Tine urombo, HAISI YEIYO Yezororo Inokosha Cocktail

NaMark J. Spalding, Mutungamiriri

Pakutanga muna Zvita 2014, ndakaita rombo rakanaka kuti ndakakwanisa kupinda zviitiko zviviri zvakakosha muAnnapolis, Maryland. Chekutanga chaive chisvusvuro chemubairo cheChesapeake Conservancy kwatakanzwa kutaura kusinganzwisisike kubva kusangano reED, Joel Dunn, nezvekukosha kwazvakaita kutenda kuti tese tinogona kubatsira kuita kuti nzvimbo yeChesapeake Bay yematunhu matanhatu ive nzvimbo ine hutano yekugara, shanda, uye tamba. Mumwe wevakaremekedzwa manheru aive Keith Campbell akatiudza kuti chokwadi chinotsigira munhu wese anotenda kuti Chesapeake Bay ine hutano ndicho chikamu chakakosha chehupfumi hwedunhu.

Manheru akatevera, aive Keith nemwanasikana wake Samantha Campbell (mutungamiri weKeith Campbell Foundation for the Environment uye aimbova nhengo yeTOF Board) vaipemberera zvakaitwa naVerna Harrison, ari kusiya chigaro mushure memakore gumi nemaviri seMutungamiriri Mukuru weSangano. Mutauri mushure memutauri akaziva kuzvipira kwaVerna kune ine hutano Chesapeake Bay kwemakumi emakore. Kudivi rekubatsira kupemberera basa rake kusvika parizvino vaimbova magavhuna, mubatanidzwa, nyika, uye vatungamiriri venzvimbo, vanopfuura gumi nevaviri vavanoshanda navo, uyezve, makumi evamwe vanhu vanopa mazuva avo kune ine hutano Chesapeake Bay.

Mumwe wevanhu vakazvipira pachiitiko ichi aive Julie Lawson, director weTrash-Free Maryland, akatakura mumwe wake chirongo chemvura kubva kuBay. Kunyatsotarisa kwakaratidza kuti yaisava mvura yake yekunwa. Chokwadi, ndakademba kuziva kuti chinhu chipi nechipi chainwa kana kugara mumvura iyi. Sezvauri kuona pamufananidzo, mvura yaiva muchirongo yakanga yakasvibira, yakasvibira sezuva rayakaunganidzwa. Kunyatsotarisa kwakaratidza kuti mutsinga dzealgae dzakarembera zvidimbu zvepurasitiki zvehukuru hwakasiyana. Girazi rinokudza raizoratidza zvidimbu zvidiki zvepurasitiki.

Sample yaakatakura yakaunganidzwa mukupera kwaMbudzi apo masangano maviri ekuchengetedza, Trash Free Maryland ne5 Gyres Institute, akabuda kunotora masampuli emvura nemasampuri emarara muChesapeake. Vakakoka nyanzvi yeChesapeake Bay uye chipangamazano mukuru weEPA Jeff Corbin kuti vaende navo:  Mune imwe blog yakazotevera, akanyora: “Ndakafanotaura kuti taisazowana zvakawanda. Dzidziso yangu yaive yekuti Chesapeake Bay ine simba rakawandisa, iine masaisai anogara aripo, mhepo uye mafungu, zvichipesana neinoti zii yakavhurika yakavhurika mapatani ekutenderera ayo anogona kutarisisa kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki. ndakanganisa."

Microplastics ishoko rinoshandiswa kutsanangura tudiki twudiki twepurasitiki twavepo munyanza yedu yese-zvisaririra zvemarara epurasitiki anoita nzira yavo mumvura uye mugungwa. Plastiki haiperi mugungwa; vanoputsika kuita zvidimbu zvidiki uye zvidiki. Sokunyora kwakaita Julie nguva pfupi yadarika nezveBay sampling, “Zviuru zvezvimedu zviduku zvinobva muzvigadzirwa zvekuchengeta vanhu uye kuwanda kwepurasitiki kunofungidzirwa kakapetwa ka10 kuwanda unowanikwa mu“marara” akakurumbira emakungwa enyika. Idzi zvidimbu zviduku zvepurasitiki zvinotora mamwe makemikari epetrochemical akadai semishonga yezvipembenene, oiri, uye peturu, zvowedzera kuva nechepfu uye zvinopa chepfu pasi peBay food chain inotungamirira kumagakanje eblue nerockfish dzinodyiwa nevanhu.”

Kuburitswa kwaZvita kwemakore mashanu esainzi sampling yemakungwa epasi rose muPLOS 1 yaityisa - "Mapurasitiki ehukuru hwese akawanikwa munzvimbo dzese dzegungwa, achichinjika munzvimbo dzakaungana munzvimbo dzepasi pevhu, kusanganisira maodzanyemba ehemisphere gyres uko kuwanda kwehuwandu hwemahombekombe kwakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura kuchamhembe kwehemisphere." Chidzidzo ichi fungidziro yekuti ipurasitiki yakawanda sei mumakungwa epasi inosimbisa kuti kupinza uye kupindika kuri kukanganisa sei hupenyu mugungwa.

Tese taigona kuita sezvinoita Julie totakura mvura yokuisira. Kana kuti tinogona kugamuchira meseji yatinonzwa kakawanda kubva kuTrash Free Maryland, iyo 5 Gyres Institute, iyo Plastics Pollution Coalition, Beyond Plastic, Surfrider Foundation, uye nevakawanda vavanodyidzana navo pasirese. Iri idambudziko vanhu vanonyatsonzwisisa-uye mubvunzo wekutanga watinowanzo bvunzwa ndewekuti "Tingadzosa sei purasitiki kubva mugungwa?"

Uye, kuThe Ocean Foundation, tagara tichigamuchira zvikumbiro kubva kumasangano akasiyana siyana uye nevanhu vanhu maererano nekubviswa kwemapurasitiki kubva mugungwa gyres kwaakaunganidza. Kusvika iye zvino, hapana chimwe cheizvi chave nepenzura kunze. Kunyangwe isu tichigona kushandisa hurongwa hwake kuunganidza epurasitiki kubva mugiredhi, saka isu tichiri kuda kuziva kuti imarii inodhura kutakura iyo tsvina kuti imhare nekuivhara kuti ipfure neimwe fashoni. Kana kuti, ishandure mugungwa, wotakura mafuta acho kuenda kumhara uko kunonyanya kushandiswa. Iyo yakazara kutenderera inodhura kuenda kunotsvaga purasitiki, kuishandura kuita simba kana kuita kumwe kushandiswa kwayo kunodarika kukosha kwesimba chero ripi zvaro kana chimwe chigadzirwa chakagadzirwazve (izvi zvakatonyanya ikozvino kuti mitengo yemafuta iri mukudonha).

Kunyange ini ndiine hanya kuti zvicharamba zvakaoma kuita kuti kubvisa mapurasitiki kubva mugungwa kugoneke mune zvemari (sebhizimusi rekuita purofiti); Ini ndinotsigira kutora mapurasitiki kubva munyanza yedu. Nokuti, kana tikakwanisa kubvisa huwandu hukuru hwepurasitiki kubva kune imwe gyre, izvo zvingava mugumisiro wakanaka.
Saka mhinduro yangu yenguva dzose ndeyekuti, "Zvakanaka, tinogona kutanga nekuita chikamu chedu kuti tisarega imwe plastiki ichipinda munyanza isu tichitsvaga nzira yekubvisa nehupfumi kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki mugungwa pasina kukuvadza." Saka patiri kusvika kuGore Idzva, pamwe izvi ndezvimwe zvisungo zvatinogona kuchengeta takamirira gungwa:

• Kutanga, iyo inonyanya kunetsa panguva ino yegore: Deredzai kusikwa kwemarara. Zvadaro, bvisa marara ose zvakanaka.  Dzokorora pazvinenge zvakakodzera.
• Tsvaga dzimwe nzira kune zvinhu zvepurasitiki zvaunovimba nazvo; uye ramba kurongedzerwa-sevhisi, mashanga, kurongedza zvakanyanya, uye mamwe mapurasitiki 'anorasa'.
• Usazadze marara uye iva nechokwadi chokuti chivharo chinopindirana zvakasimba - mafashama anowanzo vhuvhuta mumugwagwa, achinyura mumadhamu emvura, uye kubuda mumvura.
• Kurudzira vanoputa kuti varase matako avo zvakanaka—zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikamu chimwe muzvitatu (mabhiriyoni 120) chemidzanga yose inomonerera mumvura muUnited States moga.
• Takura bhodhoro rako remvura uye zvakare kushandiswa mabhegi ekutenga newe-isu tinoshandisa 3 trillion mabhegi pagore pasi rese uye akawandisa awo anopera semarara.
• Dzivisa zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza wega zvine "microbeads" - vave kuzara mumigwagwa yemvura uye mumhenderekedzo dzegungwa sezvo vakave vari kwose kwose mumishonga yemazino, kugeza kumeso, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa mumakore gumi apfuura.
• Kurudzirai vagadziri nevamwe kuti vatevedzere dzimwe nzira dzekuwedzera — Unilever, L’Oreal, Crest (Procter & Gamble), Johnson & Johnson, neColgate Palmolive angori mamwe emakambani akabvuma kuita izvi panopera 2015 kana 2016 (kuti uwane runyoro rwakakwana).
• Kurudzirai indasitiri kuti ramba uchitsvaga mhinduro dzekudzivirira epurasitiki kubva pakupinda mugungwa pakutanga.