvimbo inoronga kugadzira hurongwa hwenguva refu hwezviwanikwa zvemugungwa uye raramo yeavo vanovimba nazvo.
sei: Mipiro inobva kune vanopa inotsanangura kuti vangada kuti mari yavo iiswe muTOF Rapid Response FIF.

Sravana Sameeralu Serial XNUMXth TOF News

• Tiffany Foundation yakapa TOF mari yemadhora zviuru zana yekutsigira vashandi veTOF mukutsvaga mapurojekiti anonakidza pasi rese nekubatsira vanopa mikana yakanakisa yezvinokodzera zvavanoda zvekupa.
• TOF iri mukuita kwekuongorora kwayo kwehunyanzvi uye ichava neshumo munguva pfupi!
• Mutungamiri Mark Spalding vachange vachimirira TOF kuGlobal Forum on Oceans, Coast, and Islands Conference on Global Policy muLisbon, Portugal musi wa10 Gumiguru 2005 apo vachatora chikamu muchirongwa chevanopa mari.
• TOF ichangopedza mishumo miviri yekutsvagisa vanopa: Imwe paIsla del Coco, Costa Rica uye imwe iri kuNorthwestern Hawaiian Islands.
• TOF yakabatsira kutsigira ongororo yemashure-tsunami pamusoro pezviwanikwa zvemugungwa yakaitwa neNew England Aquarium neNational Geographic Society. Nyaya yacho ichava muchinyorwa chaDecember chemagazini yeNational Geographic.

Mamwe Mazwi Ekupedzisira

Iyo Ocean Foundation iri kuwedzera kugona kwenzvimbo yekuchengetedza gungwa uye kuvhara mukaha pakati penguva ino yekukura kuziva nezvedambudziko riri mumakungwa edu uye kwechokwadi, kunoitwa kuchengetedza kwemakungwa edu, kusanganisira kutungamira kwakasimba uye zvimiro zvehutongi.

Pakazosvika 2008, TOF ichange yagadzira nzira nyowani yehurombo (hwaro hwenharaunda ine chikonzero), yakamisa hwaro hwekutanga hwepasirese hwakanangana nekuchengetedza gungwa chete, uye ive yechitatu yakakura kwazvo yakavanzika yekuchengetedza makungwa pasi rose. Chero chimwe chezvaakakwanisa kuita izvi chinopembedza nguva yekutanga nemari kuita kuti TOF ibudirire - ese ari matatu anoita kuti ive yakasarudzika uye inomanikidza yekudyara pachinzvimbo chemakungwa epasi uye mabhiriyoni evanhu vanovimba navo kuti vatsigire hupenyu hwakakosha.

Sezvine hwaro chero hwaro mutengo wedu wekushanda ndewemubhadharo unotsigira zvakananga mabasa ekupa rubatsiro kana kutungamira mabasa erupo (sekupinda misangano yeNGOs, vanopa mari, kana kutora chikamu mumabhodhi, nezvimwewo).

Nekuda kwekuwedzera kudikanwa kwekuchengetedza mabhuku kwakadzikama, kurimwa kwevanopa, uye imwe mari yekushandisa, tinogovera inosvika 8 kusvika 10% sechikamu chedu chekutonga. Isu tinotarisira kukwira kwenguva pfupi apo isu tichiunza vashandi vatsva kuti vatarisire kukura kwedu kuri kuuya, asi chinangwa chedu chose chichava chekuchengetedza mitengo iyi kusvika padiki, tichienderana nechiono chedu chikuru chekuwana mari yakawanda kumunda wekuchengetedzwa kwemakungwa. sezvinobvira.