Sainzi yeSea: Marine Spatial Planning iri Kuchinja Mabatiro Atinoita Nemakungwa neMahombekombe

Vanyori: Mark J. Spalding naHooper Brooks
Zita Rokubudiswa: Kudzidzira Kuronga
Zuva Rokuburitswa: China, Zvita 1, 2011

Wese anoronga anoziva izvi: Mvura yemahombekombe eUS inzvimbo dzakabatikana zvinoshamisa, dzine zvakawanda zvinopindirana zvinoshandiswa nevanhu nemhuka zvakafanana. Kuyananisa izvo zvinoshandiswa-uye kudzivirira zvinokuvadza-Mutungamiri Obama munaChikunguru 2010 vakapa murairo wekutonga wakasimbisa kuronga kwemahombekombe egungwa sechombo chekuvandudza hutongi hwegungwa.

Pasi pechirongwa ichi, nzvimbo dzese dzemvura dzeUS dzaizopedzisira dzamepurwa, zvichijekesa kuti ndedzipi nzvimbo dzinofanirwa kuisirwa kuchengetedzwa uye uko kushandiswa kutsva kwakadai semhepo uye masaisai esimba remagetsi uye nzvimbo yakavhurika yemugungwa inogona kuiswa zvakakodzera.

Mamiriro emutemo echinzvimbo ichi ndiwo mutemo wemubatanidzwa weCoastal Zone Management Act, kubvira muna 1972. Zvinangwa zvechirongwa chemutemo uyu zvinoramba zvakangofanana: “kuchengetedza, kudzivirira, kusimudzira, uye pazvinogoneka, kudzorera kana kusimudzira zviwanikwa zvenharaunda yemahombekombe enyika. .” Nyika makumi matatu neina dzinoshandisa zvirongwa pasi peCZMA's National Coastal Zone Management Programme. Makumi maviri nesere ezvikomo anochengeterwa makomo anoshanda se !eld marabhoritari pasi peNational Estuarine Research Reserve System. Iye zvino hurongwa hwemutungamiri wenyika huri kukurudzira kutarisa kwakadzama kwemaitiro emahombekombe.

Kudiwa kuriko. Inopfuura hafu yevagari vepasi vanogara mukati memakiromita makumi mana kubva pamhenderekedzo yegungwa. Huwandu uhu hunogona kukwira kusvika pamakumi manomwe neshanu muzana panosvika 40, zvichienderana nekumwe fungidziro.
Zvikamu makumi masere kubva muzana zvekushanya kwese kunoitika munzvimbo dzemahombekombe, kunyanya kumucheto kwemvura, kumahombekombe uye nemahombekombe egungwa. Chiitiko chehupfumi chakagadzirwa munzvimbo yehupfumi yeUS yakasarudzika - kuwedzera mazana maviri emakiromita kubva kumahombekombe - inomiririra mazana emabhiriyoni emadhora.

Ichi chiitiko chakanyanya kuunza matambudziko kunharaunda dzemahombekombe. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Kugadzirisa kugadzikana kwenharaunda muhupfumi hwepasirese husina kugadzikana, iine zviitiko zvisina kuenzana zvehupfumi mumwaka uye sekukanganiswa nehupfumi uye mamiriro ekunze.
• Kudzikisira uye kugadzirisa kune mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pane ecosystem yemahombekombe
• Kuderedza kukanganisa kweanthropogenic senge mhuka dzinopinda, kusvibiswa kwemahombekombe, kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo, uye kuredza hove.

Vimbiso nemadzvinyiriro

Coastal marine spatial kuronga chinhu chitsva chekuronga chishandiso kubva pakuona kwekutonga. Inosanganisira matekiniki nematambudziko ane wirirano mukuronga kwepasi, asi iine akasiyana maficha zvakare. Semuyenzaniso, yaigona kugadzira miganhu mukati memunyanza wakavhurika kare-pfungwa ine chokwadi kutsamwisa avo vakaroorana nepfungwa yegungwa resango, rakavhurika, rinosvikika. 

Kugadzirwa kwemafuta negasi kubva kumahombekombe, kutumira, !shing, kushanya, nekutandara ndezvimwe zveinjini dzinofambisa hupfumi hwedu. Makungwa ari kutarisana nekuwedzera kumanikidzwa kwebudiriro sezvo maindasitiri achikwikwidzana nenzvimbo dzakafanana, uye zvitsva zvinomuka kubva mukushandiswa kwakadai sesimba remugungwa rinovandudzwa uye kurima mumvura. Nekuti federal ocean management nhasi yakakamurwa pakati pemasangano makumi maviri nematatu akasiyana emubatanidzwa, nzvimbo dzemugungwa dzinowanzo kudzora uye kudzorwa chikamu nechikamu uye nyaya neimwe, pasina kutarisisa zvakanyanya nezvekutengeserana-offs kana kuwanda kwemhedzisiro pane zvimwe zviitiko zvevanhu kana nharaunda yegungwa.

Mamwe mamepu emugungwa uye kuronga kwakatevera kwakaitika mumvura dzeUS kwemakumi emakore. Pasi peCZMA, nzvimbo yemahombekombe yeUS yakamepurwa, kunyangwe iwo mamepu anogona kunge asiri kusvika parizvino. Nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa dzakatenderedza Cape Canaveral, zvigadziriso zvemagetsi enyukireya, kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasimba dzakakonzerwa nekuronga kusimudzira kwemahombekombe, marinas, uye nzira dzekutumira. Mikoto inotama uye nzvimbo dzokudyisa dzeNorth Atlantic right whale dziri mungozi zvikuru dziri kurongwa, nemhaka yokuti kurova kwengarava—chisakiso chikuru chokufa kwe<em>right whale—kunogona kuderedzwa zvikuru apo nzira dzengarava dzinogadziridzwa kuti dzinzvere.

Kuedza kwakafanana kuri kuitwa kuzviteshi zvezvikepe zvokumaodzanyemba kweCalifornia, uko kurova kwengarava kwakakanganisa marudzi akawanda ewhale. Pasi pehurumende's 1999 Marine Life Protection Act, vashandi vehurumende, vamiriri vevaraidzo nevekutengesa varedzi vehove, uye vatungamiriri venharaunda vakanetsekana kuona kuti ndedzipi nzvimbo dzemahombekombe eCalifornia dzakadzivirirwa zvakanyanya uye kuti ndedzipi kushandiswa kunogona kuitwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Murairo wemutungamiri wenyika unoisa danho rekuedza kwakawanda kweCMSP. Achinyora mumagazini ya2010 inonzi Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, G. Carleton Ray weYunivhesiti yeVirginia akatsanangura zvinangwa zvemukuru wehurumende achiti: “Kuronga nzvimbo dzomumhenderekedzo yegungwa negungwa kunopa hurongwa hwehurumende kuti nzanga ione zviri nani kuti makungwa uye mhenderekedzo dzegungwa dzinofanira kushandiswa zvakachengetedzeka uye kuchengetedzwa iye zvino uye kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera. " Maitiro acho anoitirwa, akadaro, "kunyatso wedzera izvo zvatinowana kubva mugungwa tichideredza kutyisidzira kuhutano hwayo. Chinhu chakakosha, chakafanooneswa bhenefiti kuvandudzwa kwekugona kwezviremera zvakasiyana kuronga zvibodzwa zvavo nenzira yekuronga zvakanyanya. "

Inosanganisirwa muhurongwa hwehutongi inzvimbo yegungwa renyika uye yakasarudzika nzvimbo yehupfumi, iyo Great Lakes, uye sherufu yekondinendi, inotambanudzira pasi kune inoreva mutsara wemvura-yakakwirira uye inosanganisira inland bays uye estuaries.

Chii chinodiwa?

Maitiro ekuronga nzvimbo dzemugungwa haana kusiyana neaya echarrette yenharaunda apo vese vane chekuita vanoungana kuti vakurukure zvese zviri zviviri nzvimbo dziri kushandiswa uye kuti kumwe kushandiswa, kana kusimudzira, kungaitika sei. Kazhinji charrette inotanga neimwe furemu, sekuti nharaunda ichasangana sei nedambudziko rekupa zvivakwa zvehupfumi hune hutano, nharaunda, uye nzanga.
Dambudziko riri munharaunda yegungwa nderekuona kuti charrette inomiririra idzo mhuka dzinotsamira pane zveupfumi (semuenzaniso, kubata hove uye whale); ane mano ekuratidza patafura zviri pachena kuti akaganhurirwa; uye sarudzo dzaani, kana sarudzo dzisiridzo dzaitwa, dzakatonyanya kuganhurirwa. Kupfuurirazve, kushanduka kwetembiricha nekemesitiri, pamwe nekuparadzwa kwenzvimbo, zvinogona kukonzera shanduko munzvimbo ye!sh nedzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa, zvichiita kuti zviome kuona nzvimbo chaidzo sekunge dziri dzemashandisirwo chaiwo. 

Marine kuronga nzvimbo inogona kudhura zvakanyanya, zvakare. Hurongwa hwakakwana hwenzvimbo yakapihwa hunofanirwa kutarisisa zvinhu zvakawanda. Zvinosanganisira kugadzira maturusi ekuongorora makungwa ane mativi akawanda anoyera pamusoro, nzvimbo yemvura, nzvimbo dzekugara dziri padyo, pasi pegungwa, nenzvimbo dziri pasi pepasi pegungwa, pamwe nechero nzvimbo dzinopindirana munzvimbo yakapihwa. Kuredza hove, migodhi, kugadzirwa kwemafuta negasi, nzvimbo dzakarejeswa oiri negasi asi dzisati dzava kushandiswa, maturbine emhepo, mapurazi ehove, kutakura zvinhu, kutandara, kuona whale, uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswa nevanhu zvinofanirwa kurongwa. Saka itaiwo nzira dzinoshandiswa kusvika kunzvimbo dzekushandisa idzodzo.

Mepu yakazara ingasanganisira mhando dzezvinomera uye pekugara mumahombekombe uye mumvura dziri pedyo nemahombekombe, senge mangroves, seagrass meadows, dunes, uye machakwi. Yaizoenzanisira gungwa “rokubva kumutsetse wemvura zhinji richipfuura nesherufu yekondinendi, inozivikanwa senzanga dze<em>benthic, uko marudzi mazhinji e<em>! Yaizounganidza ruzivo rwenzvimbo uye rwenguva pfupi nezve !sh, mhumhu, neshiri uwandu uye nzira dzinotama uye nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa kubereka nekudyisa. Kuona nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa vana dzinonyanya kushandiswa nepwere !sh nedzimwe mhuka kwakakoshawo. Chinhu chenguva chakanyanya kukosha muhutongi hwegungwa, uye kazhinji hachitarisirwe muCMSP mepu.

"CMSP inoda kuve, kana kuti tinovimba ichave, inofambiswa nesainzi uye neSainzi misheni inoitika mwedzi misere pagore kuAquarius Reef Base, iyo chete chiteshi chepasirese chepasirese chepasirese, inoshanduka mukupindura humbowo hutsva, tekinoroji, uye kunzwisisa," Ray akanyora. . Chimwe chinangwa ndechekugonesa kuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo umo mashandisirwo matsva, sekugadzira magetsi kana nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza, anogona kuiswa. Chimwe chinangwa ndechekuona kuti vashandisi varipo vaona uye nekunzwisisa kuti uye kupi zviitiko zvavo zvinoitika mukati menzvimbo ine mepu.

Kana zvaibvira, mafambiro eshiri, mhuka dzemugungwa, kamba dzemugungwa, uye !sh dzaizobatanidzwawo kuitira kuti mikoto yadzo yekushandiswa ionekwe. Chinangwa ndechekushandisa aya akaturikidzana eruzivo kupa vanobata uye vanoronga chishandiso chekusvika pakubvumirana uye kuita zvirongwa zvinogonesa mabhenefiti kune vese.

Chii chakaitwa kusvika zvino?

Kuti vatange hurongwa hwehurongwa hwezvivakwa zvemugungwa, gore rapfuura hurumende yemubatanidzwa yakaumba bato reNational Ocean Council rine komiti inoona nezvehutongi, mukukurukurirana nenhengo gumi nesere kubva kuhurumende, matunhu nemasangano nemasangano. inter jurisdictional ocean policy issues. Zvirongwa zvezvivakwa zvemugungwa zvichagadzirwa kumatunhu mapfumbamwe kutanga kwa18. Zvirongwa zvekuteerera zvakaitwa munyika yose kutanga kwegore rino kuti vawane pfungwa pamusoro pechirongwa cheCMSP. Kuedza ikoko mavambo akanaka, asi mapoka akasiyana-siyana ekukurudzira ari kukumbira zvimwe. Mutsamba yakanyorerwa Congress mukupera kwaGunyana, iyo Ocean Conservancy - Washington-isingaite purofiti - yakataura kuti nyika zhinji dzanga dzichitotora data nekugadzira mamepu ekushandiswa kwegungwa nemahombekombe. “Asi,” tsamba yacho yakataura, “nyika hadzigoni !x hurongwa hwekutonga kwegungwa renyika yedu vari voga. Tichifunga nezvebasa rehurumende yemubatanidzwa mumvura yegungwa, hurumende yemubatanidzwa inofanirwa kuvakira pane zviripo dunhu rekubatsira kutungamira budiriro yegungwa nenzira dzine musoro. " Nhoroondo yekuedza kwatove kuitwa muMassachusetts yakapihwa naAmy Mathews Amos, chipangamazano akazvimiririra wezvakatipoteredza, nguva pfupi yapfuura mushure mekupihwa kwemutungamiri wenyika gore rapfuura. “Kwemakumi emakore nzanga dzave dzichishandisa kupatsanura nzvimbo kuderedza kurwisana kwekushandiswa kwevhu uye kudzivirira zvinhu zvinokosha. Muna 2015, Massachusetts yakava nyika yekutanga kushandisa pfungwa iyi kugungwa, "Amos akanyora mu "Obama Enacts Ocean Zoning," yakatumirwa muna 2008 pa. www.blueridgepress.com, muunganidzwa wepamhepo wemakoramu akabatanidzwa. "Nekupasiswa kwakaitwa nyika mutemo wakadzama we'nzvimbo yegungwa, yave nehurongwa hwekuona kuti ndedzipi nzvimbo dzekunze dzakakodzera kushandiswa, uye kufanotaura kusawirirana kungangoitika." 

Zvakawanda zvakaitwa mumakore matatu kubvira Massachusetts Ocean Act yaida hurumende yenyika kuti igadzire hurongwa hwekutonga kwemakungwa hwakanangana kuti hupinzwe muhurongwa hweNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration huripo hwekutarisa nzvimbo dzemahombekombe uye kutevedzerwa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekutonga nemvumo hwehurumende. . Matanho ekutanga anosanganisira kuona kuti ndekupi kushandiswa kwemugungwa kuchatenderwa uye kuti ndeapi mashandisirwo egungwa anoenderana.

Kufambisa hurongwa uhu, nyika yakagadzira Ocean Advisory Commission uye Science Advisory Council. Zvirongwa zvevoruzhinji zvakarongwa munharaunda dzemahombekombe uye mukati menyika. Mapoka matanhatu emasangano ebasa akaumbwa kuti awane uye aongorore data maererano nekugara; !sheries; zvekufambisa, kufamba, uye zvivakwa; sediment; nhandaro nemabasa etsika; uye renewable energy. Iyo itsva, online data system inodaidzwa kuti MORIS (Massachusetts Ocean Resource Information System) yakagadzirwa kutsvaga uye kuratidza dhata renzvimbo rine chekuita neMassachusetts coastal zone.

Vashandisi veMORIS vanogona kuona akasiyana data layer (tide gauge station, nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemugungwa, nzvimbo dzekupinda, eelgrass mibhedha) pamusoro pemashure emifananidzo yemuchadenga, miganhu yezvematongerwo enyika, zviwanikwa, kushandiswa kwevanhu, bathymetry, kana imwe data, kusanganisira mamepu eGoogle base. Chinangwa ndechekubvumira nyanzvi dzekutungamira kwemahombekombe uye vamwe vashandisi kugadzira mepu uye kurodha chaiyo data kuti ishandiswe mune geographic ruzivo system uye kune zvine chekuita nekuronga zvinangwa.

Kunyangwe iyo yekutanga manejimendi chirongwa cheMassachusetts chakapihwa muna 2010, yakawanda yekuunganidza data uye mepu yakanga isina kukwana. Nhamburiko dziri kuitwa yekuvandudza ruzivo rwezvekutengesa Kuganhurirwa kwemari kwakamisa dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuunganidza data, kusanganisira mifananidzo yekugara, kubva Zvita 2010, maererano neMassachusetts Ocean Partnership.

MOP iboka reruzhinji-rakavanzika rakavambwa muna 2006 uye rinotsigirwa nenheyo zvipo, zvibvumirano zvehurumende, uye mubhadharo. Inoshanda pasi pebhodhi rinotonga, iine timu yehafu yegumi nevaviri vashandi vepakati uye akati wandei akabatikana zvikwata zvebasa rehunyanzvi. Iyo ine zvibodzwa zvikuru, zvinosanganisira sainzi-yakavakirwa gungwa manejimendi muNortheast uye nenyika. Zviitiko zvekutanga zvekudyidzana zvinosanganisira: CMSP chirongwa chekugadzira uye manejimendi; kubatanidzwa kwevanoda uye kutaurirana; kubatanidzwa kwedata, kuongorora uye kuwana; kutengeserana-kuongororwa uye kutsigirwa kwesarudzo; dhizaini nekushandisa; uye ecological uye socioeconomic zviratidzo kuvandudzwa kweCMSP.

Massachusetts inotarisirwa kuburitsa chirongwa chayo chekupedzisira chekutonga kwemakungwa kutanga kwa2015, uye MOP inotarisira kuti New England Regional Plan ichapedzwa ne2016.

Rhode Island iri kufambirawo mberi nekuronga kwenzvimbo dzemugungwa. Yakagadzira hurongwa hwekugadzira mamepu ekushandiswa kwevanhu uye zviwanikwa uye yakashanda kuona mashandisirwo anoenderana kuburikidza nechimiro chesimba remhepo siting.

Ongororo yakaitwa nehurumende yakaitwa makore apfuura yakaratidza kuti mapurazi emhepo ari kunze kwenyika anogona kupa zvikamu gumi nezvishanu kubva muzana kana kupfuura zvezvinodiwa zvemagetsi zveRhode Island; Chirevo chakaratidzawo 15 nzvimbo dzakananga dzaigona kunge dzakakodzera nzvimbo dzekurima mhepo. Muna 10, gavhuna wenguva iyoyo Donald Carcieri akakoka boka rakasiyana-siyana kuti ritore chikamu munhaurirano dzine chekuita nenzvimbo gumi dzinogona kuitika. Pakaitwa misangano mina yekugamuchira pfungwa kubva kune vaivepo, avo vaimirira hurumende dzematunhu, masangano ezvekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda, masangano ekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika, uye zvido zvekuredza zvekutengesa pamwe nemasangano ehurumende, US Coast Guard, mayunivhesiti enharaunda nemamwe.

Chinangwa chikuru chaiva chokudzivisa kurwisana kwaigona kuitika. Somuenzaniso, ngwariro yokungwarira yakabhadharwa kunzira nenzvimbo dzokudzidzira dzevakwikwidzi veAmerica Cup nezvimwe zvinofarirwa nechikepe, pakati pekushandiswa kwakawanda kwakarongwa. Zvakanga zvakaoma kuwana ruzivo pamusoro peUS Navy submarine nzira kunze kwenzvimbo iri pedyo, asi pakupedzisira, nzira idzodzo dzakawedzerwa kumusanganiswa. Panzvimbo gumi dzakaonekwa kusati kwaitwa chirongwa chevanedavi, dzakawanda dzakabviswa nekuda kwekukonana kwaigona kuitika nemashandisirwo aiitwa pakutengesa, kunyanya kubata hove. Zvakadaro, mepu dzekutanga hadzina kuratidza vatori vechikamu mafambiro emhuka kana kubatanidza kuvharika kwechinguvana kwekushandiswa kwemwaka.

Mapoka akasiyana aive nekunetseka kwakasiyana pamusoro penzvimbo dzinogona kuitika. Lobstermen ainetsekana nezve mhedzisiro yekuvaka nekuchengetedza zvivakwa munzvimbo dzese gumi. Imwe nzvimbo yakawanikwa ichinetsana nenzvimbo yekufambiswa kwezvikepe. Vakuru vezvekushanya vakaratidza kushushikana pamusoro pekukanganisa kungangoitika mukushanya kubva mukuvandudzwa kwemhepo kumahombekombe, kunyanya padyo nemahombekombe ekumaodzanyemba, ayo ari hupfumi hwakakosha kuhurumende. Maonero kubva kumahombekombe aya uye kubva munharaunda dzezhizha paBlock Island aive pakati pezvikonzero zvakataurwa zvekufambisa mapurazi emhepo kune imwe nzvimbo.

Vamwe vainetsekana nezve "Coney Island effect" yeCoast Guard zvinodiwa pakuvheneka maturbines seyambiro kundege nevafambisi vezvikepe uye nekunetswa kwemahombekombe kunodiwa.

Mamwe chete emakakatanwa aya akagadziriswa mugadziri wesimba remhepo wekutanga asati atanga kuita mepu yepasi pegungwa munaGunyana 2011, aine hurongwa hwekuronga zviri pamutemo nzvimbo dzema30 megawati purazi remhepo muna 2012 uye, gare gare, 1,000-megawati purazi remhepo. mumvura yeRhode Island. Masangano ehurumende nemubatanidzwa achaongorora zvikumbiro izvi. Izvo zvinoramba zvichionekwa kuti ndezvipi zvinoshandiswa nevanhu kana mhuka zvichaiswa pamberi, sezvo mapurazi emhepo asingabvumirwe kukwira zvikepe uye kubata hove.

Dzimwe nyika dziri kuitawo zvirongwa zvekuronga nzvimbo dzemugungwa: Oregon iri kutarisisa nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemugungwa uye saiti yesimba regungwa; California yave kuda kuita Marine Life Protection Act yayo; uye mutemo mutsva weWashington State unoda kuti mvura yenyika iite hurongwa hwekuronga nzvimbo dzemugungwa, kana mari yavapo yekuitsigira. New York iri kupedzisa kuita kwayo 2006 Ocean uye Great Lakes Ecosystem Conservation Act, iyo yakachinja manejimendi ehurumende mamaira 1,800 emahombekombe egungwa neGreat Lakes nzira yakawedzera kunzwisisa, ecosystem-based, pane imwe inosimbisa imwe mhando kana dambudziko.

Basa remurongi
Nyika negungwa zvirongwa zvakabatanidzwa; hazvigoni kutarisirwa zvakasiyana. Mhenderekedzo yegungwa ndiyo inopfuura hafu yedu inogara. Uye nzvimbo dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa ndidzo dzinobereka zvakanyanya pasi redu. Kana nharaunda dzemahombekombe dzine hutano, dzinopa mabhiriyoni emadhora mukubatsira kwakananga kwehupfumi, kusanganisira mabasa, mikana yevaraidzo, mhuka dzesango, uye kuzivikanwa kwetsika. Vanogonawo kubatsira kudzivirira njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, dzinewo migumisiro chaiyo yezvemari.

Saizvozvo, maitiro eCMSP anofanirwa kuve akadzikama, ane ruzivo rwakakwana, uye kufunga nezve ecology, sociocultural, uye economic values ​​uye mabhenefiti. Vanoronga nharaunda dzemahombekombe vanofanirwa kubatanidzwa munhaurirano yeCMSP kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti nharaunda iwaniswa nzvimbo yegungwa nezviwanikwa, pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwemarine ecosystem masevhisi ayo anozopawo hupfumi hwemahombekombe.

Unyanzvi hwekushanda, hwehunyanzvi, uye hwesainzi hwenharaunda inoronga hunofanirwa kubatanidzwa uye kushandiswa kune zvakanakisa!t sarudzo dzeCMSP dzine ruzivo. Kubatanidzwa kwakadaro kunofanirwa kutanga munguva yehurongwa, apo hurumende nemasangano evanodavidza vanenge vachiumbwa. Hunyanzvi hwenharaunda inoronga hunogonawo kubatsira kukwidziridza zviwanikwa zvemari zvinodiwa kupedzisa CMSP yakazara munguva dzino dzakaoma mune zveupfumi. Kupfuurirazve, vanoronga vanogona kubatsira kuona kuti iwo mepu pachawo anogadziridzwa nekufamba kwenguva.

Chekupedzisira, tinogona zvakare kutarisira kuti kuita kwakadai kuchabatsira kuwedzera kunzwisisa, rutsigiro, uye dunhu rakawedzerwa rekuchengetedza makungwa edu ari kutyisidzirwa.

Mark Spalding ndiye mutungamiri weThe Ocean Foundation, anogara muWashington, DC Hooper Brooks ndiye New York uye London-based director wezvirongwa zvepasi rose zvePrince's Foundation for the Built Environment.